DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING, VNIT, Nagpur

(CSL311) Computer Architecture & Organization

Mid Semester Examination Winter 2020 V Sem B.Tech. (ECE)

Duration: 60 Minutes Max Marks : 25

NOTE : 1. Solve ALL questions.

2. Clearly write all the necessary steps for finding the solution.
1. A. Refer to processor cache, as shown in figure. Suppose that the execution time (3)
of the program is directly proportional to instruction access time and that
access to an instruction in the cache is 20 times faster than access to an
instruction in the main memory. Assume that a requested instruction is found
in the cache with probability 0.96, and also assume that if an instruction is not
found in the cache, it must be fetched from memory to the cache and then
fetched from the cache to be executed. Compute the ratio of program execution
time without cache to program execution time with the cache. This ratio is
usually the speedup factor in the presence of the cache.

B. If the size of the cache is doubled, assume that the probability of not finding a (3)
requested instruction there is cut to half. Repeat the part for a doubled cache
size.

2. A. Convert the following pairs of decimal numbers to 5 bit, signed, 2’s (3)
complement binary numbers and add them. State whether or not overflow
occurs in each case.
i. 5 &10
ii. -14 & 11
iii. -10 & -13

3. Write a program that evaluates the expression “A * B + C * D” in a single (3)

accumulator processor. Assume that the processor has load, store, multiply and
add instructions, and that all values fit in the instruction.

4. Register R5 is used in the program to point to the top of the stack. Write the
sequence of instruction using the index, auto increment and auto decrement
 addressing modes to perform each of the following task:
A. Pop the top two items off the stack add them and then push the result onto the (2)
stack.

B. Copy the 5th item from the top into the register R3. (1)

C. Remove the top 10 items from the stack. (2)

5. A. Consider a processor having four types of instruction classes, A, B, C and D, (3)

with the corresponding CPI values 2, 1.5, 2.5 and 3 respectively. The processor
runs at a clock rate of 2.5 GHz. For a given program, the instruction counts for
the four types of instructions are 40, 25, 15 and 20 million respectively.
Calculate the MIPS rating of the processor.

6. A. Consider an array of numbers A (i, j), where i=0 through n-1 is the row index (4)
and j=0 through m-1 is the column index. The array is stored in the memory of
a computer one row after another, with elements of each row occupying m
successive word locations. Assume that the memory is byte addressable and
that the word length is 32 bits. Write a subroutine for adding column x to
column y, element by element, leaving the sum elements in column y. The
indices x and y are passed to the subroutine in register R1 and R2. The
parameters n and m are passed to the subroutine in register R3 and R4, and the
address of element A (0,0) is passed in register R0. Any of the addressing
modes can be used. Use MIPS32 ISA to write an ALP.

B. The subroutine call instruction of a computer saves the return address in a (1)
processor register called the link register, RL. What would you do to allow
subroutine nesting in MIPS32?
Course Outcomes:

1. Students will help to learn how computers work

2. Students will know in depth principles of computer’s working
3. Students will be able to analyze the performance of computers
4. Students will know how computers are designed and built
5. Students will have understanding of issues affecting modern
processors (caches, pipelines etc.).

Assessment of Attainment of Course Outcomes:

Assessment Type Course Outcome

CO-1 CO-2 CO-3 CO-4 CO-5

Final Exam 30% 20% 20% 15% 15%

Assignments 30% 20% 20% 15% 15%

Mid Sem Exam 30% 20% 20% 15% 15%

Question Paper to CO mapping:

Mid Sem Exam

Q.No. CO-1 CO-2 CO-3 CO-4 CO-5

1 √ √ √

2 √ √ √

3 √ √

4 √ √ √

5 √ √

6 √ √ √
 VISVESVARAYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAGPUR
ECE DEPARTMENT Subject: (ECL 204 – Measurement and Instrumentation)
Mid semester Exam (October -2020) Time :1 hour Marks: 25
Instruction: (1) Attempt all questions (2) Make suitable assumption wherever necessary and clearly mention same (3) Name,
Enrollment number and page number should be written at the top of the every page of the answer sheet

N COs &
Marks
1 Compute the Quadratic polynomial regression (Y= a+bx+Cx2) equation for following CO1,
CO2&
data 5M
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Y 8 14 19 27 38 41 59 71 84 95

2 Design a ARYTON SHUNT for ammeter with current ranges of 1mA, 10mA, 50mA and CO1&
100mA. The meter having internal resistance Rm=100 Ω and full scale deflection current of 5M
50µA.

3 A force measurement system consists of linear elements and has an overall steady-state CO2,
sensitivity of unity. The dynamics of the system are determined by the second order transfer CO3&
3M
function of the sensing element which has a natural frequency wn = 50 rad s-1and a damping
ratio = 0.3. Calculate response of sensor for the periodic input force signal :
F(t) = 80 {sin 15t + (1/8) sin 25t }.

4 An K type thermocouple is to be used to measure temperatures between 0 and 500°C CO3,

(a) Between 100°C ( 4095µV ) and 500°C (20640 µV) the thermocouple emf is given by CO4&
4M
ET,0=a1T+a2T2 ; calculate a1 and a2
(b) The emf is 14500µV( between T1 and 20°C ) relative to a reference junction of 20°C and
the corresponding reference junction circuit voltage is 1000µV ( between 20°C and 0°C ).
Estimate the measured junction temperature ( T1) .

5 A electronic differential transmitter gives a current of 4 to 20 mA linearly realted to a CO2,

differential pressure input of 0 to 104 Pa. The Norton impedance of transmitter is 104 Ω. The CO3&
3M
transmitter is connected to an indicator of impedance of 250 Ω via cable of total resistance 500
Ω. The indicator gives a reading between 0 to 10 Pa for an input voltage between 1 and 5V.
4

Calculate the system measurement error , due to loading for an input pressure of 7*103 Pa.

6 Design the first-order pressure sensor transfer function has an overall steady-state sensitivity of
unity must meet the following dynamic response specifications ( (a) and (b) ): CO2,
CO3&
(a) Steady-state error of no more than 14 KPa for a ramp input of 0.7 MPa/s. 3M
(b) Amplitude accuracy no worse than 95 percent for a sine wave input of frequency 50 Hz.
Find the largest allowable time constant for this sensor.

7 In a moving coil instrument (PMMC), the coil has a length of 5 cm, a width of 4 cm and 80 CO1&
turns. The magnetic flux density in the air gap is 0.1 Wb/m. The hair spring provides a 2M
controlling torque of 0.5 *10-7 Nm/ degree of deflection of the coil. What current would be
required to give a full scale deflection of 60 º ?
 Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Sessional Exam October 2020
th
Branch: 5 SEM B. Tech Electronics & Communication Engineering
Time: 1hr Subject: Analog Communication (ECL301) Max. Marks 25

Q.1 Choose the proper alternatives: 1× 8 = 8 (CO1)

A) The height and width of D layer is
a. 100km, 25km. b. 180km, 20km c. 250km.300km d. 70km,10km

B) When high frequency signals follow the curvature of the earth, this is known
as
a. the Faraday effect b. ducting c. tropospheric scatter d. reflection

C) Frequencies in the UHF range normally propagate by means of

a. ground waves b. sky waves c. surface waves d. space waves

D) VLF waves are used for some types of services because

a. Of the low power required
b. The transmitting antennas are of convenient size
c. They are very reliable
d. They penetrate the ionosphere easily

E) The modulation index of an AM wave is changed from 0 to 1. The transmitted

Power is
a. unchanged b. halved c. doubled d. increased by 50 %

F) Hilbert transform used in

a. DSB modulation b. SSB modulation.
c. DSB demodulation d. SSB demodulation

G) Switch modulator is a
a. double balance modulator b. single balance modulator
c. rectifier detector d. balance modulator

H) What is the ratio of sideband power to total power at 100 percent modulation
a. 1:3 b. 1:2 c. 2:3 d. None of the above

Q.2 a) The antenna current of an AM transmitter is 8A when only the carrier is sent, but it
increases to 8.93A when the carrier is modulated by a single sine wave. Find the
percentage of modulation. Determine the antenna current when the percentage of
modulation changes to 0.8

b) For the message signal of m(t) = 15 Cos( 60π t) and carrier signal of c(t) = 60 Cos
(500π t). Following the AM modulation scheme, draw the spectrum of the
modulated signal . Find the carrier and side band powers, modulation index and
Transmission bandwidth
 c) A transmitter radiates 9KW with the carrier unmodulated and 10.125KW when the
carrier is sinusoidally modulated. Calculaye the modulation index. If amother sine
wave corresponding to 40% modulation is transmitted simultaneously, determine
the
total modulation index
2+3+2=7
(CO2&CO3)

Q.3 a) How a SSB & VSB signal can be modulated and demodulated?

b) What do you mean by carrier acquisition in AM?

c) What do you mean by QAM? How it works?

6+2+2=10 ( CO4 & CO5)
 VNIT NAGPUR
Slot: G
Department of Electronics and Communication
Date: Oct 08, 2020(Th)
Embedded Systems (Code: ECL403)
Time: 11:00–12:00
Mid-Sem Exam
Time: 1 hour B.Tech Sem-5 Weightage: 25%
Important Instructions:

• Support your answer with an elaborate explanation and calculations.

• Support your answer with the screenshots of the simulator (Keil/EdSim51) output and
assembly codes. Students who do not have any simulation facility available may skip this.
• Upload your answers, explanation and code document in PDF format
• Copy-paste only code (all-in-one) in the form field available on the course Moodle page.
• Plagiarism in any form is highly discouraged and is subjected to heavy penalty or nullifying
of allotted marks.
• For any queries, feel free to contact the instructor immediately.
• Appropriate credits would be given for demonstration, completeness, elaborate explanation/
comments, correctness, and error-free execution of the code.

1. An 8051 microcontroller operating with a clock frequency of 12 MHz. The controller is to be

programmed using assembly coding to determine the frequency of the signal being received
at a port. Demonstrated the complete system as follows.
(a) To create a test signal using inbuilt timer T1, generate and display a square wave (of
equal ON-OFF duration) with maximum delay possible with a 16-bit timer. [CO-1,2] [5]
(b) For the signal generated in Part (a), how many cycles can be accommodated in 1
sec? Verify the same by feeding the signal generated in Part (a) to a counter T0 and
programming it to count the number of cycles in 1 sec. [CO-1,2] [10]
(c) For the count obtained in Part (b), calculate the % approximation error incurred in the
measurement of duration/frequency, if any, and display it on the first line of 2x16 line,
5x8 font LCD. [CO-3] [5]
(d) Display the count obtained in Part (b), on 7-segment display. [CO-3] [5]

End of exam
 VNIT Nagpur
Department of ECE
Mid Sem Evaluation Test-Winter 2020
Time 1 Hr. ECL405: Waveguides and Antenna Marks : 25
Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
All questions are mapped to CO 1
______________________________________________________________________________________
Que.1. Find the parameter enumerated with the figure respectively by identifying the mode if guide
dimensions are 2 cm x 1 cm and operating frequency is 20 GHz. [3 x3=9]

Fig. a: Wave impedance Fig. b: Phase Shift Constant

Fig. c: Phase velocity

Que.2. Find three lowest order modes which can propagate in a waveguide having conducting fins
extending along the length of the guide as shown in figure. Also find the cut-off frequencies of these
modes. [3]
2cm 2cm 2cm
y

2cm

2cm

Que.3. A section of a rectangular waveguide of cross-section 2cm X 1.5 cm is to be used as a delay line in a
radar at 10 GHz. What should be the length of the section to be realize a delay of 10 ns. [3]

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 VNIT Nagpur
Department of ECE
Mid Sem Evaluation Test-Winter 2020
Time 1 Hr. ECL405: Waveguides and Antenna Marks : 25
Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
All questions are mapped to CO 1
______________________________________________________________________________________
Que.4. Solve the following [2 marks each]
a) Draw the electric field line of TE02 mode in cross-section of hollow metallic waveguide.
b) The 𝐸⃗ field in a rectangular waveguide of inner dimensions 𝑎 × 𝑏 is given by following equation
hence find the mode of propagation.
𝜔𝜇 𝜋 2𝜋𝑥
𝐸= 𝐻 sin sin(𝜔𝑡 − 𝛽𝑧)𝑦
ℎ 𝑎 𝑎
c) The magnetic field along the propagation direction inside a rectangular waveguide with the cross
section shown in the figure is
𝐻𝑧 = 3 cos(2.094 × 102𝑥) cos(2.618 × 102𝑦) cos(6.283 × 1010 𝑡 − 𝛽 𝑧) The phase velocity vP of the
wave inside the waveguide will have value = ______m/s. (show calculations)

a=1.2 cm & b=3cm.

d) Consider an air – filled rectangular waveguide with dimensions a = 2.286 cm and b = 1.016 cm. At
10 GHz operating frequency, the value of the propagation constant (per meter) of the corresponding
propagation mode is __________. (show calculations)
e) Which one of the following does represent the electric field lines for the TE02 mode in the cross –
section of a hollow rectangular metallic waveguide? Give short explanation

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