NjNte;jpu Fy Ntshsu;fs; milahs murpaypy; vq;Nf njhiye;jhu;fs;?

“rhjpfs; ,y;iyab ghg;gh

Fy jho;r;rp cau;r;rp nrhy;tJ ghtk;” vd;whu; ghujp.
fU cUthtjpYk; NtWghby;iy. gpwg;G epfo;tpYk; NtWghby;iy. ,we;jgpd; clk;G
moptjpYk; NtWghby;iy. Mdhy;> thOk; NghJjhd; vt;tsT NtWghL?

“rhjpfs; cs;sjb ghg;gh

Fy jho;r;rp cau;r;rp nrhy;tNj tPuk;”
vd;W Clfq;fshYk; rpy jw;FwpfshYk; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; gug;gg;gl;Ls;sJ. milahs
murpaypy; gypahfptpl;l ,df;FOf;fs;jhd; xLf;fg;gl;L gl;baypy; milf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
rhjp xopg;Ng kf;fs; tpLjiy vd;W mz;zy; mk;Ngj;fu; $wpapUe;jhYk; me;j rhjpia
ek;khy; ,d;Dk; xopf;fKbatpy;iy vd;gNj frg;ghd cz;ik. mNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ>
rpdpkh Nghd;w r%f Clfq;fshy; vz;nza; Cw;wp NkYk; tsu;f;fg;gl;Nl tUfpd;wJ
vd;whYk; mJ kpifay;y. Mf> rkj;Jtkw;w kw;Wk; rhjp xopf;fg;glhj ,r;r%fj;jpy;
xLf;fg;gl;l rhjpfis kl;Lk; rhjpia xopf;fr; nrhy;tjpy; epahak; ,Ug;gjhfj;
njupatpy;iy. milahs murpay; NkNyhq;fptpl;l ,e;j rkepiyaw;w r%fj;jpy; jd;
,Ug;igj; jf;f itf;fTk;> jd; re;jjpapdiu ghJfhf;fTk; xLf;fg;gl;l r%fk; jd;
milahsj;ij kPl;nlLj;J fhy #oYf;F Vw;w tifapy; jw;fhg;G eltbf;if vLg;gij
jtnwd;W ahUk; nrhy;yptplKbahJ. me;j tifapy; gs;su; vd;w NjNte;jpu Fy
Ntshsu;fs; vd;w rhjpapdu;> jdJ Ke;ija tuyhw;iwf; fz;lwpe;J jdJ rhjpia
xLf;fg;gLjypypUe;J jw;fhj;Jf; nfhs;s ngau; khw;wk; kw;Wk; gl;bay; ntspNaw;wk;
Nghd;w eltbf;iffis vLj;JtUfpd;wdu;. Vndd;why;> Ks;is Ks;shy;jhNd vLf;f
Ntz;Lk;!!

Mdhy;> NjNte;jpu Fy Ntshsu;fspd; gl;bay; ntspNaw;wj;ij jLg;gJ vd;gij

kl;Lk; ,yf;fhf epu;zapj;J rpy Clfq;fs;> mikg;Gfs; kw;Wk; rpy ,df;FOf; fs;
fLikahf ciof;fpd;whu;fs;. mtu;fSf;Fk; jkpo; r%fj;jpw;Fk; tpopg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;
tpjkhfNt ,f;fl;Liu vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ.

xU nghUis njhiyj;jhy; njhiyj;j ,lj;jpy; jhd; Njl Ntz;Lk; vd;W

ngupNahu;fs; nrhy;ypAs;sdu;. mjdbg;gilapy;> NjNte; jpu Fy Ntshsu;fs; milahs
murpaypy; vq;F njhiye;jhu;fs;? vd;W Ma;T nra;a ,wq;fpNdd;. cs;sq;if
ney;ypf;fdpNghy;> NjNte;jpu Fy Ntshsu; r%fj;ij rhu;e;j kw;Wk; rhuhj gy
vOj;jhsu;fs;> mr;r%f epiy gw;wp ey;y tplaq;fs; vOjp ,Ue;jhYk;> mtw;wpw;nfy;yhk;
,e;Jj;Jth rhak; G+rg;gl;bUg;gjhy;> (nghwhikNah my;yJ jypj; murpaNyh my;yJ
Mjpf;fthj murpaNyh my;yJ kj murpaNyh> vJ fhuzNkh??!! mJ vJthfTk;

Page 1 of 6
,Ue;Jtpl;L Nghfl;Lk;..!) mtw;iw rw;W js;sp itj;Jtpl;L> ekJ nrhe;j Kaw;rpapy;
Nkw;$wpa Nfs;tpf;F tpil Njlyhk; vd;W KbntLj;Njd;. mjd;gb> Kjw;fl;lkhf gpupl;B];
,e;jpahtpd; "kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;G" Mtzq;fis fle;j rpy ehl;fshf
ghu;itapl;Nld;.

Kjd; Kjypy; 1871-y; gpupl;B]; ,e;jpah rhjpthupahd kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg; ig

elj;jpaJ. mjpy;> fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Vw;fdNt cs;s ,e;J tu;zhrpuk Kiwapy;
rhjpthup fzf;fPL Nkw;nfhs;stJ vd;W nrd;]]; Mizaufj;jjhy; KbntLj;Js;sJ.

1.gpuhkpd;

2.~j;jpupah

3.it];ah

4.R+j;uh

5.jPz;lj;jfhNjhu; (Outcaste)

R+j;uh gpuptpy; 12 tiffs; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. mjpy;> 1 kw;Wk; 6-MtJ gpuptpy; KiwNa

"Ntshsu;fs; (Agriculture Cultivators)” kw;Wk; “tptrhaf; $ypfs; (Agriculture Labourers)”
vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. jPz;lj;jfhNjhu; (Outcaste) vd;w gpuptpy; giwau; rhjpapdu;
kl;LNk Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;gpy; ,uz;L Kf;fpa Nfhupf;iffs; xU Mtzj;jpd;

%yk; nrd;]]; fkprdu; Kd; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. m. rhzhu; rhjpapdu;> jhq;fs; "Warrior
Caste" vd;Wk;> jq;nfSf;nfd;W ehzak; ,Ue;jjhfTk; $wp "R+j;uhtpy;" mtu;fis
itf;ff;$lhJ vd;W NfhupAs;sdu;. nrd;]]; fkprdu; mtu;fis "descendants from the
Aryan Kshathriya" vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. M. td;dpau;/gs;sp rhjpiar; rhu;e;j mwpQu; xUtu;
rku;g;gpj;j me;j Mtzj;jpy;> jhq;fs; ,k;kz;iz Mz;ltu;fs; kw;Wk; tptrhaf; Fbfs;.
vq;fis "R+j;uhtpy;" itf;ff;$lhJ vd;W Nfhupf;iftpLj;Js;shu;. ,Ug;gpDk;> mit
fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy.

nrd;]]; fkprdu;> rhjp mikg;igg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ "unmistakable evidence

of Brahminical Origin" vd;W $wpAs;shu;. NkYk;> "njd;dpe;jpahtpy; cs;s kf;fis>
gpuhkzpaj;jpw;F Copak; ghu;f;f itf;f mtu;fs; vLj;j Kaw;rp tl,e;jpahitg; Nghy;
gypf;ftpy;iy. mtu;fs;> giwau;fspd; G+rhupfsplj;jpy; nry;ytpy;iy vdpy; mtu;fs;
(gpuhkzu;fs;) gl;bdp fple;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;" vd;Wk; $wpAs;shu;. ,ij> ehk;>

Page 2 of 6
"njd;dpe;jpahtpy; gpuhkzpaj;jpd; Gwthry; EioT" vd;W fUj ,lkspf;fpd;wJ vd;gij
kWf;fKbahJ.

kjuh]; gpurpnld;rpapy; rhjp vd;gJ "tlq;if" (Privileged)> ",lq;if" vd;W

,Ue;Js;sJ. mjpy;> gs;sp (Mz;fs;)> giwau; tlq;ifapy; ,Ue;Js;sdu;. ,e;j
nrd;]]py; xU ,lk; jtpu NtW vq;Fk; "gs;sd;" vd;fpw thu;j;ij Ntnwq;Fk; ,y;iy.
,Ug;gJk;> giwaupd; cl;gpupthf nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J gjpT nra;ag;gl;l ,lq;fspy;
jtwhf "giwaupd; cl;gpupthf gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;fyhk;" vd;gjw;F mNj nrd;]];
Mtzj;jpNyNa Mjhuk; cs;sJ.

Mjhuk;:

giwaupy;> 26 tpOf;fhl;bdu; nrq;fy;gl;L> njd;dhw;fhL khtl;lq;fspy;

,Ue;Js;sdu;. 10 tpOf;fhl;bdu; kl;LNk kJiu> jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lq;fspy;
,Ue;Js;sdu;. Mdhy;> Vw;fdNt td;dpau; ,dj;ijr; rhu;e;j mwpQupd; Nfhupf;iff;F
khwhf> gs;sp rhjpapdu; td;dpau; jtpu;j;J jdpahfTk; fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sdu;. gs;sp
rhjpapdu;> 3>67>889 (20%) vd;w mstpy; jpUney;Ntypapy; ,Ue;Js;sjhf 1871-y; gjpT
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. me;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; td;dpau;fs; jpUney;Ntyp gFjpfspy; ,e;j
mstpw;F ,Ue;jjpw;F Ntnwq;Fk; gjpTfs; ,y;iy. NkYk;> fle;j 100 Mz;Lfspy;
VNjDk; ngupa kf;fs;njhif ,lkhw;wk; njw;fpypUe;J tlf;F Nehf;fp gs;sp rhjpapy;
ele;jpUf;fpd;wjh vd;W ghu;f;f> Nryk; khtl;l kf;fs; njhifia Ma;T nra;jjpy;> 1871-
NyNa td;dpau;fs; 5>04>571 vd;wstpy; ,Ue;Js;sdu;. ,e;j vz;zpf;if ,d;iwa td;dpau;
njhiff;F Vw;gNt cs;sJ.

NkYk;> Mjuhkhf 1881 nrd;]]py; kpfj; njspthf "mk;kh gs;sd;> mQ;iQ

gs;sd;" cs;spl;l midj;Jg; gs;supdKk; "gs;sp" rhjpapNyNa (Order-9 [Agri Labour]>
Sub-Order-9 [Palli]) fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ (1881, Census of India, Madras Presidency, Vol-4,
Page 55-65). 1881-y; td;dpau; 10>75>386 vd;wstpYk; gs;sp rhjpapdu; 12>94>982 vd;wstpYk;
,Ue;Js;sdu;. Mdhy;> 1901 kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;gpy; jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lj;jpy;
gs;sp rhjpapdu; 1>217 vd;w mstpy; kl;LNk ,Ue;jjhf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J> 1871
fzf;nfLg;gpDld; xg;gpl;lhy; kpf nrhw;gNk MFk;. Mf> rpy ,lq;fspy; kl;Lk; gs;su;
vd;w ,dk; jtwhf giwaupd; cl;gpupthf Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gJ njspthtNjhL
gs;su; vd;w rhjp gs;sp vd;w td;dpaupd; xU gpupNt vd;gJk; cWjpahfpd;wJ.

1891 nrd;]]py; jhd; gs;supdk; jdpahf fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sdu;. me;j Mz;L 8.25

yl;rk; gs;su;fs; ,Ue;Js;sjhf fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpy; jhd; gs;supy; 200 cl;gpupTfs;
cs;sJ vd;Wk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. me;j Mz;by;jhd; NjNte;jpug;gs;sd; vd;W Rkhu; 70>000
egu;fs; gjptpl;Ls;sdu;. Mdhy;> ,k;Kiw (1891) td;dpaiuAk; tl jkpofj;jpd; gs;spia

Page 3 of 6
kl;Lk; xd;wpizj;J "gs;spahff;" fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sdu;. njd;jkpofj;jpd; gs;sp tifapdu;
gs;suhff; fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sdu;. Mf> gs;su; kW milahsg;gLj;jg;gl;L> gs;sp
rhjpapypUe;J gpupf;fg;gl;lJ 1891 nrd;]]py;jhd; vd;gJ ep&gzkhfpd;wJ. NjNte;jpu Fy
Ntshsu; milahs murpaypy; njhiye;j ,lKk; ,q;Fjhd;. xUNtis gs;sp rhjpapd;
xU gpupthfNt gs;su; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; NjNte;jpu Fy Ntshsu; r%fk; tsu;r;rp
mile;jpUf;Fk;. 1980-90-fspy; "tlf;Nf td;dpau; njw;Nf NjNte;jpuu;" vd;W Nfhrkpl;L>
rupahf NjNte;jpu Fy Ntshsu; njhiyj;j ,lj;jpypUe;Jjhd; mtu;fsJ murpay;
kPl;nlLg;igj; Jtf;fpAs;shu;fs;. Mdhy;> kWgbAk; jpuhtpl murpay; R+o;r;rpf;Fg;
gypahfptpl;lhu;fs;.

,jpy; NkYk; ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba tplak; vd;dntdpy;> 1891-y; 8.25 yl;rkhf

,Ue;j gs;supdk; 1901-Yk; mNj mstpy;jhd; ,Ue;Js;sdu;. 1911-y; 8.66 yl;rkhf ,Ue;j
gs;su;fs;> 1921-Yk; 8.63 yl;rkhfNt ,Ue;Js;sdu;. Mdhy;> 1891-y; 20>59>466 vd;W ,Ue;j
giwau; ,dk; 1901-y; 21>52>840 vd;Wk; 1921-y; 23>87>041 vd;Wk; ,Ue;Js;sJ. gs;supdk;
Fiwthf fzf;fplg;gl;ljpw;F rhjp khw;wp gjpT nra;jJ kw;Wk; kjkhw;wk; Nghd;wit
fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;.

1921-d; nrd;]]py;jhd; R+j;uhtpw;F gjpyhf "xLf; fg;gl;l gpuptpdu; (Depressed

Classes)" vd;W cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. mjpy;> ,jw;F Kd; R+j;uhtpy; ,Ue;j gs;sp Nghd;w
rhjpfs; ,jpy; ,y;iy. Mdhy;> gs;su; kw;Wk; ehlhu; xLf;fg;gl;l gpuptpNyNa njhlu;e;jdu;.
1921-d; nrd;]]py;jhd; Mjpjpuhtplu; vd;w Gjpa rhjp 50>015 egu;fshy; gjpT
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mij> giwau;fs; jq;fs; rhjpapd; ngaiu khw;w vLj;j
eltbf;ifahfNt nrd;]]; fkprdu; $wpAs;shu;. 1931-y; gs;supdj;jpYk;
NjNte;jpuFyj;jhd; vd;W 4>000 egu;fs; gjpT nra;Js;sdu;.

1891-w;F gpwF 1931 tiu fpUj;Jtk; kpfg;ngupastpy; tsu;rr

; paile;Js;sJ vd;gJk;
gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. kjkhw;wj;jpid tsu;g;gjw;fhf> ,e;J kjj;jpy; rhjpaj;
jPz;lhikf;F vz;nza; Cw;wp tsu;f;fg;gLfpd;wjh vd;gJ Fwpj;J NkYk; mwpe;J nfhs;s
jdpNa Ma;T nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy;> rhjp xU cstpay; gpur;rpidahfj;
jpzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mJ ",e;J kjk;" vd;W cUthtjw;F Kd;dNu> "Mz;lhd; mbik"
vd;w Nkhrkhdj; jj;Jtj;jpYk;> fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; gz;ghl;by; NtWgl;l ,dq;fs;
gilnaLg;gpd; NghNjh my;yJ tpahghuj;jpd; NghNjh fyf;Fk; NghJ> gof;ftof;fq;fis
kWjypj;Jk;/eifg;gpw;Fs;shf;fpAk; Vw;wj;jho;T cUthfpapUf;fyhk;. mJ gpd;dhspy;
rhjpahfg; gupzkpj;jpUf;fyhk; vd;W fUJfpd;Nwd;.

1935-y;; gy;NtW fkprd; mwpf;iffs;> tl;l Nki[ khehLfSf;Fg; gpwF

cUthf;fg;gl;l rl;lj;jpy;> "xLf;fg;gl;l gpuptpdu; (Depressed Classes)" vd;gJ "ml;ltiz

Page 4 of 6
gpuptpdu; (Scheduled Castes)" Mf kWtiuaiw nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. 1931-d; nrd;]]py;
"xLf;fg;gl;Nlhu; gpuptpy; (Depressed Classes)"-y; ,Ue;j ehlhu;> 1936-y; ntspaplg;gl;l
“gl;bay; gpuptpy; (SC)” ehlhu; rhjp ,y;iy vd;gij ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. Mf>
"xLf;fg;gl;l tFg;gpy; (Depressed Classes)"-y; tuhj "gs;sp/td;dpau; rhjp"> "xLf;fg;gl;l
tFg;gpy; (Depressed Classes)"-y; ,lk;ngw;W> "gl;bay; tFg;gpy; (Scheduled Castes)"-y;
,lk;ngwhj "ehlhu;" Mfpa ,uz;L rhjpfisAk; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ> "milahsg;gLj;Jjypy;
,Ue;J" jg;gpj;j rhjpfs; fzprkhd mstpy; r%f nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp mile;Js;sijf;
fz;$lhfg; ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;.

Mdhy;> NjNte;jpu Fy Ntshsu;fs; rhjpthupahd fzf;nfLg;gpd; NghJk; gl;bay;

gpupT cUthf;fj;jpd; NghJk; rupahd jiyik ,d;wp jkf;Fupa ,lj;ijAk; cupikiaAk;
,oe;J gl;baypy; milgl;L cupikf;Fk; rYiff;Fk; tpj;jpahrk; njupahky;
cod;Wnfhz;bUf;fpd;wdu;.

NjNte;jpu Fy Ntshsu;fs; kf;fs; njhiff; Fiwthff; fzf;fplg;gl;ljpw;fhd

fhuzk;:

1. gyu; gs;spahf ,Ue;J td;dpauhf khwptpl;ldu;

2. rpyu; Mjpjpuhtplu;fshf khwptpl;ldu;

3. kjkw;wk;

fhuzq;fs; vJthf ,Ue;jhYk;> njhiye;j milahsj;ij kPl;nlLj;J r%f tsu;r;rp ngw

NjNte;jpu Fy Ntshsu; r%fk; Kida Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F 80 Mz;LfSf;Fs;NsNa
,uz;L rhjpfis cjhuzk; fhl;bahfptpl;lJ. NkYk;> gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l> kpfTk;
gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l kw;Wk; gl;bay; Nghd;w ,lxJf;fPL gl;bay;fs; kDtpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s
gbepiyiaNa gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. ,d;Dk; njspthfr; nrhy;y Ntz;Lkhdhy;> ,lxJf;fL
P
gl;bay;fs; xU “etPd kDf; nfhs;if” vd;gNj vdJ ghu;it. fpl;ljl;l midj;J
r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,lxJf;fPL mspf;fg;gl;Ls;s epiyapy;> rkkw;w Muk;gg; Gs;spapid kiwj;J>
,lxJf;fPL vd;gJ kw;w ,dq;fSf;Fupaij gwpj;J VNjh gl;bay; gpuptpdUf;F kl;Lk;
toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ NghyTk; gl;bay; gpupit xNu rhjpahf cUkhw;wp gpk;gg;gLj;jpAk;
jtwhd cstpay; jhf;fj;jpid ,r;r%fj;jpy; jpl;lkpl;L elj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. elj;jg;gl;Lk;
tUfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> mNjNtisapy; gpw;gl;l kw;Wk; kpfTk; gpw;gl;l gpuptpdu; xNu rhjpahf
gpk;gg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. ,e;j cstpay; jhf;fk;> gl;bay; gpuptpdupd; jd;dk;gpf;ifiaAk;
RakupahijiaAk; mirj;Jg; ghu;ff
; pd;wJ vd;why; kpifay;y. Mf> ,g;NghJ fpilf;Fk;
fpyhf;fha;f;fhf jk;ik jypj;jhf milahsg;gLj;j NjNte;jpu Fy Ntshsu;fs;
Kide;jhu;fisnadpy;> jdpegu; tsu;r;rp Ntz;Lkhdhy; elf;fyhk;. Mdhy;> mr;rhjp

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vg;NghJk; r%f tsu;r;rp mila KbahJ. clNd jypj;ijf; fPo;ikahf epidf;fpd;Nwd;
my;yJ mtkhdg;gLj;Jfpd;Nwd; vd;W $r;ry; Ntz;lhk;. midtUk; rf kdpju;fNs.
midtUk; rkj;Jtkhf tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj vdJ Nehf;fk;. Mdhy;> jFjpahdtu;fs;
kl;LNk capu; tho Ntz;Lk; (Survival of Fittest) vd;gij jj;Jtkhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ltpl;l
Nghuhl;l r%ff; fsj;jpy; NjNte;jpu Fy Ntshsu;fs; r%f tsu;r;rp mila
Ntz;Lnkdpy;> ,g;NghJs;s milahs/kj/fhg;NghNul; murpay; Nghf;fpid fUj;jpy;
nfhz;L> mjw;Nfw;g tho;tpd; topKiwia khw;wp milahsj;ij kPl;nlLq;fs;
vd;fpd;NwNd xopa jypj;ijf; fPo;ikgLj;j KaYq;fs; vd;wy;y. NkYk;> gl;bay;
ntspNaw;wk; murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jhy; Kbahjjy;y. Nfushtpy; fpl;lj;jl;l 10 rhjpfs;
gl;baiytpl;L ntspNawpAs;sdu;. ,e;j r%ff; fsj;jpy; rkj;JtKk; cupikAk; kl;Lkpd;wp
rf kdpjdpd; kupahijAk; Kf;fpak;. khw;wk; xd;Nw khwhjJ! khw;wNk Vw;wj;ijj; jUk; !!

fl;Liuahsu;:

jpUkjp. ghujp khupag;gd;> M.Tech.,

nghwpapay; MNyhrfu;>
2/794-A> E.B.fhydp>
#yf;fiu> tpUJefu;-626003.
bharathi8486@gmail.com

Mob: 94875-58399.

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