CE 3342 - Water Resources Engineering

Babak Alizadeh, Ph.D.

2021
The University of Texas at Arlington
Classes, instructor and TA
 Classes: Online
 Instructor: Babak Alizadeh (babak.alizadeh@uta.edu)
 Office Hours 3:00 PM-6:00 PM, Fridays with
appointment

 TA: TBD
 TA office: TBD
 TA Hours: TBD
Reading Materials
 Textbook – Water Resources Engineering, Larry W.
Mays, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN : 978-0-
470-46064-1

 Other references and reading material will also be

assigned as necessary.
Course Content (CE3342) (3-0)
 CE3342 – WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (3 - 0)
Hydrologic cycle, precipitation, evapotranspiration, water
budget, rainfall-runoff, hydrographs, groundwater flow,
catchment hydrology, probability concepts in design,
hydrologic modeling, open channel hydraulics, pumps.
Grade of C or better in CE 3301; grade of C or better in
CE 3305; concurrent enrollment in CE 3142
Expectations -1
 Understand what water resources engineering is, about and
for

 Be familiar with the key elements of hydrologic cycle,

the basics of catchment hydrology and groundwater
hydrology

 Use appropriate methodologies and techniques to calculate

stormwater runoff and water distribution
Expectations -2
 Understand the principles of hydrologic/hydraulic
design and watershed management

 Gain knowledge of open channel flow and pump design

 Students are expected to deliver homework and finish 2

exams.
 Grading Policy and Course Structure
Grading Policy Course Structure

 90-100% A  Homework 30%

 80-90% B  Midterm Exam 30%
 70-80% C  Final Exam 40%
 60-70% D Total 100%
 <60% F

The instructor reserves the right to adjust the grade distribution, policy and structure.
Exam Dates
Two Scheduled Exams

 Exam 1 Hydrology Section

 Final Comprehensive (Hydrology and Hydraulics Sections)
Water Resources Engineering
 Sources of water that are useful or potentially
useful to humans
 Agricultural
 Industrial
 Residential & Commercial
 Recreational
 Water demand and supply issues
 Fresh water = renewable resource
 Water balance computations
 Awareness of preserving water for ecosystems
 Water in developing countries – global problem
Water Resources Engineering
 Also called as water resource
management
 To cover two perspectives
 Water Supply Management
 Water Excess Management
 Two major processes
 Hydrologic
 Hydraulic
Ingredients of water resources management
Water Supply System
Water Use Systems
 Spatial and temporal distribution in
support of human habitation
 Water supply/treatment/distribution
 Waste water collection/treatment/discharge
 Capacity is based on POPULATION
served
 hydraulic dominated designs
Major Purposes of Water Use
Estimated water use in the United States
Flow Types in Water Resources
 Open channel flow (from overland runoff)
 Pipe flow (non-pressurized vs. pressurized)
 Groundwater flow
Water Reserves on the Earth
Sources of Water
Aquifers (Groundwater)
• Primary source of drinking water
• Porous consolidated rock or
unconsolidated soil
• Groundwater fills spaces
• Wells and pumps used to remove
water

Aquifer

This image was reproduced from groundwater.org with the permission of

The Groundwater Foundation. © 2010 The Groundwater Foundation. All
Rights Reserved
Courtesy USGS at
http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1139/htdocs/boxa.htm
Dynamics of Actual Water Availability
in Different Regions of the World
Sources of Water
Surface Water
• Lakes, reservoirs, rivers
• Rivers dammed to create reservoirs
• Reservoirs store water during heavy
rain/snow Courtesy USDA
http://www.ks.nrcs.usda.gov/news/highlights/2006_april.html

©iStockphoto.com

Courtesy NASA
http://www.ghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/surface_hydrology/water_ma Lake Tuscaloosa Dam
nagement.html
Dynamics of Water Use in the
World by Human Activity
Annual Runoff and Water
Consumption by Continents
Water Treatment

 Amount of treatment
depends on quality of the
source
 Ground water requires
less treatment than
surface water
Courtesty USGS http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3069/

The city of Salem water treatment

facility withdraws water from the
North Santiam River.
Water Storage

Pumped to Storage Tank

• Storage
• Water pressure
o psi
o 1 psi = 2.31 feet of water

NOAA
http://www.csc.noaa.gov/alternatives/infrastructure.html
Hydrology
 The study of the occurrence, circulation,
storage and distribution of surface and
ground water on the earth.
 Areas of focus:
 Hydrologic cycle
 Fluid dynamics
 Hydrodynamics
 Water resource engineering
 Water quality
 Contaminant transport
 The Hydrologic Cycle
 Continuous process in which water is evaporated from water surfaces
and oceans, moves in land and precipitation is produced
 The Hydrologic Cycle
 Precipitation (P) – Rainfall, snow, etc.
 Evaporation (E) – conversion of water to water vapor from a water
surface
 Transpiration (T) – loss of water vapor through plant tissue and leaves
 Infiltration (F) – water entering the soil system, function of soil
moisture, soil type
 Ground water (G) – flows in
porous media in the subsurface
 Runoff (R) – Overland flow,
portion of precipitation that does
not infiltrate
History
 Water resource projects dating as far back as
4000 BC
 Dam built across the Nile
 First systemic flow measurement in U.S. in 1888
by USGS
 1930s-1950s saw a boom in hydrologic knowledge
in US
 Post 1950, scientists gained a greater
understanding of the effects of urbanization in
regards to hydrology
 Computer advances have allowed for modeling of
complex hydrologic and hydraulic problems
The Watershed
 Definition: Contiguous area that drains
to an outlet, specifically in regards to
precipitation
 Basic hydrologic unit within which all
measurements, calculations and
predictions are made
 Water Balance

 I – Q = (dS/dt)
 I = Inflow (L3/t)
 Q = outflow (L3/t)
 dS/dt = change in storage
(L3/t)

 Volume out of watershed =

 (flow rate)*(time) OR
 (depth)*(watershed area)
Water Balance
 P – R – G – E – T = ΔS
 P = Precipitation
 R = Surface Runoff
 G = Groundwater Flow
 E = Evaporation
 T = Transpiration
 ΔS = Change in Storage

 Water balance for each area is different

 Characteristics of the area alter how water
leaves watershed or basin
 Parameters that Affect Response in a
Watershed
Floodplain Divide
1. Rainfall intensity and duration
2. Size, Slope, Shape, Soil, Storage
3. Channel morphology
Reservoir
4. Location of Developments
5. Land use and cover Natural
stream
6. Soil type Urban

7. Percent impervious

Floodplain Concrete
channel
Rainfall Response in a Watershed
Storm Rainfall (in/hr) Floodplain Divide

1.5 2.0 0.5

Confluence

Q
Channeliized
& stream
P
Urban

Concrete
Hydrograph channel

Time
Urbanization Effect in a Watershed
Increase Peak
Decrease timing Floodplain Divide
Loss of Storage

Confluence

Q
Channeliized
& stream
P Natural
Urban

Concrete
channel

Time
 Watershed Hydraulics
Floodplain
Divide
D
QD
Tributary

Reservoir Confluence C
QC
Main Stream

B
QB

A
QA
Cross Sections

Cross Sections
Rainfall Runoff
 Want to develop relationship of rainfall
minus losses vs. runoff for flood control
 Allows hydrologists to determine flood conditions
based upon rainfall totals
Rainfall Runoff
 Rational Method
 Simplest rainfall-runoff formulas
 QP = CiA
○ QP = peak flow (cfs)
○ C = runoff coefficient, varies with land use
○ i = rainfall intensity (in/hr) for a duration equal to
time of concentration (tc)
○ tc = time for a wave of water to propagate from the
most distant point of a watershed to the outlet
○ A = area of watershed (acres)