Lesson 4b: Design of Solid Two-Way Slabs with Beams

Drop panel

Capital
There are several methods by which two-way slabs
can be designed. All methods are viable provided
that the safety and serviceability of the elements are
within the acceptable limits.

Coefficient Method
The coefficient method employs tables of moment
coefficients for different slab edge conditions with
supporting beams. The conditions are based on
elastic analysis but inelastic redistribution is
accounted for as well. According to the coefficient
approach, the slab is divided into the middle strip
and edge strip in each direction. In this method we
will take one meter strip as the width of slab for
design purposes.
The width of the edge strips are equal to the one-quarter
of the panel length whereas the width of the middle strip
is one-half of the panel length as shown below.
The factored moment per meter at middle strip using the
coefficient method are:
@ short direction,
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑐𝑎 𝑤𝑢 ℓ𝑎 2 (in 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚/𝑚)
@ long direction,
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑐𝑏 𝑤𝑢 ℓ𝑏 2 (in 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚/𝑚)
Where
𝑐𝑎 and 𝑐𝑏 = moment coefficient
𝑤𝑢 = total factored uniform load in 𝑘𝑃𝑎
ℓ𝑎 = clear span at short direction in 𝑚
ℓ𝑏 = clear span at long direction in 𝑚

The factored moment at edge strip is equal to two-thirds

of the factored moment at middle strip.
The minimum thickness of non-prestressed two-way
slabs with beams spanning between supports:
For 𝛼𝑓𝑚 > 2.0, on all sides can be calculated as
𝑓𝑦
ℓ𝑛 0.8 +
1400
ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = ≥ 90 𝑚𝑚
36 + 9𝛽
For 0.2 < 𝛼𝑓𝑚 ≤ 2.0,
𝑓𝑦
ℓ𝑛 0.8 + 1400
ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = ≥ 125 𝑚𝑚
36 + 5𝛽 𝛼𝑓𝑚 − 0.2
where
ℓ𝑛 is the clear span in the long direction, measured
face to face of beams
𝛽 is the ratio of clear spans in long to short direction of
slab
𝐸 𝐼
𝛼𝑓𝑚 = is the average 𝛼𝑓 = 𝑐𝑏 𝑏 for all beams on edges
𝐸𝑐𝑠 𝐼𝑠
The required reinforcement can be determined using the
formula:
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑑 2𝑀𝑢
𝐴𝑠 = 1− 1−
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝜙𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑑 2
where 𝑏 = 1000 𝑚𝑚 for considering a meter strip of slab

𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 for Non-Prestressed Two-Way Slabs

Reinforcement
𝒇𝒚 (𝑴𝑷𝒂) 𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒊𝒏
type
Deformed bars < 420 0.0020𝐴𝑔
Deformed bars 0.0018 × 420
Greater 𝐴𝑔
or welded wire ≥ 420 𝑓𝑦
of:
reinforcement 0.0014𝐴𝑔
Example:

Design an interior two-way slab using coefficient

method and the following design criteria:
Factored ultimate uniform load = 15.5 𝑘𝑃𝑎
Clear span along short direction ℓ𝑎 = 2.8 𝑚
Clear span along the long direction ℓ𝑏 = 4 𝑚
𝑓𝑐′ = 21 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦 = 275 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Use ℎ = 100 𝑚𝑚
Typical details for slabs with supporting beams
Exercise 4b:

Design a two-way slab with one edge discontinuous

along the short direction and one edge discontinuous
along the long direction (Coefficient Method Case 3)
using the following design criteria:
Factored ultimate uniform load = 16 𝑘𝑃𝑎
Clear span along short direction ℓ𝑎 = 3 𝑚
Clear span along the long direction ℓ𝑏 = 5 𝑚
𝑓𝑐′ = 28 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦 = 415 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Use ℎ = 120 𝑚𝑚