Most people think that you need to learn the writing in your schools and early college.

And there no
need to go for such courses after that.

The Craft of Writing Effectively

As emerging scholars, perfecting the craft of writing is an essential component of developing
as graduate students, and yet resources for honing these skills are largely under utilized.

Stop thinking about rules and start thinking about readers

Figure 1: Writers thinks and writes in horizontal way but the readers sees in vertical way

The challenge: the way that experts do their writing (to help with their thinking) is different to
the way that readers can understand

6. The consequences - 1. readers need to slow down and re-read many times 2. readers can't
understand or misunderstand 3. readers give up.

Teachers read things bcoz they are paid not to learn or change their thinking about the world.
SO in your life you haven’t written something for the actual readers. The rules where you have
learnt about writing generated in the system where somebody is paid to care about you.

Readers read things that are valuable to them.

ORDER OF IMPORTANT THINGS IN WRITING:

If its clear organized or persuasive but useless then its useless.

NO ONE CARES ABOUT INSIDE OF YOUR HEAD WHILE YOU ARE EXPLAINING SOMETHING.

If you think that writing is communicating your ideas to the readers ITS NOT.

Writing is not about communicating your ideas, it is about changing readers' ideas.

Nothing will be accepted as knowledge or understanding until it has been challenged by

people who have the competence to challenge.

A piece of writing is important, not because it is new and original(THAT’S WHY MOST PEOPLE
ARE NOT INTERESTED IN SCIENCE); It is because it has value to some readers or gives some
knowledge.

READ15 MINS OF ARTICLES EVERYDAY AND UNDERLINE THE WORDS THAT BRINGS VALUE

Eg- widely, accepted, and reported

Writing is not about to express what is in our head, it is about changing other people's
thoughts

Flow/transition words can help to make writing preservative and organized: and, but, because,
unless, nonetheless, however, although, etc.

The instability words that create tension/challenge: anomaly, inconsistent, but, however,
although

Bad writing style: backgroud+thesis and a better style: problem+solution.

Scientists produces text. So they need to learn and master writing.

ERRORS AND INSIGHTS

But reducing errors is not the only way to improve. 
We'll also make sure we increase our insight

 good writing involves: consistently making good decisions. 

Decisions about words, decisions about structure, 
and decisions about the different aims of drafting and editing.

To really excel, we need to develop some insights—a new, more advanced set of compositional
skills, strategies, and intuitions.
Make a list of three to five of your most common errors and keep it in a place that you can both
easily access and regularly add to. A small journal or diary will work well. It doesn’t have to be
fancy. It doesn’t have to be expensive. It just needs to be something you can consistently use to
collect and evaluate the things you most need to improve.

I recommend you divide your errors into two categories: (1) Mechanics and (2) Process.

 The Mechanics Category should be filled with errors like being too wordy or
improperly using semi-colons.

 The Process Category should be filled with errors like failing to protect yourself
from interruptions when writing or not reading your work out loud before
submitting it.