NAME: _______________________________________

A. ORTHOGONAL TRAJECTORY

1. Find the orthogonal trajectory of the line y – 4x = c.

4. Find the orthogonal trajectory of y’ = csecx.

2. Find the orthogonal trajectory of x2 + y2 = c2. B. GROWTH AND DECAY PROBLEMS

1. Radioactive-Iodine disintegrates at rate proportional

to the amount present. Initially, there are 1000mg of
the substance injected to a patient. After 24 hours, it
has been observed that there are only 10mg present in
the patient’s body. How long (in hours) will it take for
the substance to become 1 mg?

3. Find the orthogonal trajectory of y8 = k2 (3x2 + 2y2).

2. A non-resolved case of epidemic will have a

continuous growth of statistics based on the present
amount. If a number of SARS patients have been left
untreated for 1 day, the number of patients will double.
How long will it take for the number of patients to
triple?
3. The volume of an ice cube melts at a rate
proportional to the surface area in contact with air.
After 10 minutes, the volume of 8 cubic centimeters of
ice shrinks to 3 cubic centimeters. When was it 4 cubic
centimeters in volume?

4. A culture of bacteria grows at a rate proportional to
the amount present. If it is observed to have 104
bacteria at the end of 3rd hour and 4x104 at the end of
the 5th hour, how many were there at the start?
2. A dead body has been found inside the air-
conditioned room at 16oC. If the temperature of the
cadaver at 10:00am is measure to be 20.5oC and after
30 minutes the temperature becomes 19.5oC and
assuming that the man has a temperature of 36.5oC at
the time of death, what is the time of death?

3. A body at an unknown temperature is placed in a

room which is held at a constant temperature of 30oF. If
C. NEWTON’S LAW OF COOLING
after 10 minutes the temperature of the body is 0oF and
after 20 minutes from placing in the room, the
1. A body at a temperature of 50oF is placed in an oven
temperature of the body is 15oF, find an expression for
whose temperature is kept at 150oF. If after 10 minutes
the temperature at any time and find the initial
the temperature of the body is 75oF,
temperature of the body.
a. Find an expression for the temperature of
the body at any time.
b. Time to reach 100oF.
c. Time to reach 70oF
d. Time to reach 200oF
4. At 12:00 noon, the thermometer reading 90oF is
brought inside a freezer whose temperature is set to -
10oF. At 12:05 pm, the reading is 10oF. At 12:10 pm, the
thermometer is taken back at the room where the
temperature is 90oF. What is the temperature at 12:15
pm?
C. MIXTURE PROBLEMS
1. A tank initially contains 200 gallons of water. A 2 lb of
salt per gallon of brine solution flows in to the tank at
the rate of 2 gallons per minute. The mixture is kept
homogeneous by stirring constantly. How long will it
take for the quantity of salt in the tank to increase from
10 to 20 lbs?
2. A tank is filled with 20 gallons of brine in which is
dissolved 3 lbs of salt. Brine containing 3 lbs of salt per
gallon enters at 2 gallons per minute. The well-stirred
mixture leaves at 1 gallon per minute. Find the amount
of salt in the tank at any time. What is the amount of
salt in tank after 10 minutes?
3. Suppose brine containing 3 kg of salt per liter runs
into a tank initially filled with 300 L of water containing
15 kg of salt. If the brine enters at 10 L/min, the mixture
is kept uniform by stirring, and the mixture flows out at
the same rate. Find the mass of the salt after 10
minutes.
4. A tank containing 100 gal of brine made by dissolving
80 lb of salt in water. Pure water runs into the tank at
the rate of 4 gal/min, and the mixture, kept uniform by
stirring, runs out at the same rate. Find the amount of
salt in the tank at any time.
D. ORIFICE

1. A Jacuzzi full of water is being drained by its sink (due

to the gravity not by pump). How long before all of the
10 cubic meters of water is drained if the dimensions of
the Jacuzzi is 3m in each side? The size of the orifice is
0.1m2.
3. A right circular cone is initially full of water. If the
height of the cone is 5 m and the diameter across the
top being 10 m, what will be the velocity of water be
when the depth of water is 3m from the top? How long
will it take to empty the tank? Area of the orifice is 1
cm2 at the vertex.

2. A water container, whose cross section is 6 ft in

diameter and whose height is 9 feet, is filled with an
unknown fluid. It has a hole at the base of radius 1 in.
What is the equation of the height of the fluid at any
time? When will the container be empty?