Oxidation n Reduction:-

Process deelectnonation called

¥-1
of is as oxidation .

In oxidation ,
increase in oxidation No .
take place .

eg :
2mg , > 22+2 + ze
-

-2
+ Ze
-

Czou > coz

# Rrocess called reduction

of electromotor is ax .

take
Decrease in oxidation No
place .

EI Getz + zé > Orcs)

Mnoñ + sé smntz

Redox Rrocess
9in
of oxidation and reduction
: -

take place
simultaneously in orxn .

these type of Axn are called as Redox 9×3 .

4 Cut? Ches +22+2

2mg , +
at
>
,

Zn

cult > Blue Colour

Solution
 Reduction

ex Czoña ,
+ mnoui >
Qzq , thinkaq
p
oxidation

Oxidant and Reluctant : .

# Substance which oxidize other and reduce

itself are called as oxidant or oxidizing

agent .

Similarly substance which reduce other and

oxidize called reductant
itself are ax or

reducing agent .

22$ , t ch
"
cues , + zn+2
e# ay
s
ay

Reductant Oxidant .

e± kzcnzoz * FEZ > 12+3 + Gt3

oxidant Rednctant .
Oxidation No:-
Real or
imaginary change present on element

is called as its oxidation No :( ON ) -

-
s
-

s
O 0 -2
e¥ ON
of
r =
s

"
•

I
•

It
1++8
= +
1--8 µ

"
Fe ON
eg of Fe +2
=

Rules for oxidation No : -

① Oxidation It but
No
of is
generally +1
,

it shows -1 ON when combined with metals .

e1 HU H2o etc
+ I ¥1

Halt Caltz
-
I -

② QN alkali alkaline earth

.

of metal and metal

one +1 and +2
respectively .

③ ON but
.

of Oxygen is
generally -2 ,
in

case peroxide and

superoxide it shows
of
-1 and Yz ON respectively
-

H2O
1=242.02
kmnqyet.ee#peroxide--o---o--i-Hz0z
¥ •
z
i ,

'
-

= -1
,
 e# Koz ,
Rboz etc Superoxide .

K K
- -

#
Oxygen when combine with F show tve

0.14 :

⇐ 1=20 ,
1=202
+2 + I

④ Oxidation No
of F is always -1 .

EI
. HF 1=20
-

I -
I

⑤ S shows variable QN .
-

but in case
of sulphide it shows ,
-2 014 .

in
and case
of perdinulphides.is shows
-

I 014 .

Hzs FeSz
¥
-2 -
p

⑥ In Natural or Uncombined slate ,

elements
show zero oxidation No .

Nz 1=2 Clz Hz 02 C B
¥ , , , , , , ,

so etc

⑦ Sum of 014
of
all elements , present in

compound is equal to the charm on that

compound .

2×1+2×0<+7×43--0
e# KzCIz0 > 2=+6

Mnoy ✗ +4 C- 2) 2=+7
-

✗ =
-
I
-
Examphoyoxidationnoi.kz
'cI?oy -

KzÉzo ,

11-2%04
Mtn 02
+2

Ku [ Ee @ 14767
+6

11-25-207
2.5

Naz 5106

ÉÉ Chits > ice

F- 03

(-1--311+4*+503)
-

ÉÑiy)g ]
*
No be neutral or
Naz No may
with *I change
0

[☐ i ¢015B

ÉÉy - - -

1+585
end
PIUG
-3
pou
120 >
-
-

+2

↳ ¢11B ) ,

1105

11-20-2

11-2505

KEO }

Maltz 104

-03

Hz It Us

Kmznou

Kz MI 04

MI 203
calcnlationojo.N.Usingstrnctwei.IO
for each covalent bond b/w two atom in

electronegative element
compound , more
will
get -1
Change and less electronegative
will
get +1
Chante .

014
of C +2
=

-13 -3 N =-3
ef H - C -=N
+I -1 It = +1

CHGCOOH
a-
+1
É_Éo
It
I -3 11

+ I
- r
-

H
1 -
I +1
+2
µ
+ I

✗ +3+2-4+1=0

2=0

② If there is coordinate bond b/w two atoms

⑨
If direction
of coordinate bond is from
less electronegative to more
electronegative .

then for each coordinate bond more

electronegative atom will get -2 Chante

and less electronegative will get +2 .

-
2

EI
1- I -

I +2¥
1+1403 H - O -
14=0
-

I +2 -2
+
I
014 of 14=1-5
0 = -2
+ ve
It =
 ⇐ Ko, let @D- ##
*

0*-0-0

⑥ If direction coordinate bond from

of is

less then
more
electronegative to
electronegative
distribution charm
no
of
+I -
I

e* H -

N
-2 +2