Chapter 32

LENY VICENTE-BAGUIO RN, MN

COLLEGE OF NURSING
XAVIER UNIVERSITY- ATENEO DE CAGAYAN
Growth and Development of a
School-Age Child #1

Physical growth
Sexual maturation
Sexual, physical
concerns
Concerns of girls
Concerns of boys
Teeth
Growth and Development of a
School-Age Child #2
Eruption Pattern of Permanent Teeth
 Growth and Development of a
School-Age Child #3

❖Developmental milestones
o Gross motor development
o Fine motor development
o Play
 Growth and Development of a
School-Age Child #4

❖Language development
❖Emotional development
 Growth and Development of a
School-Age Child #5

❖Developmental task: Industry vs. Inferiority

o Home
o School
o Structured activities
o Problem solving
o Living with others
 Growth and Development of a
School-Age Child #6

❖Socialization
❖Cognitive development
▪Decentering
▪Accommodation
▪Conservatism
▪Class inclusion
 Growth and Development of a
School-Age Child #7

❖Moral and spiritual development

oPreconventional reasoning
oRule orientation
 Parental Concerns During the School-Age
Years #1
❖Language development
❖Fears and anxiety
o School phobia
❖Home schooling
❖Lack of adult supervision
❖Sex education
 Parental Concerns During the
School-Age Years #2

• Stealing
• Violence or terrorism
• Bullying
• Recreational drug use
 Nursing Process: Development of the
School-Age Child

❖Assessment
❖Nursing diagnosis
❖Outcome identification and planning
❖Implementation
❖Outcome evaluation
 Assessing School-Age Children #1

❖Safety
❖Nutrition and diet
❖Dental caries and malocclusion
❖Speech problems
❖Fear and anxiety
❖Victim of violence, terrorism, and bullying
❖Drug use
Assessing School-Age Children #2
 Nursing Diagnoses: School-
Age Children

❖Health-seeking behaviors related to normal school-age

growth and development
❖Readiness for enhanced parenting related to improved
family living conditions
❖Anxiety related to slow growth pattern of child
❖Risk for injury related to deficient parental knowledge
about safety precautions for a school-age child
Health Promotion: Safety #1
Health Promotion: Safety #2
 Health Promotion: Nutrition

❖Establishing healthy eating patterns

❖Fostering industry and nutrition
❖Recommended dietary reference
intakes
❖Vegetarian diet
Health Promotion: Family
Functioning #1
Health Promotion: Family
Functioning #2
 Health Promotion: Family
Functioning #3

❖Sexual education
❖Reproductive organ function and physiology of
reproduction, so children understand what
menstruation is and why it occurs
❖Secondary sexual characteristics, so children will
understand what is happening in their bodies
❖Male sexual functioning, including why the
production of increased amounts of seminal fluid
leads to nocturnal emissions
 Health Promotion: Family
Functioning #4

❖Sexual education—(cont.)
❖The physiology of pregnancy and the
possibility for unintended pregnancies, which
will come with sexual maturity
❖Social and moral implications of sexual
maturity
Health Promotion: Family
Functioning #5

❖Stealing
o Early childhood stealing is best
handled without a great deal of
emotion.
o Shoplifting must be taken
seriously by parents.
o Parents should set good
examples.
 Health Promotion: Family
Functioning #6

❖Violence or terrorism
o Assure children they are safe.
o Observe for signs of stress.
o Do not allow children or adolescents to view
footage of traumatic events repeatedly.
o Watch news programs with children; explain the
situation portrayed.
o Prepare a family disaster plan; designate a “rally
point” to meet if ever separated.
Health Promotion: Family
Functioning # 7
Health Promotion: Family
Functioning #8

❖Recreational drug use

o Suspect if child regularly appears irritable,
inattentive, or drowsy.
o Counsel against use of steroids; highlight
future cardiovascular irregularities,
uncontrollable aggressiveness, and possible
cancer.
o Teach to recognize tobacco advertising
manipulation; caution against experimenting
with smokeless tobacco.
o Role model excellent nonsmoking health
behavior.
Health Promotion: Family
Functioning #9
 Question #1

An 8-year-old eats lunch daily in the school

cafeteria. Which is the best way to feel assured
that he will eat a balanced lunch daily?
A. Encourage him to include a vegetable daily.
B. Help him memorize a list of acceptable foods.
C. Teach him to eat everything on his plate.
D. Use visual aids to demonstrate appropriate food
selections.
 Question #2

A 10-year-old becomes very upset and

expresses sympathy for his friend whose
dog has just died. This kind of reaction is
an indication that he has achieved which
step in cognitive thought?
A.Conservation
B.Accommodation
C.Comprehension
D.Decentering
 Question #3

A 12-year-old recently began smoking cigarettes.

What patient teaching should the nurse provide at
a health maintenance visit?
A. Cigarette abuse invariably leads to other forms of drug
abuse.
B. Cigarette smoking is associated with long-term
respiratory and cardiovascular effects.
C. He or she will probably begin stealing to pay for
cigarettes.
D. At age 12 years, bone growth is severely retarded by
the effect of nicotine.