Experiment Title: Verification of Superposition Theorem

Objectives: To verify the superposition theorem theoretically, experimentally, and

using PSpice simulation.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 1: Circuit with all sources active.

Figure 2: Circuit with 10V source active.

Figure 3: Circuit with 5V source active.

 Figure 4: Circuit with 5V source active.

Table 1. Experimental Datasheet.

Measure Measure Measure Measured Measure Measure Measure Measure

d d d value of d d d d
Value of Value of Value of IL with all value of value of value of values of
E1 (V) E2 (V) E3 (V) sources IL1 with IL2 with IL3 with resistors
active(mA only E1 only E2 only E2 (ohm)
) active active active
(mA) (mA) (mA)

R1 =33
R2 =47
10 5 5 -4.27 12.16 14.74 -31.17 R3 =33
R4 =47
R5 =47
RL =68

Discussion and Analysis:

Pre-Lab data:
Theoretically calculated values are,
IL = -4.27 mA, IL1 = 12.16 mA, IL2 = 14.74 mA, IL3 = -31.17 mA.
Experimental data:
Measured values are,
IL = -4.27 mA, IL1 = 12.16 mA, IL2 = 14.74 mA, IL3 = -31.17 mA.
There are no differences between the theoretical values and the experimental measured
values. Pre-Lab data and experimental data are same.
 Answer of Post Lab Questions
1. Calculate the values of IL IL1 IL2 IL3 of the circuits of Figures 1 through 4 using the
measured values of E1 , E2 , E3 , R1 , R2 , R3 , R4 , R5 and RL. From the calculated values
show that the superposition theorem holds. Compare these calculated values of currents
with the experimental values and comment on any discrepancy observed.
Solution:

From figure 1 ,
Applying KVL at mesh 1:
33i1 +47i1 +33(i 1−i2 ) = 10-5
=>113i1 – 33i 2 = 5

Applying KVL at mesh 2:

33(i 2−i1) +47i 2 +47(i 2−i 3 ) = 5+5
=>-33i 1 +127i 2 –47i 3 = 10

Applying KVL at mesh 3:

47(i 3−i 2 ) + 68 i 3 = -5
=>-47i 2 + 115i 3 = -5

By calculating we get ,
i 1 = 72.26mA, i 2 = 95.93mA ,i 3= -4.27mA

here, I L =i 3= - 4.27mA
 From figure 2:

Applying KVL at mesh 1:

33i 1 +47i 1 +33(i 1−i2 ) = 10
=>113i 1 – 33i 2 = 10
Applying KVL at mesh 2:
33(i 2−i1) +47i 2 +47(i 2−i 3 ) = 0
=>-33i 1 +127i 2 –47i 3 = 0
Applying KVL at mesh 3:
47(i 3−i 2 ) + 68 i 3 = 0
=>-47i 2 + 115i 3 = 0
By calculating we get ,
i 1= 97.18mA , i 2 = 29.75mA , i 3 = 12.16mA

here , I L 1 = i 3 = 12.16mA

From Figure- 3:

Applying KVL at mesh 1:

33i 1 +47i 1 +33(i 1−i2 ) = -5
=>113i 1 – 33i 2 = -5
Applying KVL at mesh 2:
33(i 2−i1) +47i 2 +47(i 2−i 3 ) = 5
=>-33i 1 +127i 2 –47i 3 = 5
Applying KVL at mesh 3:
47(i 3−i 2 ) + 68 i 3 = 0
=>-47i 2 + 115i 3 = 0
 By calculating we get ,
i 1= -33.72 mA , i 2 = 36.08 mA , i 3 = 14.74 mA

here , I L 2 = i 3 = 14.74 mA

From Figure-4:

Applying KVL at mesh 1:

33i 1 +47i 1 +33(i 1−i2 ) = 0
=>113i 1 – 33i 2 = 0
Applying KVL at mesh 2:
33(i 2−i1) +47i 2 +47(i 2−i 3 ) = 5
=>-33i 1 +127i 2 –47i 3 = 5
Applying KVL at mesh 3:
47(i 3−i 2 ) + 68 i 3 = -5
=>-47i 2 + 115i 3 = -5
By calculating we get ,
i 1= 8.796 mA , i 2 = 30.12 mA , i 3 = -31.17 mA

here , I L 3 = i 3 = -31.17mA

The superposition theorem is,

 IL = IL1 + IL2 + IL3
= (12.16+14.74-31.17)mA
= -4.27 mA = IL
So, the superposition theorem holds. (showed).

Comparing the theoretical calculate values with the experimental values:

Theoretically calculate values are,
IL = -4.27 mA, IL1 = 12.16 mA, IL2 = 14.74 mA, IL3 = -31.17 mA.
Experimental measured values are,
IL = -4.27 mA, IL1 = 12.16 mA, IL2 = 14.74 mA, IL3 = -31.17 mA.
Comment: There are no differences between the theoretical values and the
experimental measured values.
2. Solve the circuits of Figures 1 through 4 using PSpice. Include the PSpice circuits with
only currents with only currents shown. From the PSpice solution show that the
superposition theorem holds. Compare the PSpice solutions with the theoretical
solutions and comment on any discrepancy found.
Solution: Solving the circuits of Figures 1 through 4 using PSpice:
For figure 1:

Figure 1: Circuit with all sources active.

From the figure 1: IL = -4.27 mA.

For figure 2:

Figure 2: Circuit with E1 source active.

From the figure 2: IL1 = 12.16 mA.
For figure 3:

Figure 3: Circuit with E2 source active.

From the figure 3: IL2 = 14.74 mA.

For figure 4:

Figure 4: Circuit with source active.

From the figure 4: IL3 = -31.17 mA.

The superposition theorem is,

IL = IL1 + IL2 + IL3
= (12.16+14.74-31.17) mA
= -4.27 mA = IL
So, the superposition theorem holds. (showed).

Compare the PSpice solutions with the theoretical solutions:

PSpice measured values are,

IL = -4.27 mA, IL1 = 12.16 mA, IL2 = 14.74 mA, IL3 = -31.17 mA.

Theoretical calculate values are,

IL = -4.27 mA, IL1 = 12.16 mA, IL2 = 14.74 mA, IL3 = -31.17 mA.

Comment: There are no differences between the PSpice measured values and the
theoretically calculate values.