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 ‫‪Contents‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﯾـــــﺎت‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪Introduction‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪Types of the Fire Alarm‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄـــــﺮز اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـــﺔ ﻟﻜﻮاﺷـــــﻒ اﻟﺤـﺮﯾــــــﻖ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪Detectors‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣــﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻜـﻢ ﻓــﻰ ﻧﻈــــﻢ‬ ‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪Types of the Fire Alarm‬‬
‫اﻹﻧـــﺬار ﺿــــﺪ اﻟﺤـﺮﯾــــﻖ‬
‫‪Control Panels‬‬
‫إﺧﺘﺒـــــﺎر و ﺑـــــﺪأ ﺗﺸﻐﯿــــﻞ ﻧﻈـــــﻢ اﻹﻧـــــﺬار‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪Commissioning & Testing of the‬‬
‫ﺿـــــــﺪ اﻟﺤـﺮﯾـــــــﻖ‬
‫‪Fire Alarm systems‬‬
‫إدارة ﻧﻈـــــﻢ اﻹﻧـــــــﺬار ﺿــــــﺪ اﻟﺤـﺮﯾــــــﻖ‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪Fire Alarm System Management‬‬
‫‪6.‬‬ ‫‪Fire Alarm Systems Design‬‬ ‫أﺳﺲ ﺗﺼﻤﯿــﻢ ﻧﻈــﻢ اﻹﻧــﺬار ﺿــﺪ اﻟﺤـﺮﯾــــﻖ‬ ‫‪.6‬‬

‫‪Concepts‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌــــﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﯿـــــﻢ ﻧﻈـــﻢ اﻹﻧـــﺬار ﺿـــــــﺪ‬ ‫‪.7‬‬

‫‪7.‬‬ ‫‪Review of a Fire Alarm Systems‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤـﺮﯾــــــــﻖ‬
‫‪Design‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌـــﺾ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔـــــﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿــــــﺔ ﻟﻨﻈــــــﻢ‬ ‫‪.8‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪Fire Alarm Standards, samples‬‬ ‫اﻹﻧـــﺬار ﺿـــــﺪ اﻟﺤـﺮﯾــــﻖ‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫‪Case Study‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟــــــــــﺔ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳــــــــــــــــﺔ‬ ‫‪.9‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1. Introduction‬‬ ‫‪1.‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣــــــــــــﺔ‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS‬‬
‫*‪CODE OF PRACTICE‬‬
‫‪1. Scope‬‬
‫‪This Part provides‬‬
‫‪recommendations for the‬‬
‫‪planning, design, and servicing‬‬
‫‪of fire detection and alarm‬‬
‫‪systems in and around‬‬
‫‪buildings.‬‬
‫‪This Part does not cover‬‬
‫‪systems whose primary‬‬
‫‪function to extinguish or control‬‬
‫‪the fire, such as sprinkler or‬‬
‫‪automatic extinguishing‬‬
‫‪systems, even though they‬‬
‫‪might have a secondary alarm‬‬
‫‪function; it does cover the use‬‬
‫‪of a signal from an automatic‬‬
‫‪extinguishing element of a fire‬‬
‫‪alarm system.‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻧﻈــﻢ اﻹﻧـــﺬار ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﯾـــﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔــﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿـﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻤــﺎل *‬
‫‪ . 1‬اﻟﻤﺠــــــــﺎل‬
‫ھــــﺬا اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ ﯾﻘــــﺪم اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿــﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘــــﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿــــﻂ و اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿــــــــــﻢ ‪،‬و‬
‫ﺻﯿﺎﻧـــــﺔ أﻧﻈﻤـــــﺔ اﻟﻜﺸــــﻒ و اﻹﻧـــــــﺬار‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤـﺮﯾﻖ داﺧــﻞ و ﺧــﺎرج اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺌــﺎت ‪.‬‬
‫ھـــﺬا اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ ﻻ ﯾﺸﻤـﻞ اﻟﻨﻈـﻢ اﻟﺘـﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮭــــﺎ اﻷﺳـﺎﺳــــﻰ ھـــــــﻮ اﻹطﻔـــــﺎء أو‬
‫اﻟﺴﯿﻄـــــﺮة ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻨﯿـــــﺮان ﻣﺜـــــــﺎل ﻧﻈــﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺷﺎﺷـــــﺎت أو اﻹطﻔــــﺎء اﻵﻟــﻰ ﺣﺘــﻰ إذا‬
‫ﻛـــﺎن ﻟﮭــــﺎ اﺳﺘﺨــﺪام ﺛﺎﻧـــــﻮى ﻛﻤﺼـــــﺪر‬
‫ﻟﻺﻧـــﺬار ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﯾــﻖ ‪،‬و ھـــﺬا اﻟﺠــﺰء ﯾﺸﻤــﻞ‬
‫إﺳﺘﺨــــﺪام إﺷـﺎرة ﻣــﻦ ﻧﻈــﺎم إطﻔــﺎء آﻟـــﻰ‬
‫ﻛﻌﻨﺼـــﺮ و ﻣﺼـــﺪر ﻟﻺﻧــــــﺬار ﺑﺎﻟﺤــﺮﯾﻖ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈــﻢ اﻹﻧـــﺬار ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﯾـــﻖ‬
‫*‪CODE OF PRACTICE‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔــﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿـﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻤــﺎل *‬

‫‪ . 2‬ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻔــــــﺎت‪- :‬‬
‫‪2. Definitions: -‬‬
‫‪2.1 Addressable System:‬‬ ‫‪ 2.1‬ﻧﻈــــﺎم ُﻣﻌﻨـــﻮن‪:‬‬
‫‪A system in which signals‬‬ ‫ھـــــﻮ اﻟﻨﻈــــــﺎم اﻟـــــــﺬى ﺗﻜــــﻮن‬
‫‪from each detector and/or call point‬‬ ‫اﻹﺷــﺎرات اﻟﺼــﺎدرة ﻣـﻦ ﻛـــــﻞ ﻛﺎﺷـــــﻒ و‪ /‬أو‬
‫‪are individually identified at the‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄــــﺔ إﻧــﺬار ﯾﺪوﯾـــﺔ ﯾﺘـــﻢ اﻟﺘﻌــــــﺮف ﻋﻠﯿﮭـــﺎ‬
‫‪control panel. Hybrid systems are‬‬ ‫ﺑﺼـﻮرة ﻣﻨﻔـــﺮدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﺣــــﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜـــﻢ ‪ ،‬ھﻨـﺎك‬
‫‪possible in which groups of devices‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈـــــﻢ ﻣﮭﺠﻨــﺔ ﺣﯿــــﺚ ﺗﻜـــﻮن ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋــﺔ ﻣـــﻦ‬
‫اﻷﺟﮭـــــﺰة ﻋﻠـــــﻰ داﺋـــــﺮة ﻛﮭﺮﺑﯿـــﺔ واﺣـــــﺪة‬
‫‪on a circuit can be separately‬‬
‫ﯾﻤــﻜــــﻦ اﻟﺘﻌـــﺮف ﻋﻠﯿﮭـﺎ ﺑﺼـﻮرة ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠــﺔ ‪،‬و‬
‫‪identified, but not individual devices‬‬ ‫ﻟﯿـﺲ ﻋﻠــــــــﻰ اﻷﺟﮭــــﺰة ذاﺗﮭــــﺎ اﻟﻤﻮﺟـــــﻮدة‬
‫‪within the group.‬‬ ‫داﺧـــــﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋـــﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪2.2 Aspirating detector:‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷــﻒ اﻟﮭـﻮاء اﻟﻤﺴﺤـﻮب‪:‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬
‫‪A detector system in which a‬‬
‫‪sample of the atmosphere in the‬‬ ‫ھــــﻮ ﻧﻈـﺎم ﻛﺸـﻒ ﯾﺘــﻢ ﻓﯿـﮫ ﺷﻔـــﻂ‬
‫‪protected space is sucked by a fan or‬‬ ‫ﻋﯿﻨـﺔ ﻣــﻦ ھــﻮاء اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘـﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠـــﻮب ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﮭــﺎ‬
‫‪a pump into a detector which may‬‬ ‫‪،‬ﺑﻮاﺳﻄـﺔ ﻣﺮوﺣـﺔ ﺷﻔــﻂ أو ﻣﻀﺨـﺔ إﻟـﻰ ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ‬
‫‪be remote from the protected space.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﯾـــﻖ ‪،‬و اﻟـﺬى رﺑﻤـــــﺎ ﯾﻜـــﻮن ﻣﺜﺒﺘـــﺎ ﺑﻤﻜـﺎن‬
‫ﺑﻌﯿـــﺪا ﻋــﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘــﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠـــﻮب ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﮭــــــــﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
 ‫‪FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS‬‬
‫*‪CODE OF PRACTICE‬‬
‫‪2.3 Automatic System:‬‬
‫‪A system in which an alarm of‬‬
‫‪fire can be initiated automatically.‬‬
‫‪2.4 Competent person:‬‬
‫‪A person competent to perform a‬‬
‫‪task.‬‬
‫‪2.5 Detector:‬‬
‫‪A part of an automatic fire‬‬
‫‪detection system that contains at‬‬
‫‪least on sensor which constantly or‬‬
‫‪at frequent intervals monitors at‬‬
‫‪least one suitable physical and/or‬‬
‫‪chemical phenomenon associated‬‬
‫‪with fire to the control panel and‬‬
‫ﻟﻈﺎھـﺮة اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺛــﻢ ﻧﻘﻠﮭــﺎ إﻟــﻰ ﻟﻮﺣـــﺔ‬
‫‪indicating equipment.‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻧﻈــﻢ اﻹﻧـــﺬار ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﯾـــﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔــﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿـﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻤــﺎل *‬
‫‪ 2.3‬ﻧﻈــــﺎم آﻟـــــﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ھــــــﻮ اﻟﻨﻈــــﺎم اﻟــــﺬى ﯾﺼــﺪر ﻣﻨـﮫ‬
‫إﻧـــــﺬارآﻟـــﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺤـﺮﯾــﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2.4‬ﻓــــﺮد ( ﺷﺨــﺺ ) ﻗــــﺎدر‪:‬‬
‫ھــﻮ ﻓـــــﺮد ﻗــــﺎدر ﻋﻠــــﻰ أداء ﻣﮭﻤــــﺔ ﻋﻤــﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑـــﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2.5‬ﻛﺎﺷــــﻒ (ﺣﺮﯾـــــﻖ ‪):‬‬
‫ھــﻮ ﺟــﺰء ﻣـﻦ ﻧﻈــﺎم ﻛﺸـﻒ آﻟــﻰ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﯾــﻖ ‪،‬و‬
‫اﻟـــــﺬى ﯾﺤﺘــﻮى ﻋﻠـــﻰ اﻷﻗـــﻞ ﺣﺴـﺎﺳـــــﺎ‬
‫واﺣــﺪا ﯾﻘــــﻮم ‪-‬ﺑﺼـﻮرة ﻣﺴﺘﻤـﺮة أو ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺘـــﺮات ﻣﺘﻜــﺮرة – ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗـــﻞ ﺑﻤﻼﺣﻈـــﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﯿـــﺔ طﺒﯿﻌﯿــــﺔ واﺣــــﺪة ‪ /‬أو ﻛﯿﻤﺎﺋﯿـــﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜـــﻢ أو ﺟﮭــــﺎز اﻟﺒﯿـــﺎن‪.‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺠـﺎل ‪ :‬اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ ‪Fire Detection: Scope‬‬

‫‪Fire Detection Scope:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠـﺎل اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ‪:‬‬

‫‪The basic objectives of effective fire‬‬
‫‪detection (protection) measures is‬‬
‫‪to protect human lives, material‬‬
‫‪assets and the environment from‬‬
‫‪dangers and the effects of fire.‬‬
‫‪Specifically this means:‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪Preventing danger to life and‬‬
‫) ‪health (Personnel protection‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪Preventing material damage‬‬
‫)‪(Asset protection‬‬
‫ﻣﻨـﻊ ﺗﺨﺮﯾــﺐ اﻟﻤﻤﺘﻠﻜـﺎت) ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺘﻠﻜـﺎت (‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪Preventing ecological damage‬‬
‫)‪(environment protection‬‬
‫إن اﻷھـﺪاف اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻟﺨﻄـﻮات اﻟﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻔﻌﺎل‬
‫) اﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾــﺔ( ﻋــﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ ھﻰ ﺣﻤﺎﯾــﺔ اﻷرواح‬
‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾـﺔ ‪،‬و اﻟﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎت اﻟﻤﺎدﯾﺔ و ﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻷﺧﻄـﺎر اﻟﺘـﻰ ﺗﻨﺠــﻢ ﻋـــﻦ اﻟﺤﺮاﺋـــــﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣـﻦ ﻋﺎﻟﯿــﮫ ‪،‬و ﺑﻤﺰﯾـﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾـــﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻨـﻊ اﻷﺧﻄـﺎر اﻟﺘــﻰ ﺗﮭــﺪد اﻷرواح و اﻟﺼﺤـﺔ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫) ﺣﻤﺎﯾــــﺔ اﻷﻓــــــﺮاد (‬
‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﻣﻨـــﻊ ﺗﺨﺮﯾــــــﺐ اﻟﺒﯿﺌـــــــﺔ) ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺌــــﺔ(‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫‪7‬‬
Fire Detection Scope ( Continue ) :
To ensure adequate fire safety most
countries have enacted national and
regional regulations that allocate the
responsibility as follows:
• Personnel protection is normally
governed by laws and ordinances.
• Asset protection is usually governed by
insurance companies which publish
corresponding guidelines and
regulations.
Such laws, ordinances, guidelines and
standards have in all cases precedence
over the recommendations in this
security guide and must be
conscientiously taken into consideration
when planning a fire alarm (protection)
system.
In cases where no laws and ordinances
exist, the fire detection system should be
planned in accordance with sound fire
protection practice.
8
: ( ‫) ﺗﺎﺑـﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺠـﺎل اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛـﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﺪان‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟـﻢ ﺑﻔـﺮض ﻗﻮاﻧﯿـﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﯿـﺔ و إﻗﻠﯿﻤﯿـﺔ و اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤــﺪد‬
:‫اﻟﻤﺴﺆﻟﯿـــﺎت ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
.‫ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ اﻷﻓـﺮاد ﺗﺘﺒــﻊ ﻋﺎدة اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ و اﻷﻋـــﺮاف‬ •
‫ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎت ﺗﺘﺒــﻊ ﻋﺎدة ﺷﺮﻛـﺎت اﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻰ‬ •
.‫ﺗﻨﺸﺮ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮاﺋـﺢ و اﻹرﺷـﺎدات‬
‫إن اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ و اﻷﻋـﺮاف و اﻹرﺷـﺎدات و اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺸـﺎر‬
‫إﻟﯿﮭﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﯿﮫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﮭﺎ اﻷوﻟﻮﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻨﻀﻤﻨﮫ‬
‫و إﺗﺒﺎﻋﮭﺎ ﺑﺤﺬاﻓﯿﺮھﺎ و‬، ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻨﺎ )ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﺸﻒ( ھـﺬا‬
‫أﺧﺬھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم إﻧﺬار ﺿﺪ‬
.‫اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺣـﺎﻟﺔ ﻋـﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻗﻮاﻧﯿـﻦ أو أﻋـﺮاف أو إرﺷـﺎدات أو‬
‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔـﺎت ﻓﯿﺠﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺨﻄﯿﻂ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻛﺸﻒ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﯾﻖ إﺗﺒﺎع‬
. ‫ﺧﻄﻮات ﺧﺒـﺮات ﻣﻮﺛـﻮق ﺑﮭـﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ‬
 ‫أﻧﻈـﻤـﺔ اﻟﻜﺸــﻒ ﻋــﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ & اﻟﺘﺤﺬﯾــﺮ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐــﺎز‬
‫‪Fire Detection and Gas Warning Systems‬‬
‫‪Automatic fire detection‬‬ ‫اﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻵﻟﯿـﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺸـﻒ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪systems:‬‬
‫‪An automatic fire detection system‬‬ ‫إن اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻵﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﮫ‬
‫‪is designed to detect a fire in its‬‬ ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﻜﺘﺸـﻒ اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺮاﺣﻠﮫ اﻟﻤﺒﻜـــﺮة ﺛـﻢ‬
‫‪incipient stage and to‬‬
‫‪automatically initiate‬‬ ‫ﯾﻘـﻮم آﻟﯿـﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺒـﺎدرة ﺑﺘﺸﻐﯿـﻞ أﺟﮭــﺰة ﻣﺒﺮﻣﺠـــﺔ‬
‫‪programmed control functions.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘـــﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﯿـــﺎم ﺑﺄﻋﻤــﺎل ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑــــﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪For example:‬‬
‫‪• Alarming persons who are in‬‬ ‫أﻣﺜــﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻵﻟﯿـﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺸـﻒ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪danger.‬‬
‫ﺗﺤــﺬﯾﺮ اﻷﻓـــﺮاد اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﯿــﻦ ﻟﻠﺨﻄــــــــﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪• Calling the fire fighting forces‬‬
‫‪and rescue teams.‬‬ ‫إﺳﺘﺪﻋـﺎء ﻗﻮات اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻓﺊ و ﻓــﺮق اﻹﻧﻘــﺎذ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪• Activating devices for‬‬
‫‪restricting smoke and fire‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﯿــــﻞ اﻷﺟﮭــﺰة اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻤﻨﻊ إﻧﺘﺸــﺎر اﻟﺤـﺮﯾﻖ و‬ ‫•‬
‫‪propagation, for example,‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﺧــﺎن ‪،‬ﻓﻌﻠـﻰ ﺳﺒﯿـﻞ اﻟﻤﺜــﺎل إﻏــﻼق اﻷﺑــــﻮاب‬
‫‪closing fire doors, fire dampers,‬‬
‫‪and the like.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤـﺮﯾــﻖ ‪،‬و ﻣﻄﻔـﺌـﺎت اﻟﺤــﺮﯾــﻖ ‪...‬اﻟﺦ‬

‫‪9‬‬
 ‫أﻧﻈـﻤـﺔ اﻟﻜﺸــﻒ ﻋــﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ & اﻟﺘﺤﺬﯾــﺮ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐــﺎز‬
‫‪Fire Detection and Gas Warning Systems‬‬
‫) ‪Automatic fire detection systems( Continue‬‬
‫اﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻵﻟﯿـﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺸـﻒ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ‪:‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Activating fixed extinguishing‬‬
‫‪systems,‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﯿـﻞ أﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻹطﻔــﺎء اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘـــﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Activating smoke and heat venting‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﯿـــﻞ أﻧﻈﻤـــﺔ ﺗﮭﻮﯾـــﺔ )ﺗﺴﺮﯾــﺐ( اﻟﺪﺧـــﺎن و‬ ‫•‬
‫‪systems, escape route‬‬
‫اﻟﺤــﺮارة ‪،‬و ﺿﻐــــﻂ ﻣﺴــــﺎرات اﻟﻨﺠــﺎة‪.‬‬
‫‪pressurization,‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪De-energizing technical systems‬‬ ‫إﯾﻘــﺎف ﺗﺸﻐﯿــﻞ اﻷﻧﻈﻤــﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﯿــــــﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪(installations),‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻄــﺮة ﻋﻠــﻰ أﻧﻈﻤــــﺔ ﺧﺪﻣـــﺎت اﻟﻤﺒﻨــــــــــﻰ‬ ‫•‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Controlling building services‬‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻـــﺎ أﻧﻈﻤــــﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿـــــﻦ و اﻟﺘﮭﻮﯾــــﺔ ‪،‬و‬
‫‪systems, particularly heating and‬‬
‫‪ventilation systems and elevators,‬‬ ‫ﻛـــــــــﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻋــــــــــــﺪ‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Activating the emergency lighting,‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﯿــﻞ إﻧــــﺎرة اﻟﻄــــﻮارئ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Activating the evacuation systems,‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﯿــﻞ أﻧﻈﻤـــﺔ اﻹﺧــــﻼء ‪...‬اﻟـــﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪and the like.‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫‪ 2.‬اﻟﻄــﺮز اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـــﺔ ﻟﻜﻮاﺷــﻒ اﻟﺤـﺮﯾـــﻖ‬
‫‪2. Types of the Fire Alarm‬‬
‫‪Detectors‬‬

‫‪11‬‬
 ELECTRONIC DETECTOR ‫ﻛﺎﺷــــــف إﻟﻛﺗروﻧــــﻲ‬

‫دﺧﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﮭب‬ ‫ﺣرارة‬

SMOKE FLAM E HEAT

‫دﺧﺎن‬ ‫دﺧﺎن ﻏﯾر‬ ‫أﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺣت اﻟﺣﻣراء‬ ‫أﺷﻌﺔ ﻓوق ﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌدل زﯾﺎدة درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ ﺣرارة ﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ‬
‫ﻣرﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣرﺋﻲ‬ INFRARED ULTRAVIOLET Fixed Temp.
VISIBLE INVISIBLE
Rate of Temp.
RAY RAY
S.MOKE S.MOKE change

‫ﻛﺎﺷف‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷـــــف‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷف اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺣت‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷف اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓوق‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷف ﻣﻌدل زﯾﺎدة درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷف درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة‬
‫ﺿوﺋﻰ‬ ‫أﯾوﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻣراء اﻟﻣﺗرددة‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺗرددة‬ ‫اﻟﺣرارة‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ‬
FLICKERED FLICKERED
OPT ICAL OPT ICAL
S.MOKE S.MOKE
INFRARED RAY ULTRAVIOLET RATE OF TEMP. RATE OF TEMP.
DETECTOR RAY DETECTOR CHANGE CHANGE
DETECTOR DETECTOR

12
 FIRE ALARM DETECTORS‫ﻛﺎﺷﻔﺎت اﻟﺣرﯾق‬

( AUTOMATIC ‫آﻟﻲ ) ذاﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﻲ‬

MECHANICAL
‫إﻟﻛﺗروﻧﻲ‬ ‫إﻟﻛﺗروﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾك‬
ELECTRONIC ELECTROMECHANICAL
‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ ﺗﻣدد‬/‫اﻧﺻﮭﺎر‬
‫ﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﻲ & ﻛﮭرﺑﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﻠب‬
‫دﺧﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﮭب‬ ‫ﺣرارة‬
MECH. & ELECT. A SOLID BODY
SMOKE FLAM E HEAT
MELTING / EXPANSION

‫ﺗﺑﺧــــر ﺳﺎﺋل‬
‫دﺧﺎن ﻣرﺋﻲ‬ ‫دﺧﺎن ﻏﯾر ﻣرﺋﻲ‬ ‫أﺷﻌﺔ ﻓوق ﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﯾﺔ‬ A Liquid
VISIBLE S. ULT RAVIOLET
Eevaporation
INVISIBLE S.

‫ ﻣﻌدل زﯾﺎدة درﺟﺔ ا ﻟﺣرارة‬/ ‫درﺟﺔ ﺣرارة ﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ‬ ‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﺣرارﯾﺔ‬

‫ ﺗﺣت اﻟﺣﻣراء‬/ ‫أﺷﻌﺔ ﻓوق ﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﯾﺔ‬ Ficed -Temp. / Rate of Temp. Thermal Link
ULTRAVIOLET / INFRA RED change
‫رﺷﺎﺷﺎت ﻣﺎء … اﻟﺦ‬
13 Water, ... Sprinklers
 ‫ﻛﺎﺷــﻒ اﻟﺪﺧــﺎن ﺑﻤﺠــﺎرى اﻟﺘﻜﯿﯿــﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷــﻒ دﺧـــﺎن أﯾﻮﻧــــﻰ‬

‫‪Duct Mounting Smoke Detector‬‬ ‫‪Ionization Smoke Detector‬‬

‫‪This image cannot currently be‬‬

‫‪displayed.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌـﺾ طــﺮق ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﻛﻮاﺷﻒ اﻟﺪﺧﺎن اﻷﯾﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﻛﺎﺷﻒ‬
‫‪BASE‬‬
‫‪14‬‬
 ‫ﻛﺎﺷــف دﺧـــﺎن أﯾوﻧــــﻰ‬ ‫ﻣـﻊ اﻟﺪﺧـﺎن‬ ‫ھـﻮاء ﻧﻘـﻰ‬
‫‪Ionization Smoke Detector‬‬ ‫أﯾﻮن ﺳﺎﻟــﺐ‬
‫أﯾون ﻣوﺟـب‬
‫ﺟزﯾﺋﺎت اﻟدﺧﺎن‬

‫‪How do Ionization fire‬‬

‫?‪detectors work‬‬ ‫ﻣـــﺎ ھــﻰ اﻟﻜﯿﻔﯿــــﺔ اﻟﺘـــــﻰ ﺗﻌﻤـــﻞ ﺑﮭـــــﺎ‬
‫‪• The sensing part of the‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮاﺷــــﻒ اﻟﺪﺧــــﺎن اﻷﯾﻮﻧﯿــــﺔ ؟‬
‫‪detector consists of two‬‬
‫‪chambers: an open, outer‬‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﺟﺰء اﻹﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮاﺷــﻒ ﻣــــــﻦ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪chamber and a semi-‬‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺘﯿـــﻦ ‪ :‬إﺣﺪاھﻤــﺎ ﺧﺎرﺟﯿــــــــﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣـــﺔ‬
‫‪sealed reference chamber‬‬ ‫‪،‬واﻷﺧــﺮى داﺧﻠﯿــﺔ ﺷﺒــﮫ ﻣﻐﻠﻘـﺔ و ھـﻰ ﺗ ُﻌـــﺪ‬
‫‪within.‬‬
‫اﻟﻐﺮﻓــﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﯿــــﺔ أو اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿــــﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
 ‫ﻣـــﺎ ھــﻰ اﻟﻛﯾﻔﯾــــﺔ اﻟﺗـــــﻰ ﺗﻌﻣـــل ﺑﮭـــــﺎ ﻛواﺷــــف اﻟدﺧــــﺎن اﻷﯾوﻧﯾــــﺔ ؟‬
‫?‪How do Ionization fire detectors work‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Mounted in the reference‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮﻓـﺔ اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿـﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺑﺪﺧﻠﮭﺎ ﺷﺮﯾﻂ رﻗﯿـﻖ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪chamber is a low activity‬‬
‫‪radioactive foil of Amercium‬‬ ‫ذو ﻧﺸـــﺎط إﺷﻌﺎﻋــﻰ ﻣﻨﺨﻔـــﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻣـــــﺎدة‬
‫‪241helping current to flow‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮﻛﯿﻮم ) ‪ ( 241‬و ھﻰ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻤﻜـﻦ اﻟﺘﯿـﺎر‬
‫‪between the two chambers‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮور ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ و‬
‫‪when the detector is powered up‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿــﺔ ﺑﻌـــﺪ ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺷـﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﯿـــﺎر‪.‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪As smoke enters the detector,‬‬
‫‪particles become attracted to‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨـﺪ دﺧــﻮل اﻟﺪﺧــﺎن اﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﺎﺷــﻒ ﺗﻠﺘﺼــﻖ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪the ions, causing a reduction in‬‬
‫‪current flow in the outer‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﯾﺌﺎت اﻟﺪﺧﺎن ﺑﺎﻷﯾﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺑﺎﻟﺪاﺧـﻞ‬
‫‪chamber and an increase in‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﺧﻔﻀﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﯿﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ و رﻓﻊ‬
‫‪voltage measured between the‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﻰ ) اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺖ ( ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺘﯿــﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪two chambers.‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪The voltage increase is‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺠﮭـﺪ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﻰ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒـﺎ ً‬ ‫•‬
‫‪monitored by the electronic‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﺋﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﺈن أى زﯾﺎدة ﻣﻌﺎﯾـﺮة ﻣﺴﺒﻘـﺎ ً‬
‫‪circuitry which triggers the‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﻰ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﻌﻨﻰ وﺟﻮد‬
‫‪detector into the alarm state at‬‬
‫‪a preset threshold, lighting‬‬ ‫دﺧﺎن ﺣﺮﯾﻖ ‪،‬و ﺗﺘﺤﻮل ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺷـــــﻒ إﻟﻰ‬
‫‪externally visible red LED when‬‬ ‫وﺿﻊ اﻹﻧﺬارﻓﺘﻀﺎء ﻟﻤﺒﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ﺣﻤﺮاء ﻓﻰ‬
‫‪the detector changes to alarm‬‬
‫‪state.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ ‪،‬و ﻣﻌﻠﻨﺔ و ﺟﻮد دﺧـﺎن‪.‬‬

‫‪16‬‬
 ‫ﻛﺎﺷﻔـــﺎت اﻟﺪﺧــﺎن اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﯿــــﺔ‬
‫‪Integrating Ionization Smoke Detector‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪This type of detector works on the‬‬
‫‪same principles as the ionization‬‬
‫‪smoke detector, but has a modified‬‬
‫‪signal processing circuitry which‬‬
‫‪allows an alarm threshold to be‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار)‪ ( 20‬ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ و ﺑﺪون اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ‬
‫‪present for up to 20 seconds‬‬
‫‪without initiating an alarm. This‬‬
‫‪type of detectors is suitable for use‬‬
‫‪in areas where transient high levels‬‬
‫‪of smoke may be expected.‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪The integrating effect in Analogue‬‬
‫‪Addressable Systems can be‬‬
‫‪mimicked in both ionization and‬‬
‫‪optical smoke detectors by‬‬
‫‪adjusting the control equipment‬‬
‫‪software to cause an appropriate‬‬
‫‪delay.‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ھـﺬا اﻟﻄــﺮاز ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﺷـﻒ اﻷﯾﻮﻧﯿـــﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺑـﺬات طﺮﯾﻘـﺔ ﻋﻤـﻞ اﻟﻜﻮاﺷــﻒ اﻷﯾﻮﻧﯿـــــــﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺎدة ﻟﻜـﻦ ﺗﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻋﻨﮭـﺎ ﺑـﺄن ﻟﮭـﺎ داﺋــﺮة‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ ذات إﺷﺎرة إﻧـﺬار ﻣﻌﺪﻟﺔ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﺗﺘﺄﺧـﺮ‬
‫اﻹﻧــﺬار ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ ‪،‬و اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻰ ھـﺬا اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾـﻞ‬
‫ﻹﻣﻜـﺎن أﺳﺘﺨـﺪام اﻟﻜﺎﺷـﻒ ﻓﻰ اﻷﻣﺎﻛـﻦ اﻟﺘﻰ‬
‫ﯾُﺤﺘﻤــﻞ أو ﯾُﺘﻮﻗــﻊ أن ﯾﺘﻜــﻮن ﺑﮭﺎ ﻟﺤﻈﯿـــــﺎ‬
‫و ﺑﺼــــﻮرة ﻏﯿــﺮ داﺋﻤــﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾـﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﯿـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﺧـــﺎن‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻹﻧﺬار اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ و‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻠﯿﺔ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮاﺷﻒ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫اﻷﯾﻮﻧﯿﺔ و اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ ‪،‬و ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ ﺿﺒﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﺟﮭﺰة ﻟﺘﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﺈﺧﯿــﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪17‬‬
 ‫ﻛﺎﺷــــﻒ دﺧــــﺎن ﺑﺼـــــﺮى ( ﺿﻮﺋــﻰ )‬
‫‪Optical ( Photo-electric ) Smoke Detector‬‬

‫ﺻﻤـﺎم اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻜﻮاﺷﻒ اﻟﺒﺼﺮﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻤﺎم‬

‫إﺷﻌـــﺎع ‪ LED‬ﻧﺒﻀـﻰ ﺿﻮﺋـــــــﻰ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟﻸﺷﻌــﺔ ﺗﺤــﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء – ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬
‫ﺑﻐﺮﻓﺔ داﺧﻞ ﺟﺴـﻢ اﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ ‪،‬و اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻤﺎم اﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﺗﺤﺠـﺐ ﻣﺼﺎدراﻟﻀﻮء‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ‪،‬و ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺴــــﺎر اﻷﺷﻌـــﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺋﻼ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ ﻓﻼ ﯾﺼــــﻞ‬
‫ھـﻮاء ﻧﻘـﻰ‬ ‫ﻣـﻊ اﻟﺪﺧـﺎن‬
‫إﻟﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة أﺑـــﺪا ‪،‬و ﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﻤﻜـﻦ أن‬
‫ﯾﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺴــــــﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻌـﺎع ﺿﻮﺋـﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ذرات اﻟﺪﺧﺎن إذا ﺗﺨﻠﻠﺖ اﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ‬
‫ﺷﻌـﺎع ﺿﻮﺋـﻰ ُﻣﺨﺘﺮق‬ ‫و دﺧﻠــﺖ اﻟﻐﺮﻓـــﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯿﮫ ‪،‬و ﯾـﺪل ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺟﺰﯾﺌــﺎت اﻟﺪﺧـــﺎن‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ و ﺟــــﻮد دﺧــﺎن أى ﺣﺮﯾــﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
 ) ‫ﻛﺎﺷــــﻒ دﺧــــﺎن ﺑﺼـــــﺮى ( ﺿﻮﺋــﻰ‬
Optical ( Photo-electric ) Smoke Detector
Optical smoke detectors utilize
a pulsing infrared LED located
‫ﺻﻤـﺎم اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ‬
in a chamber within the housing
of the detector. The chamber is
designed to exclude light from
any external source. At an angle
to the LED is a photo-diode ‫ﺻﻤﺎم اﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء‬
which normally does not
register the column of light
‫ھـﻮاء ﻧﻘـﻰ‬ ‫ﻣـﻊ اﻟﺪﺧـﺎن‬
emitted by the LED. When a
smoke enter the chamber, the
above light pulse will be
‫ﺷﻌـﺎع ﺿﻮﺋـﻰ‬
scattered and hence registered
‫ﺷﻌـﺎع ﺿﻮﺋـﻰ ُﻣﺨﺘﺮق‬
by the photo-diode. ‫ﺟﺰﯾﺌــﺎت اﻟﺪﺧـــﺎن‬

19
 ‫ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ اﻟﺤـﺰﻣـﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﯿــﺔ ( اﻟﺨﻄﯿﺔ‪) Beam Detector‬‬
‫‪A beam detector is designed to‬‬
‫‪protect large, open spaces and‬‬
‫‪is made up of three main parts:‬‬
‫‪1. The transmitter, which projects‬‬
‫‪a beam of infra-red light.‬‬
‫‪2. The receiver registers the‬‬
‫‪transmitted light and produces‬‬
‫‪an electrical signal.‬‬
‫‪3. The interface, which processes‬‬
‫‪the signal and generates alarm‬‬
‫‪or fault signals.‬‬
‫‪When a fire develops, smoke‬‬
‫‪particles obstruct the beam of‬‬
‫‪light and, once a pre-set‬‬
‫‪threshold has been exceeded,‬‬
‫‪the detector will go into alarm.‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ اﻟﺤـﺰﻣـﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﯿــﺔ ) اﻟﺨﻄﯿـــﺔ (‬
‫ﺗــــــﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﻤـــــﮫ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾـــﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏــــﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿـــﺮةاﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣـﺔ ‪،‬و ﯾﺘﻜـﻮن ﻣـﻦ ﺛـــﻼث‬
‫أﺟــــﺰاءرﺋﯿﺴﯿـﺔ‪- :‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺳــــﻞ‪ :‬اﻟـﺬى ﯾﻘـﻮم ﺑﺈﺳﻘـﺎط إرﺳـﺎل‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﺣﺰﻣــﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻷﺷﻌــــﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤــﺮاء‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒــﻞ‪ :‬اﻟــــﺬى ﯾﻘــــﻮم ﺑﺘﺴﺠﯿــــــــﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫وﺻـــــﻮل ﺣﺰﻣــــــــﺔ اﻷﺷﻌــــﺔ ﺗﺤــــــﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤــــــــﺮاء ‪،‬و ﯾﺼـــــﺪر إﺷـــــﺎرة ﺗﻔﯿـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻـــــــﻮل‪.‬‬
‫وﺣــــﺪة اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿـــﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﺘــﻰ ﺗﻘــــﻮم ﺑﻤﮭـﺎم‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠــﺔ اﻹﺷــﺎرات اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠـﺔ ‪،‬أو إﺷــﺎرة‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺧﻄــﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ وﺟـﻮد ﺣﺮﯾــﻖ ﺗﻘـــﻮم ﺟﺰﯾﺌـــﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺪﺧـــﺎن ﺑﺤﺠــﺐ ﺣﺰﻣــﺔ اﻷﺷﻌــﺔ ﺗـــﺤﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤــﺮاء اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠــــﺔ ‪،‬و ﻋﻨﺪﻣــــﺎ ﯾـﺰدادد‬
‫اﻟﺤﺠـــﺐ ﻋـــﻦ ﺣـــﺪ ﻣﻌﯿــــﻦ ﯾﺼـــــــــﺪر‬
‫اﻟﻜﺎﺷـــﻒ إﻧــــﺬارا ﺑﺎﻟﺤــﺮﯾــــــــــﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪FLAME DETECTOR: -‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ اﻟﻠﮭـــﺐ‪- :‬‬
‫ﯾﺘـﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﯿـﻢ ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ اﻟﻠﮭـــﺐ ﺑﺤﯿــــﺚ‬
‫‪A Flame detector is‬‬ ‫ﯾﻘــــﻮم ﺑﺈﻛﺘﺸــــــﺎف اﻷﺷﻌـــــــﺔ ﺗﺤـــــــــﺖ‬
‫‪designed to detect either ultraviolet‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤــﺮاء أو ﻓــــﻮق اﻟﺒﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﯿــﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺜـــﺔ‬
‫‪(UV) or infrared (IR) radiation‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أى ﻣﺼــﺪر ﻧﯿـــﺮان ‪،‬و ﺣﺴـﺎس ﺑﺼﻔـــﺔ‬
‫‪emitted by a fire. The flame‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ ﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻷﺷﻌــﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤــﺮاء أو‬
‫‪detector is sensitive to low-‬‬ ‫ﻓــﻮق اﻟﺒﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﯿــﺔ اﻟﻤﺘـــــــــﺮددة اﻹﻧﺒﻌـﺎث‬
‫‪frequency, flickering radiation.‬‬ ‫‪،‬و ذات اﻟﺘــﺮدد اﻹﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛــﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ‪.‬‬
‫‪This means that the‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤــﺎ أن اﻟﻜﺸـــــﻒ ﺧـــﺎص ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌــﺔ‬
‫‪detector can operate even if the‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﻌـﻨﻰ أن اﻟﻜﺎﺷـﻒ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﮫ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﻌﻤﻠــﮫ‬
‫ﺣﺘــﻰ إذا ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ اﻟﻌﺪﺳـﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻـﺔ ﺑــــــــــﮫ‬
‫‪lens is contaminated by a layer of‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺴﺨــﺔ ﺑﻄﺒﻘـــــﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻟـﺰﯾــﺖ أو ﺑﺨـــــﺎر‬
‫‪oil, dust, water vapour or ice.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤــﺎء أو اﻟﺠﻠﯿـــــﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪21‬‬
 ‫‪FLAME DETECTOR‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ اﻟﻠﮭـــﺐ‬
‫‪FLAME DETECTOR: -‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ اﻟﻠﮭـــﺐ‪: -‬‬
‫ﯾﺼﻤﻢ ﻛﺎﺷــﻒ اﻟﻠﮭﺐ ﻟﻺﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫‪The flame detector has been‬‬
‫ﺣﺪوث ﻧﯿﺮان ذات ﻟﮭﺐ ﻣﻜﺸﻮف ‪،‬و اﻷﻣﺎﻛـﻦ اﻟﺘﻰ‬
‫‪designed for use where open‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﻹﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﻮاﺷـﻒ اﻟﻠﮭﺐ ﺗﺸﻤـﻞ ﺣﻈﺎﺋــــﺮ‬
‫‪flaming fires may be expected.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﺋـﺮات ‪،‬واﻟﺘـﻰ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣـﻞ ﻓـﻰ ﻧﻘـــﻞ اﻟﻔﺤـــــﻢ ‪،‬و‬
‫‪Applications include aircraft‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻧـﻊ ﺗﺼﻨﯿـﻊ اﻟـــــﻮرق ‪ ،‬و اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺌـﺎت اﻟﺘـﻰ‬
‫‪hangers, coal handling , paper‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ ﻣﻨﺘﺠــﺎت اﻷﺧﺸــﺎب ‪.‬‬
‫‪manufacturing plants, and wood‬‬ ‫ﺧــﻮاص ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ اﻟﻠﮭــﺐ ‪: -‬‬
‫‪working environments.‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻤـﻞ ﺿﻤـــﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮاﺷﻒ اﻷﺧﺮى أى ﻻ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪The detector is:‬‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻤـﻞ و ﯾﻐـــﺬى ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗــــﺔ ﺑﺼــــﻮرة ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠــﺔ‪.‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Loop powered.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴـــﺎس ﻟﻸﺷﻌــﺔ ﺗﺤــﺖ اﻟﺤﻤــﺮاء ( أو ﻓــــــﻮق‬ ‫•‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Sensitive to flickering IR/or UV.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﯿـــــﺔ ) اﻟﻤﺘﺮددة اﻹﻧﺒﻌـــﺎث‪.‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Able to detect open flames, and‬‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ﻛﺸــــﻒ اﻟﻠﮭـﺐ اﻟﻤﻜﺸـــﻮف أو اﻟﺮﻣــــﺎد‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻮاﻣــﺾ‪.‬‬
‫‪glowing embers.‬‬
‫زاوﯾـــﺔ ﻣﺠـﺎل ﻋﻤـــﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺷــﻒ ﺗﺘـــﺮاوح ﻣـــــــﺎ‬ ‫•‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Has a 90° or 360° field of view.‬‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 90°‬أو ‪360° .‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺎﻻت ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺰﯾﺎدة‬ ‫رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻟﺪرﺟــﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﺛﺎﺑﺘـﺔ‬

‫” ﺛﺮﻣﺴﺘـﻮر ” ُﻣﻌﺮض‬
‫إﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺣﺮﯾﻖ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ اﻹرﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫إﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺣﺮﯾﻖ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ اﻹرﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫ﻟﻠﮭﻮاء اﻟﺠﻮى‬
‫اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎرة اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻄﺊ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎرة اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ‬
‫” ﺛﺮﻣﺴﺘـﻮر ” ﻣﻌﺰول ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﮭﻮاء اﻟﺠﻮى‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺔ ‪ :‬اﻟﻜﻮاﺷﻒ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺎظﺮﯾﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ” ﺛﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘـﻮر “ واﺣـﺪ ﻓﻘـﻂ‬

‫اﻟﻛﺎﺷف اﻟﺣرارى‬
‫‪HEAT DETECTOR‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
 ‫‪HEAT DETECTOR‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺷـــــﻒ اﻟﺤــــﺮارى‬
‫‪Most conventional heat detectors‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻛﻮاﺷﻒ اﻟﺤــــﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫‪operate by using a matched pair‬‬ ‫ﻋـــــــﻦ طﺮﯾـــــــﻖ زوﺟــﯿﻦ ﻣــــــﻦ‬
‫‪of thermistors to sense heat.‬‬
‫‪One thermistor is exposed to‬‬ ‫” اﻟﺜﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘــﻮرز ” ﺣﺘـﻰ ﺗﺸﻌـــــــﺮ‬
‫‪the ambient temperature, the‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮارة ‪،‬و ﯾﻜﻮن إﺣـﺪى اﻟﺰوﺟﯿـــﻦ‬
‫‪other is sealed. In normal‬‬ ‫ُﻣﻌـﺮﺿـــﺎ ﻟﻠﺤـﺮارة اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄــــﺔ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫‪conditions the two thermistors‬‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن اﻵﺧـــﺮ ﻣﻐﻠﻘــًﺎ ُﻣﺤﯿﻄــﮫ ‪،‬و ﻓﻰ‬
‫‪register similar temperatures,‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻌﺎدﯾـﺔ ﺗﺘﻄﺎﺑـﻖ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻼﺗﮭﻤﺎ‬
‫‪on the development of a fire the‬‬
‫‪temperature recorded by the‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤـــــﺮارة ‪،‬و ﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨــﺪ ﻧﺸــــــــﻮب‬
‫‪exposed thermistor will increase‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﯾـــــﻖ ﯾﺴﺠــــﻞ‬
‫‪rapidly, resulting in an‬‬ ‫” اﻟﺜﯿﺮﻣﯿﺴﺘــﻮر “ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟـﻰ‬
‫‪imbalance of the thermistors,‬‬ ‫إرﺗﻔﺎﻋــــــﺎ ﺳﺮﯾﻌـﺎ ﯾـﺆدى‬
‫‪causing the detector to change‬‬ ‫ﻹﺧﺘـــــﻼل اﻟﺘـــــﻮازن ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤــــــﺎ ‪،‬و‬
‫‪into alarm state.‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﺮﺟــــﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻐﯿﯿـــــــﺮ ﺣﺎﻟــــــــــﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺎﺷـــﻒ إﻟـﻰ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ ﺣـﺮﯾــــﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪24‬‬
 HEAT DETECTOR
• Externally, the heat detectors
are distinguishable from the
smoke detectors by having wide
openings to the surroundings to
allow good movement of air
around the external thermistor.
• A heat detector may be more
appropriate than a smoke
detector where the environment
is dirty or smoky under normal
conditions. It must be
recognized, that any heat
detector will respond only when
a fire is well established and
generating a high heat output.
25
‫اﻟﻜﺎﺷـــــﻒ اﻟﺤــــﺮارى‬
‫• ﯾﻤﻜـﻦ ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰ اﻟﻜﻮاﺷـﻒ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻮاﺷﻒ اﻟﺪﺧـﺎن ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﺗﮭــﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌــﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﮭـﻮاء اﻟﻤﺤﯿـﻂ ﺣﺘـﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﮭـــﻮاء ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤــــــﺮك ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬
.‫ﺣـﻮل ” اﻟﺜﯿﺮﻣﯿﺴﺘــﻮر “ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟــﻰ‬
‫• اﻟﻜﺎﺷــﻒ اﻟﺤـﺮارى ﻗـﺪ ﯾﻜﻮن أﻛﺜــــﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻌـﺾ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻣﻘﺎرﻧــﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻛﺎﺷــــﻒ اﻟﺪﺧﺎن إذا ﻛــﺎن اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬
‫ﻏﯿــﺮ ﻧﻈﯿﻒ أو ﯾﻮﺟـــﺪ ﺑﮫ دﺧـــــــﺎن‬
‫وﻣﻊ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻰ اﻹﻋﺘﺒـﺎر‬، ‫ﺑﺈﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬
‫أن اﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ ﻟﻦ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ إﻻ إذ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺎر‬
. ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪة ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة ذات ﺣﺠــﻢ ﻛﺒﯿــﺮ‬
‫‪Linear Heat Detector‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷـــﻒ ﺣـــﺮارة ﺧﻄـــﻰ‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﺒــﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿـﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺴـﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﺤﺮارى‬
‫اﻟﻨﻔـﻖ‬

‫اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ اﻟﺤـﺮارى اﻟ ُ‬
‫ﻤـﻮزع‬

‫أﻣﺎﻛــﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﯿـــﺐ اﻟﻨﻈــﺎم‬

‫اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ اﻟﺨﻄـﻰ ﻟﻠﺤـﺮارة‬

‫‪27‬‬
 ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﺤﺮارى‬
‫ﻋﻠﺒــﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿـﻞ‬

‫ﺣﻮاﻣـﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺑــﻼت‬

‫ﺣﻮاﻣـﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺑــﻼت‬

‫أﻣﺎﻛـﻦ أﺧﺮى ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺷﻒ اﻟﺤـﺮارى‬

‫ﻣﺴـﺎر رﺟــﻮع ﻛﺎﺑــﻞ اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ ) إﺧﺘﯿـﺎرى (‬

‫‪28‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿــﺎ اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ اﻟﺨﻄـﻰ ﻟﻠﺤـﺮارة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻷﻟﯿـﺎف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﯿـﺔ‬
‫) ‪Distributed Temperature Sensing ( DTS‬‬

‫‪Features & Benefits‬‬

‫‪Conventional systems have‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋــــــﺺ & اﻟﻔﻮاﺋـــــــﺪ‪: -‬‬
‫‪limitations.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤـﺪودﯾــﺔ طـــﺮق اﻟﻜﺸــﻒ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Fiber optic systems provide‬‬
‫‪intelligent solutions.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾــﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Real time temperature‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈـــﻢ اﻷﻟﯿـﺎف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﯿــﺔ ﺗﺘﯿــﺢ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪profiles‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠـﻮﻻ ذﻛﯿــﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘـﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿــﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫& ‪Fire location‬‬
‫‪direction of propagation‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤــﺪود اﻟﺤﺮارﯾــﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯿــﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫◄‬
‫‪Programmable‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾـــﺪ ﻣﻜـﺎن اﻟﺤﺮﯾـــﻖ و‬ ‫◄‬
‫‪functions‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴـــﺎر إﻧﺘﺸــــﺎره‪.‬‬
‫‪Break detection and‬‬
‫‪recovery remote‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠـﺔ ﻣﺘﻌـــﺪدة ﻷﯾـــﺔ‬ ‫◄‬
‫‪interrogation‬‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘـﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪29‬‬ ‫ﺳﮭﻮﻟـــــﺔ إﻛﺘﺸــﺎف اﻷﺟـــــﺰاء‬ ‫◄‬
 ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿــﺎ اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ اﻟﺨﻄـﻰ ﻟﻠﺤـﺮارة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻷﻟﯿـﺎف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﯿـﺔ‬
‫) ‪Distributed Temperature Sensing ( DTS‬‬

‫‪• Distributed Temperature‬‬

‫‪Sensing (DTS) using optical‬‬ ‫• ﺗـــﻢ إﺳﺘﺨـﺪام اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ اﻟﺤـﺮارى ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤــﻮزع‬
‫‪fibers established since 1986.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﯿـــﺎف اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿــﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋــــﺎم ‪1986‬‬
‫‪• Used in a number of safety‬‬ ‫• اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻓﻰ ﻋـﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت‬
‫‪critical applications:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴـﻼﻣـــﺔ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳــﺔ ﻣﺜــﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪► Temperature profiling of‬‬ ‫◄ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤــﺪود اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ ﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬
‫‪power cables.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘــﻮى اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿـــﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪► Hot spot location on process‬‬ ‫◄ ﺗﺤﺪﯾـــﺪ اﻟﻨﻘــﺎط ﻋﺎﻟﯿـﺔ اﻟﺤـﺮارة ﻓﻰ‬
‫‪plant.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄــﻮط اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿــﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪► Cryogenic leak detection in‬‬
‫◄ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﺮﺑـﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬
‫‪storage tanks.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀـﺔ ﺟـﺪا ﺑﺎﻟﺨـﺰاﻧـﺎت ‪.‬‬
‫‪► Subsurface temperature‬‬
‫‪monitoring of oil production‬‬ ‫◄ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒــﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾــﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﺎﻛـــــﻦ‬
‫‪wells.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮھـﺎت آﺑــﺎر اﻟﺒﺘــﺮول‪.‬‬
‫‪► Advanced linear heat fire‬‬ ‫◄ اﻟﻜﺸــﻒ اﻟﺤـــﺮارى اﻟﺨﻄـــــﻰ‬
‫‪detection for tunnels.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄــﻮر ﻓـﻰ ﺣﺮاﺋـــﻖ اﻷﻧﻔـــﺎق‪.‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿــﺎ اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ اﻟﺨﻄـﻰ ﻟﻠﺤـﺮارة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻷﻟﯿـﺎف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﯿـﺔ‬
‫) ‪Distributed Temperature Sensing ( DTS‬‬

‫‪DESIGN CRITERIA‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤــﺪدات اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤـــﺎت‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Multiple loop capability‬‬ ‫• ﻗـــــﺪرة دواﺋـــــــﺮ اﻟﻜﺸــﻒ ﺗﺼــﻞ‬
‫‪up to 8 km‬‬ ‫إﻟــﻰ طــﻮل ‪ 8‬ﻛــﻢ‪.‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Fire authority approval‬‬ ‫• ﺗﺤﻈــــــﻰ ﺑﺘﺮﺧﯿــــﺺ اﻟﺠﮭــــــﺎت‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Loop design for high‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺆﻟـــﺔ ﻋــــﻦ اﻷﻣــــﺎن‪.‬‬
‫‪integrity & fast response‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿـــﻢ دواﺋــــﺮ ﻛﺸـــــﻒ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿـﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣــﻞ ‪،‬و ﺳﺮﯾﻌــﺔ‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Wide temperature range:‬‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑـﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Acrylate: range – 40 °c to +‬‬
‫‪90°c‬‬ ‫• ﻣـــﺪى درﺟـﺎت ﺣﺮارة ﻛﺒﯿـــﺮ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Polyimide : range – 185 °c‬‬ ‫◄ آﻛﺮﯾـﻼت‪ : - 40°‬م ‪/+ 0‬‬
‫‪to + 300 °c‬‬ ‫‪8 °‬م‬
‫◄ ﺑﻮﻟﯿﻤﯿﺪ ‪ : - 185°‬م ‪/+‬‬
‫‪ 300 °‬م‬
‫آﻛﺮاﻟﯿﺖ‪ :‬أﺣﺪ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤــﺮز & ﺑﻮﻟﯿﻤﯿﺪ‪ :‬أﺣﺪ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤــﺮز‬
‫‪31‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿــﺎ اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ اﻟﺨﻄـﻰ ﻟﻠﺤـﺮارة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻷﻟﯿـﺎف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﯿـﺔ‬
‫) ‪Distributed Temperature Sensing ( DTS‬‬

‫‪DESIGN CRITERIA‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑـــﻊ ﻣﺤــﺪدات اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤـــﺎت‬

‫)‪(continued‬‬

‫‪• Metal jacket for best‬‬ ‫ذات درع ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ‪: -‬‬
‫‪results‬‬
‫◄ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ ‪ 316‬اﻟﺬى ﻻ ﯾﺼﺪأ ‪.‬‬
‫‪316 stainless steel‬‬
‫◄ ﻋﻠــــﻰ ﺷﻜــﻞ أﻧﺒﻮﺑــﺔ ‪ ф 3‬ﻣــﻢ‬
‫‪3 mm diam tube – factory‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﮭـﺰ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺼﻨــﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪inserted fiber‬‬ ‫‪ ،،‬ﺗﺠﮭـﺰ‬ ‫‪،،‬‬ ‫◄ ‪،،‬‬
‫‪6 mm diam tube – field blown‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗــﻊ ‪ ф 6‬ﻣـــــﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪fiber‬‬ ‫◄ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻤﻨﺎﻋـﺔ ﺿـــﺪ اﻟﻤﺠــــــﺎﻻت‬
‫‪Emc immunity & hazardous‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿـــﺔ & و ﻋﻠــﻰ‬
‫‪area safety‬‬
‫ﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطــﻖ اﻟﺨﻄﯿــﺮة‪.‬‬
‫◄ ﺻﺪﯾﻘـﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﯿﺌـﺔ و ﻻ ﺗﺸﻜــــــﻞ‬
‫‪Safe for human exposure‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄــﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺸـــﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪32‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿــﺎ اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ اﻟﺨﻄـﻰ ﻟﻠﺤـﺮارة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻷﻟﯿـﺎف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﯿـﺔ‬
‫) ‪Distributed Temperature Sensing ( DTS‬‬

‫‪MULTIPLE‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘـــﺎت ﻣﺘﻌــﺪدة اﻷﻏــﺮاض‬

‫‪FUNCTIONALITY‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Separate determination of‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ( ﻣﻨﻔﺮد ) ﻟﺪرﺟـــــﺎت‬ ‫•‬
‫‪peaks & averages‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ و ﻗﯿﻤﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Differentiation between fire‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿـﺰ ﺑﯿـﻦ اﻟﺤﺮاﺋــﻖ و ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪and ambient conditions‬‬
‫اﻟﺠـﻮ اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻂ و اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ‪: -‬‬
‫‪Average temperature for‬‬
‫‪ventilation control‬‬
‫درﺟــــﺔ اﻟﺤــــــﺮارة اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄــﺔ‬ ‫◄‬
‫‪peak temperature for fire‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﮭﻮﯾـــﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪control‬‬
‫درﺟــــﺔ اﻟﺤــﺮارة اﻟﻘﺼـــــــﻮى‬ ‫◄‬
‫•‬ ‫& ‪Post data processing‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺮاﺋــــﻖ ‪.‬‬
‫‪condition monitoring‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘـﻮم ﺑﺈرﺳـﺎل ﺑﯿﺎﻧـــﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿــﻞ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺒـﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟـــﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘــﺔ‬
‫‪33‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﯿــﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫…‪In conclusion‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻـــــــــﺔ‬
‫‪• In order to enhance safety,‬‬
‫• ﺗﺤﻘﯿــﻖ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﯾﻔـﺮض أن ﺗﻘــﻮم ﻧﻈـــﻢ ‪fire detection systems need‬‬
‫اﻟﻜﺸــﻒ ﻋــﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾــﻖ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﯾــﻢ ﻣﺴﺘـﻮى ‪to provide a higher level of‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت وأن ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﻤــﻞ ‪information and continue to‬‬
‫‪operate throughout the‬‬
‫‪emergency situation‬‬ ‫طـــﻮال ﺣـــﺎﻻت اﻟﻄـــــﻮارىء ‪.‬‬
‫‪• Fiber optic based‬‬ ‫• إن اﻟﻜﺸــﻒ اﻟﺤـــﺮارى اﻟﺨﻄـﻰ اﻟﻤــﻮزع‬
‫‪distributed linear heat‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﺘﺨــــﺪام اﻵﻟﯿـــﺎف اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿــﺔ ﯾﺸﻜــــﻞ‬
‫طﺮﯾﻘــــﺔ إﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾــﺔ و ذﻛﯿـــــﺔ ﻟﻨﻈــــــﺎم ‪detection is a cost effective‬‬
‫‪intelligent heat detection‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺸـــﻒ اﻟﺤــﺮاري اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗــﺰود ﻣﺮاﻗﺒــﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﯿـــﻞ اﻻﻧﻔــﺎق ﺑﺎﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧــﺎت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑــﺔ‪that provides the features .‬‬
‫‪required.‬‬

‫‪34‬‬
‫اﻟﻛواﺷــف اﻟﻣﺗﻌــددة ‪Multisensor Detector‬‬

‫‪Multisensor detectors‬‬ ‫ھـﻮ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﺷـﻒ اﻟﺘــﻰ‬

‫‪are general purpose‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤـﺪ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﺸﻌـــــﺎر‬
‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ظﺎھــﺮة )ﻧﺎﺗﺞ( ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ‬
‫‪detectors which‬‬
‫اﻟﺤــــﺮﯾﻖ ‪،‬و ھـــﺬا اﻟﻜﺎﺷــــــــــﻒ‬
‫‪respond well to a wide‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤــــﺰدوج ﯾﺠﻤـﻊ ﻣـــﺎ ﺑﯿـــــــــــﻦ‬
‫‪range of fires.‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺸﻌــــﺎر اﻟﺤـﺮارة و اﻟﺪﺧـــﺎن‪.‬‬
‫‪35‬‬
 ‫ﻛﺎﺷﻒ أول أوﻛﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ) ) ك ا ‪Carbon Monoxide CO‬‬
‫‪Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a‬‬ ‫إن ﻏــــــــﺎز أول أوﻛﺴﯿـــــــــﺪ‬
‫‪poisonous gas produced by a‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑــﻮن ك ا ﻏﺎز ﺳـــﺎم ﯾﻨﺘﺞ ﻋـــﻦ‬
‫‪combustion and a CO fire‬‬
‫‪detector is used to indicate the‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣـــﺘﺮاق و ﻛﺎﺷـــﻒ ك ا ﯾُﺴﺘﺨــﺪم‬
‫‪outbreak of a fire by sensing the‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟــﺔ ﻋﻠـــــﻰ إﺷﺘﻌــــﺎل ﺣﺮﯾــــــﻖ‬
‫‪level of Co in the air. The‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺸــﻒ ﻋــــﻦ ﻣﺴﺘــﻮى ﻏــﺎز ك ا‬
‫‪detector has an electrochemical‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﮭـﻮاء ‪،‬اﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ ﯾﺤﺘـﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫‪cell which senses CO, not smoke‬‬ ‫ﻛﮭﺮوﻛﯿﻤﺎﺋﯿـﺔ ﺗﺸﻌـﺮﺑﺎﻟﻐـﺎز ﻓﻘﻂ – أى‬
‫‪or other combustion products.‬‬
‫‪The cells do not require much‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﺎن‪ ...‬اﻟﺦ ‪ -‬اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫‪power, so the detector can be‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ﻟﺬا ﯾﻤﻜﻦ إﻋﺘﺒـــــﺎر‬
‫‪made electrically compatible‬‬ ‫ھﺬا اﻟﻜﺎﺷـــﻒ ﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘــﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺎﺷﻔـــﻰ‬
‫‪with ordinary smoke and heat‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺧـــﺎن و اﻟﺤـــﺮارة اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺎدﯾــــــﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪detectors.‬‬
‫إن ﻛﻮاﺷــﻒ ك ا ﺟﯿــﺪة ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫‪CO detectors are particularly good‬‬
‫‪at detecting deep-seated‬‬ ‫ﻹﻛﺘﺸـــﺎف اﻟﺤﺮاﺋﻖ ﻋﻤﯿﻘﺔ‬
‫‪smouldering fires.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐــــﻮر ‪.‬‬

‫‪36‬‬
 ‫ﻛواﺷــــف أول أوﻛﺳﯾــد اﻟﻛرﺑــون‬
‫‪Carbon Monoxide Detectors‬‬

‫ﻛﻮاﺷـﻒ أول أوﻛﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬

‫‪Carbon Monoxide Detectors‬‬

‫‪37‬‬
‫ﻛﻮاﺷــﻒ ﺗﺴـﺮب اﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠـﺔ ﻟﻺﺷﺘﻌـﺎل‬
‫‪Combustible Gas Detectors‬‬

‫‪38‬‬
 ‫ﻛﻮاﺷــــﻒ ھﯿﺪوﻟﯿﻜﯿــــﺔ ‪ /‬ﺣﺮارﯾـــــﺔ & ﻣﻄﻔـــﺄت‬
‫‪Pneumatic / Heat Fire Detectors & Extinguishers‬‬

‫‪39‬‬
 ‫ﻛﻮاﺷــــﻒ ھﯿﺪوﻟﯿﻜﯿــــﺔ ‪ /‬ﺣﺮارﯾـــــﺔ & ﻣﻄﻔـــﺄت‬
‫‪Pneumatic / Heat Fire Detectors & Extinguishers‬‬

‫‪40‬‬
 ‫ﻛﻮاﺷــــﻒ ھﯿﺪوﻟﯿﻜﯿــــﺔ ‪ /‬ﺣﺮارﯾـــــﺔ & ﻣﻄﻔـــﺄت‬
‫‪Pneumatic / Heat Fire Detectors & Extinguishers‬‬

‫رأس ﺗﺤﻜــﻢ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻐـﺎز‬

‫‪Pneumatic Control Head‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺷﻒ ﺣﺮﯾﻖ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮارة و ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻐـﺎز‬

‫‪Pneumatic Heat Fire Detector‬‬

‫ﻣﻄﻔﺌـﺔ ﺣــﺮﯾﻖ (طـﺮاز ﻏـﺎز ﻣﺤﺒﻮس )‬

‫) ‪Fire Extinguisher (Pressurized Type‬‬

‫‪41‬‬
 ‫ﻛﺎﺷﻔـــــﺎت اﻟﺣرﯾــــق‪FIRE ALARM DETECTORS‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺷـــف ﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛــﻲ ‪MECHANICAL DETECTOR‬‬

‫ﺗﺑﺧـــــر ﺳﺎﺋــــــل‬ ‫اﻧﺻﮭـــﺎر‪ /‬ﺗﻣـدد ﺟﺳــم ﺻﻠــــب‬

‫‪A LIQUID‬‬ ‫‪A SOLID BODY MELTING /‬‬
‫‪EVAPORATION‬‬ ‫‪EXPANSION‬‬

‫رﺷﺎﺷـــﺎت ﻣـــﺎء … اﻟﺦ‬ ‫وﺻﻠــــﺔ ﺣرارﯾــــﺔ‬

‫‪Water, ... Sprinklers‬‬ ‫‪Thermal Link‬‬

‫‪T= 75°C‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬

‫‪42‬‬
‫‪Listed Fusible Links‬‬ ‫وﺻــﻼت ﺣـﺮارﯾــﺔ ﻗﯿﺎﺳﯿــــﺔ‬

‫‪43‬‬
‫‪Upright‬‬ ‫رأﺳــﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠــــﻖ ‪Pendent‬‬

‫ﻣﻐﻄــﻰ ‪Concealed‬‬

‫رﺷﺎﺷـــــﺎت ﻣـــــــﺎء‬
‫ﺳﺮﯾـــﻊ اﻹﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑـــﺔ‬
‫‪Water, ... Sprinklers‬‬
‫‪Quick-Response‬‬
‫ﻏﺎطــﺲ ‪Recessed‬‬
‫‪44‬‬
‫‪ 3.‬اﻟﻄــﺮز اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـــﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺣــﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻜـﻢ ﻓــﻰ ﻧﻈــــﻢ‬
‫اﻹﻧـــﺬار ﺿــــﺪ اﻟﺤـﺮﯾــــﻖ‬
‫‪3. Types of the Fire Alarm‬‬
‫‪Control Panels‬‬

‫‪45‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻮﺣـــﺔ ﺗﺤﻜــﻢ ﻣﻌـﻨــﻮﻧـــﺔ‬
‫‪Addressable Control Panel‬‬
‫‪46‬‬
 ‫داﺋﺮة ﻛﮭﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ ) ‪ 8‬ﺣﻠﻘـﺎت (‬
‫‪47‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻓـﻰ إﻧـﺬار اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ‬

‫ﻧﻈــــﺎم إﻧــﺬار ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣـﻞ ﺿــﺪ اﻟﺤﺮﯾـــﻖ‬

‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪Integrated Fire Alarm System‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫إﺧﺘﺒـﺎر و ﺑـﺪأ ﺗﺸﻐﯿـﻞ أﻧﻈـﻤـﺔ اﻹﻧــﺬار‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﯾـــﻖ‬
‫‪4. Commissioning & Testing‬‬
‫‪of the Fire Alarm systems‬‬

‫‪49‬‬
 ‫‪ 4.‬إﺧﺘﺒـﺎر و ﺑـﺪأ ﺗﺸﻐﯿـﻞ أﻧﻈـﻤـﺔ اﻹﻧــﺬار ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﯾـــﻖ‬
‫‪4. Commissioning & Testing‬‬
‫‪SYSTEM NETWOK: -‬‬
‫‪1.1 Make final review and check‬‬
‫‪the network circuitry‬‬
‫‪characteristics according to the‬‬
‫‪final approved* design, and‬‬
‫‪prepare the as-built drawings.‬‬
‫‪1.2 Take care to keep the‬‬
‫‪documents related system network‬‬
‫‪preventive maintenance program‬‬
‫‪in good order, and enough copies‬‬
‫‪too.‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪SYSTEM COMPONENTS : -‬‬
‫‪2.1 Start to make the initial‬‬
‫‪visual and conformity inspection of‬‬
‫‪the system components according‬‬
‫‪to the manufacturer instructions,‬‬
‫ﻹن ذﻟﻚ ﯾﺘﺨﻄـﻰ اﻟﺠﺮﻋـــﮫ اﻻﻣﻨــﮫ ﻟﻺﺷﻌـــﺎع اﻟﺼــﺎدر‬
‫‪for example don’t store more than‬‬
‫‪30 ionization detectors particularly‬‬
‫‪in adjacent packages‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺷﺒﻜــﺔ اﻟﻨﻈــﺎم‪: -‬‬
‫‪ 1.1‬ﻗُــــﻢ ﺑﺈﺟـــﺮاء اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌـــﺔ و اﻟﻔﺤـــﺺ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻰ اﻟﺨـﺎص‬
‫ﺑﺪواﺋـﺮ اﻟﺸﺒﻜـﺔ طﺒﻘــﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﯿـﻢ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋـﻰ اﻟ ُﻤﻌﺘﻤـــﺪ ‪،‬و‬
‫قٌ◌ُ ◌ُ ◌ُ ـــﻢ ﺑﺈﻋــــﺪاد رﺳﻮﻣـــﺎت اﻟﺸﺒﻜـﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻔــــﺬه‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﯿــــــــﺎ ً ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 1.2‬اﻋﺘﻨـﻰ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺘﻔـﺎظ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋـﻖ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣـﺞ ﺻﯿﺎﻧـــﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈـــﺎم اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﯿـــﺔ ﻓـﻰ ﺻـﻮرة ﻣﻨﻈﻤـﺔ ‪،‬و ﺑﻌـــﺪد ﻣــــﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴـﺦ اﻟﻜﺎﻓﯿـــــﺔ ﻣﻨﮭــــﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2.‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧـﺎت اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم ‪: -‬‬
‫‪ 2.1‬إﺑـــﺪأ ﻓـﻰ اﻟﻘﯿــــﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺘﯿﺶ اﻟﺒﺼــــﺮى ‪،‬و اﻟﻌـﻤﻠــــــﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧـــﺎت اﻟﻨﻈـــــﺎم طﺒﻘـــــــﺎ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤــــﺎت اﻟ ُﻤﺼﻨــﻊ ‪،‬و‬
‫ﻋﻠـــﻰ ﺳﺒﯿـــــﻞ اﻟﻤﺜـﺎل ﻣﺮاﻋــﺎة ﻋــــﺪم ﺗﺨﺰﯾــﻦ ﻋــﺪد‬
‫أﻛﺜــــﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﯿــــﻦ ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ أﯾﻮﻧـﻰ ﻓــﻰ ﺣﯿــﺰ واﺣــــﺪ‬
‫ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻤـــﺎدة اﻟﻤﺸﻌــــﺔ ” أﻣﺮﻛﯿــــﻮم ” ‪ 24‬اﻟﻤﺆﯾﻨـــﺔ‬
‫و اﻟﻤﻮﺟـــﻮدة ﺑﻜـــﻞ ﻛﺎﺷــــﻒ ﺣﺮﯾــــــــــﻖ أﯾﻮﻧــــﻰ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Final approved* design: i.e. it is complying with relevant codes, and clients demands‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
 ‫‪ . 4‬إﺧﺘﺒـﺎر و ﺑـﺪأ ﺗﺸﻐﯿـﻞ أﻧﻈـﻤـﺔ اﻹﻧــﺬار ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﯾـــﻖ‬

‫‪2. SYSTEM COMPONENTS: -‬‬ ‫‪ . 2‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧـﺎت اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم‪- :‬‬

‫‪2.2 Take care to keep the‬‬
‫‪related components catalogues‬‬
‫‪in good order, and enough‬‬
‫‪copies too.‬‬
‫‪2.3 Take care to keep the‬‬
‫‪related commissioning & testing‬‬
‫‪components catalogues in good‬‬
‫‪order, and enough copies too.‬‬
‫‪2.4 Take care to keep the‬‬
‫‪related running & maintenance‬‬
‫‪components catalogues in good‬‬
‫‪order, and enough copies too.‬‬
‫‪ 2.5‬إﻋﺘﻨـﻰ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺘﻔــــﺎظ ﺑﻘﻄــﻊ اﻟﻐﯿــﺎراﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘــﺔ‬
‫‪2.5 Take care to keep the‬‬
‫‪related spare components in‬‬
‫‪good order, and enough‬‬
‫‪numbers according to the‬‬
‫‪manufacturer instructions.‬‬
‫‪ 2.2‬إﻋﺘﻨـﻰ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺘﻔــﺎظ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﻟﻮﺟــﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘـــﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻜﻮﻧـﺎت اﻟﻨﻈــــﺎم ﻓـﻰ ﺻـــﻮرة ﻣﻨﻈﻤـــــــﺔ‬
‫‪،‬و ﺑﺄﻋـــﺪاد ﻛﺎﻓﯿــــﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2.3‬إﻋﺘﻨـﻰ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﻟﻮﺟﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺒﺪأ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿـــﻞ واﻹﺧﺘﺒـــﺎر ﻓـﻰ ﺻــﻮرة ﻣﻨﻈﻤـــﺔ‬
‫‪،‬و ﺑﺄﻋــﺪاد ﻛﺎﻓﯿــــــﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2.4‬إﻋﺘﻨـﻰ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﻟﻮﺟﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘــــــﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺸﻐﯿـــﻞ اﻟﻨﻈـــــﻢ و ﺻﯿﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗـــــــــــﮫ‬
‫ﻓـﻰ ﺻــﻮرة ﻣﻨﻈﻤــــﺔ ‪،‬و ﺑﺄﻋــﺪاد ﻛﺎﻓﯿــــــﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈـــــﺎم و ﺑﺼﯿﺎﻧــﺔ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗــﮫ ‪،‬و ﺑﺎﻷﻋـﺪاد‬
‫اﻟﻜﺎﻓﯿــــﮫ ﻓـﻰ ﺻــﻮرة ﻣﻨﻈﻤـــــﺔ ‪،‬و طﺒﻘـــــﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨـﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﺎت ُ‬

‫‪Final approved* design: i.e. it is complying with relevant codes, and clients demands‬‬
‫‪51‬‬
 ‫‪ . 4‬إﺧﺘﺒـﺎر و ﺑـﺪأ ﺗﺸﻐﯿـﻞ أﻧﻈـﻤـﺔ اﻹﻧــﺬار ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﯾـــﻖ‬

‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪SYSTEM INSTALLATION‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪ . 3‬ﺗﻨﻔﯿـــﺬ اﻟﻨﻈــﺎم‪- :‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪3.1 Make sure to attend each‬‬
‫‪zone commissioning and testing‬‬ ‫‪ 3.1‬ﯾﺠـﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻮاﺟـــﺪ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺸﻐﯿــــﻞ و اﺧﺘﺒـﺎر‬
‫‪according the related BS*, NPFA,‬‬ ‫ﻛـﻞ ﻣﻨﺎطــﻖ اﻟﺤﺮﯾــﻖ ‪،‬و أن ﺗﺠــﺮى وﻓﻘــــﺎ‬
‫‪and Egyptian codes, including‬‬
‫‪individual detectors testing,‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔـــﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺮﯾــﺔ ‪،‬و اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿــــــــــﺔ‬
‫‪manual alarm stations, audible‬‬ ‫و اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﯿـﺔ ‪،‬و أن ﯾﺸﻤـﻞ ذﻟﻚ إﺧﺘﺒـﺎر ﻛـــﻞ‬
‫‪and visual components …etc, and‬‬
‫‪any related auto-programmed‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷـــﻒ ‪،‬و ﺟﻤﯿــﻊ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﯿــﺢ اﻹﻧـﺬار اﻟﯿﺪوﯾـﺔ‬
‫‪ancillaries.‬‬ ‫‪،‬و وﺳﺎﺋــــﻞ اﻹﻧـﺬار اﻟﺴﻤﻌﯿـﺔ و اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿــــﺔ‬
‫‪3.2 Perform entire system‬‬
‫‪ ...‬اﻟــﺦ ‪،‬و أﯾــــﺔ اﺟﮭـــــﺰة ﺗﺤﻜـــﻢ ﺗﺎﺑﻌــــﺔ‬
‫‪commissioning and testing‬‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣـﺞ اﻹﻧـﺬار و اﻹﺧــﻼء‪.‬‬
‫‪according the related BS, NPFA,‬‬
‫‪and Egyptian codes, including‬‬
‫‪individual detectors testing,‬‬
‫‪manual alarm stations, audible‬‬ ‫ق ُ◌ـﻢ ﺑﺘﺸﻐﯿـﻞ و اﺧﺘﺒـﺎر اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠـﮫ‬ ‫‪ُ 3.2‬‬
‫‪and visual components …etc, and‬‬ ‫طﺒﻘـــﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔــــﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺮﯾــــــﺔ ‪،‬و‬
‫‪any related auto-programmed‬‬
‫‪ancillaries.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿـــــﺔ و اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﯿـــــــﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪BS* : 5839 Part 1‬‬

‫‪52‬‬
 ‫إدارة و ﺗﺸﻐﯿـــــــﻞ اﻟﻨﻈــــــــﺎم ‪5.‬‬
‫‪5. SYSTEM MANAGEMENT‬‬

‫‪53‬‬
 ‫أﺻــﻮل ‪ /‬ﺧﻄـﻮات ﺑﻨـﺎء ﻧﻈـﻢ اﻹﻧــﺬار ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﯾـــﻖ‬

‫‪5. SYSTEM‬‬ ‫‪ . 5‬إدارة و ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻟﻨﻈــﺎم‪- :‬‬

‫‪MANAGEMENT: -‬‬ ‫‪ 5.1‬اﻟﺘـــﺰم ﺗﻤﺎﻣــﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤـﺎت ‪،‬و اﻟﻨﺼﺎﺋـﺢ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻨﻊ ) ﻣــــﺎ ﻟــــــﻢ ﺗﺘﻌﺎرض ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟﻔﻨﯿـﺔ ُ‬
‫‪5.1 Adopt the system‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔـــﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿــﺔ ‪،‬و ھـــﺬه ﺣﺎﻟــــﺔ‬
‫‪manufacturer technical advices‬‬ ‫ﻧــــﺎدرة ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒــــــﻊ ( ﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿــﻞ و ﺻﯿﺎﻧـﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈــﺎم‪.‬‬
‫‪for running and maintaining‬‬
‫‪the system.‬‬ ‫‪ 5.2‬ﺑـﺎدر ﺑﻌﻤـﻞ اﻟﺪﻓﺎﺗـﺮ و اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋـﻖ اﻟﺘـﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺼــــﺢ ﺑﮭـﺎ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔــﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿــﺔ و‬
‫‪5.2 Initiate all standards and‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﯿـﻦ ﻓﯿﻤــــﺎ ﯾﺨـﺺ اﻟﻨﻈــﺎم اﻟــﺬى ﺗـﻢ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫‪manufacturer recommended‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺒـﮫ‪.‬‬
‫‪technical recommended log-‬‬
‫‪books for the installed system.‬‬ ‫‪ 5.3‬إﺣﺘﻔـــﻆ ﺑﻨﺴﺨــﺔ ﻣـــﻦ ﺷﮭــــﺎدات‬
‫‪5.3 Keep a copy of the system‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨـﻊ أو ﻣﻘـﺎول‬
‫اﻟﻀﻤـــﺎن اﻟﺘـﻰ ﯾﻘﺪﻣﮭــﺎ ُ‬
‫‪guarantee certificates.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎطــﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪5.4 Keep all the related‬‬ ‫‪ 5.4‬إﺣﺘﻔــﻆ ﺑﺠﻤﯿــﻊ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋــﻖ‬
‫‪system documents in an orderly‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﻤـــــﺔاﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠــﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈــﺎم و ﺑﺼـــﻮرة‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒـﺔ ‪،‬و ﻣﺒﯿﻨـــــﺔ ﻟﻜﺎﻓــــﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣــﺎت‬
‫‪file showing all relevant data.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﯿـﺪة و اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘــﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈــﺎم‪.‬‬

‫‪BS* : 5839 Part 1‬‬

‫‪54‬‬
‫أﺳﺲ ﺗﺼﻤﯿــﻢ ﻧﻈــﻢ اﻹﻧــﺬار ﺿــﺪ اﻟﺤـﺮﯾــــﻖ ‪6.‬‬
‫‪6. Fire Alarm Systems Design‬‬
‫‪Concepts‬‬

‫‪55‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺒـــــــﺪأ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾــــﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿـــﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾــــﻖ‬
‫‪Overall Fire Protection Concept‬‬
‫‪ 5.‬ﺣﻤﺎﯾــــﺔ اﻟﻤﺸـــــﺎ ﻣــــﻦ اﻟﺤــﺮﯾـــــــﻖ ‪ /‬اﻟﺘﻠــــــــﻮث‬
‫‪5. Structural fire protection / containment‬‬
‫‪ 4.‬أﻧﻈﻤـــــﺔ اﻹطﻔـــــﺎء اﻵﻟﯿــــــﺔ و اﻟﯿﺪوﯾــــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ‬
‫‪4. Automatic and manual suppression systems‬‬
‫‪ 3.‬إﺧـــــــﻼء ﺷﺎﻏﻠـــــــﻰ اﻟﻣﺑﻧــــــﻰ‬
‫‪3. Evacuation of building occupants‬‬

‫‪ 2.‬اﻟﻛﺷــــف اﻵﻟـــــﻰ و اﻟﯾـــــــــدوى ﻋــن اﻟﺣـرﯾـــــــــــق‬

‫‪2. Automatic and manual fire detection‬‬

‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣـﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﻣﯾــﺔ ‪،‬و اﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫‪،‬واﻟﻐرﻓــﺔ ‪،‬و اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾــــﺔ ‪ ...‬اﻟــﺦ‬
‫‪1. Area of Protection‬‬
‫‪buildings, room, process…etc‬‬
‫ﻣﻨــﻊ اﻟﺘﺪﺧﯿــﻦ ‪،‬وإﺧﺘﺼـﺎر ﺣﺠــﻢ اﻟﻨﯿﺮان ‪ ...‬اﻟﺦ‬
‫‪Smoking prohibition, fire load reduction …etc‬‬

‫اﻟﻛﺷــــــــــــــــف ﻋـــن اﻟدﺧـﺎن ‪،‬و إﻧــذار اﻟﺳﻛـــــﺎن ‪،‬و إﺳﺗدﻋـــــﺎء اﻟﻣطﺎﻓـــــــــﺊ‬

‫‪Smoke detection, occupant warning, calling the fire department‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﻣﺧﺎرج ‪،‬و أﻧـوار اﻟطوارئ ‪،‬و اﻹﺗﺻﺎﻻت اﻟداﺧﻠﯾــــــﺔ‬
‫‪Exit signs, emergency lighting, intercom …etc‬‬
‫ھﻨﺪﺳــﺔ ﻣﻌﻤﺎرﯾــﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣــﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﯾــﻖ ‪،‬و ﻣﺮاﻋــﺎة ﻋﻤــﻞ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬
‫‪Fire resistive architecture, compartmentation‬‬

‫‪56‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒــﺪأ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾــﺔ ﻣـن اﻟﺣرﯾــق ﻣﺘﻌــﺪدة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾــﺎت ‪Multilevel fire protection concept‬‬
57
 ‫إﻧﺘﻘــﺎء ﻧﻈـــﺎم ﻛﺸـــﻒ ﻣﻼﺋــــﻢ‬
‫‪Choosing a suitable detector system‬‬
‫‪Choosing a suitable detector system: -‬‬ ‫إﻧﺘﻘــﺎء ﻧﻈـــﺎم ﻛﺸـــﻒ ﻣﻼﺋــــﻢ ‪: -‬‬
‫‪Which detectors need to be specified, where, depends‬‬ ‫أىُ اﻟﻜﻮاﺷــﻒ اﻟﻤﻄﻠـﻮب ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﮭـﺎ ؟ و أﯾـﻦ أﯾﻀـﺎ ؟ ﯾﺘﻮﻗــﻒ‬
‫‪on the :‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘــــﺎﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪► Monitoring category or the general‬‬
‫◄ ﻣﻌﯿــﺎر اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒـﺔ أو اﻷﻏــﺮاض اﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒـﺔ ﻟﻨﻈــﺎم‬
‫‪monitoring objectives of the fire detection‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺸــــﻒ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺤـﺮﯾــــﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪system.‬‬
‫◄ إرﺗﻔــﺎع ﺳﻘــﻒ اﻟﺤﺠـــــﺮة‪.‬‬
‫‪► Room height.‬‬
‫◄ اﻟﻈــﺮوف اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿـــــﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄــــﺔ ﻣﺘﻀﻤﻨﻨـــﺔ اﻟﻈﻮاھــــﺮ‬
‫‪► Environmental conditions, including‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎدﻋـــﺔ ( اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻛﺴـــﺔ )‬
‫‪deceptive phenomena.‬‬
‫‪I. Choosing a detector for normal‬‬ ‫‪ I .‬إﻧﺘﻘــــﺎء ﻛﻮاﺷـــﻒ ﻣﻼﺋـﻤـــــﺔ‬
‫‪applications: -‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘـــــــﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺘــــــﺎدة ‪: -‬‬
‫‪► Normally a smoke detector can be chosen‬‬ ‫◄ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺘـﺎد أﻧـﮫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ إﻧﺘﻘـﺎء ﻛﺎﺷﻒ دﺧـﺎن طﺒﻘـﺎ ﻟﻠﺠـﺪول‬
‫‪based on the following table, provided that‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘـﺎﻟﻰ ‪،‬و ﺑﺈ ﻓﺘـﺮاض أن اﻟﻌﻮاﻣـﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻛﺴـﺔ ﻓـﻰ ﺣﺪھـــﺎ‬
‫‪disturbance variables are minor and occur‬‬ ‫اﻷدﻧــﻰ و ﺗﺤــﺪث ﻧـﺎدرا ‪،‬و اﻟﺸــﺮط اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴــﻰ ﻹﻧﺘﻘـــﺎء‬
‫‪only rarely. The principle criteria for‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ و ﺣﺰﻣـﺔ ﺧـﻮاﺻﮫ أو ﻣﻘـﺪار ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺘــﮫ ‪ :‬ھــﻮ‬
‫‪choosing a detector and parameter set or sensitivity‬‬
‫اﻟﮭـﺪف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒـﺔ ‪،‬و إﺿﺎﻓـﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟـﻚ ﺗﻘﯿﯿـﻢ ﻣﺨﺎطـﺮ‬
‫‪are the monitoring objective and the assessment of‬‬
‫اﻟﺤــﺮﯾــﻖ اﻟﻤﻌـــﺮض ﻟـــﮫ‪.‬‬
‫‪the fire risk exposure.‬‬

‫‪58‬‬
‫‪Monitoring‬‬ ‫‪Projection /‬‬ ‫‪Detectors‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿـــــﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠــــــﻮب ‪/‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮاﺷـــــﻒ‬
‫‪Category‬‬ ‫‪Monitoring Objective‬‬ ‫‪Opto Poly Thermo‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒــﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭـﺪف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒــﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارﯾـﺔ ﻣﺘﻌـــﺪدة ﺿﻮﺋﯿــﺔ‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪- Flaming incipient fire‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺮﯾــﻖ ﯾﺒﺘـــﺪأ ﻣﺘﻮھـﺠــﺎ‬

‫‪II‬‬ ‫‪- Flaming incipient fire‬‬ ‫‪II‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺮﯾــﻖ ﯾﺒﺘـــﺪأ ﻣﺘﻮھـﺠـــﺎ‬

‫‪- Smoldering incipient‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺮﯾــﻖ ﯾﺒﺘـــﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧــــﺎن‬
‫)‪fire (desired‬‬

‫‪III‬‬ ‫‪- Flaming incipient fire‬‬ ‫‪III‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺮﯾــﻖ ﯾﺒﺘـــﺪأ ﻣﺘﻮھـﺠـــﺎ‬

‫‪- Smoldering incipient‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺮﯾــﻖ ﯾﺒﺘـــﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧــــﺎن‬
‫‪fire‬‬

‫‪Optimally suited‬‬ ‫‪Suited‬‬ ‫ﺣـــﺪ أدﻧــﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺒــﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺋـــــــــﻢ‬

‫‪Conditionally suited‬‬ ‫‪Un suited‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺒـﻮل ﺑﺸـﺮوط‬ ‫ﻏﯿـﺮ ﻣﻼﺋـــــــﻢ‬

‫‪Influence of the room height: -‬‬ ‫ﺗـﺄﺛﯿــﺮ إرﺗﻔـــﺎع ﺳﻘــﻒ اﻟﺤﺠــﺮة‪- :‬‬
‫‪With increasing of room height the influence‬‬
‫ﻋﻨـﺪ إرﺗﻔـﺎع ﺳﻘـﻒ اﻟﻐﺮﻓــﺔ ﻗـﺪ زاد ﺑﺪرﺟـﺔ ﻛﺒﯿـﺮة ﻓـﺈن‬
‫‪of fire phenomena weakens which means‬‬
‫‪that more sensitive detectors must be‬‬ ‫اﻟﻈـﻮاھـﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﺒـﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﯾـﻖ ﺗﻀﻌـــﻒ ‪،‬و ھـــﺬا ﯾﻌﻨـﻰ‬

‫‪installed.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟـﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿــﺐ ﻛﻮاﺷــــﻒ أﻛﺜــــﺮ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿــــﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪59‬‬
 ‫إﻧﺗﻘــﺎء ﻧظـــﺎم ﻛﺷـــف ﻣﻼﺋــــم‬
‫‪Choosing a suitable detector system‬‬

‫‪Room‬‬ ‫‪Suitable detector‬‬ ‫‪Suitability‬‬ ‫إرﺗﻔـﺎع‬ ‫طـﺮاز اﻟﻜﺎﺷـﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻤــــﻼﺋﻤـــــﺔ‬

‫‪Height‬‬ ‫‪type‬‬ ‫‪Flaming Fire Smoldering‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮﻓـــــﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳــﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﯾـﻖ ﻣﺘﻮھـﺞ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﯾـﻖ ‪ +‬دﺧﺎن‬

‫‪≤6m‬‬ ‫)‪Heat detector (Cl .2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪≤6m‬‬ ‫)‪ (Cl .2‬ﻛﺎﺷــﻒ ﺣـــﺮارى‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪≤ 7.5 m‬‬ ‫)‪Heat detector (Cl .1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪≤ 7.5 m‬‬ ‫)‪ (Cl .1‬ﻛﺎﺷــﻒ ﺣـــﺮارى‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪≤ 12 m‬‬ ‫‪Smoke detector‬‬ ‫‪≤ 12 m‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷــﻒ دﺧــــﺎن‬

‫‪12-20 m Smoke detector / or‬‬

‫‪ /‬ﻛﺎﺷــﻒ دﺧــــﺎن ‪12-20 m‬‬ ‫أو‬
‫‪Linear Smoke‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷــﻒ دﺧــــﺎن‬ ‫ﺧﻄــــﻰ‬
‫‪detector‬‬

‫‪≤ 20 m‬‬ ‫‪Flame detector‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪≤ 20 m‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻛﺎﺷــﻒ ﻟﮭــــــﺐ‬

‫‪Optimally suited‬‬ ‫‪Suited‬‬ ‫ﺣـــﺪ أدﻧــﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺒــﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺋـــــــﻢ‬

‫‪Un suited‬‬ ‫ﻏﯿـﺮ ﻣﻼﺋـــــــﻢ‬

‫‪60‬‬
 ‫إﻧﺘﻘــــــــــﺎء اﻟﻜﺎﺷـــﻒ اﻟﻤﻼﺋـــــــﻢ‬
Choosing the appropriate detector
Three different detector series are available:
• Interactive detector system
• AnalogPLUS detector system
• Collective detector system
Each of these systems has its own special characteristics and is suited to specific applications

System Characteristics Applications

Interactive - Freely programmable adjustment - Demanding system engineering of any size
the response behavior
- Optimum detector reliability - Where transit or continuous interference is
- Also usable under critical ambient conditions present which could cause a false alarm
- High immunity to soiling - With direct alarm link to the fire department
- Immune to electromagnetic, electrical and - Wherever the prevention of false alarm has
optical interference signals top priority
- Individual addressing
- Microprocessor controlled electronics
- Transmits 4 danger levels
- Automatic self test
- Remote diagnostic capability
- Loop line with T branches

61
 ‫إﻧﺘﻘــــــــــﺎء اﻟﻜﺎﺷـــﻒ اﻟﻤﻼﺋـــــــﻢ‬
) ‫( ﺗﺎﺑـــﻊ‬
Choosing the appropriate detector

System Characteristics Applications

AnalogPLUS – Evaluation of two response sensitivities - Normal system engineering

- Very good detector reliability
- Immune to ambient influences
- Electronics with integrated circuit (ASIC)
- Individual addressing
- Drift signals
- Detector monitoring
- Loop line with module for T branches
- Large systems
- For rarely occurring deceptive
phenomena that can cause false alarms
- Alerting of the fire department with
CAC

Collective - One response sensitivity for a wide - Easy system engineering

application range - Small easily manageable system
- Optimum detector reliability - Few potential interference that
- Good detection reliability could cause false alarms
- Monitored line - No direct alerting to the fire department
- Compatible with existing control units
- Electronics with integrated circuit (ASIC)
- Stub line
- Favorably priced

62
63
64
‫‪7.‬ﻣﺮاﺟﻌــــﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﯿـــــﻢ ﻧﻈـــﻢ اﻹﻧـــﺬار‬
‫ﺿـــــــﺪ اﻟﺤـﺮﯾــــــــﻖ‬
‫‪7. Review of a Fire Alarm‬‬
‫‪Systems Design‬‬

‫‪65‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻧﻈﺎم إﻧـﺬار ﺿـﺪ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ ‪Review a Design of a Fire Alarm System‬‬
‫‪Data Required to Review a Design of‬‬
‫‪a Fire Alarm System‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪Complete set of Alarm system design‬‬
‫‪drawings for the project building – in‬‬
‫‪details, if possible - + specifications‬‬
‫‪and bill of quantities book.‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪Sufficient description for nature of‬‬
‫‪users and occupants of the areas to be‬‬
‫‪protected.‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪Architectural and decoration‬‬
‫‪drawings ( To determine the volumes,‬‬
‫‪ceilings heights and types, and any‬‬
‫‪projected slabs- if existing – as far‬‬
‫‪ceilings heights are reversely‬‬
‫‪proportional to the protected areas,‬‬
‫‪also the upper volumes of the fall‬‬
‫‪ceilings should be protected too,‬‬
‫‪finally the falling slabs are forming a‬‬
‫‪delaying obstacles to the smokes‬‬
‫‪currents.‬‬
‫‪66‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻹﻧـﺬار‬
‫ﺿـﺪ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ‬
‫رﺳﻮﻣــﺎت اﻹﻧـﺬار اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺨــﺎص‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿـﻞ ﻣﺎ أﻣﻜﻦ‪ +‬ﻛﺮاﺳــﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔــــــﺎت و ﺣﺼــﺮ اﻟﻜﻤﯿـــﺎت‪.‬‬
‫وﺻـﻒ ﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌـﺔ ﻧﻮﻋﯿـﺔ اﻹﺷﻐـﺎﻻت ‪،‬و وظﯿﻔــﺔ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣــﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻮﻟــﺔ و اﻟﻤﻄﻠـﻮب ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﮭـــﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣــــﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﯾﺔ ‪،‬و اﻟﺪﯾﻜــــﻮر ) ﻟﺒﯿﺎن‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫اﻷﺣﺠــﺎم ‪،‬و إرﺗﻔﺎﻋــﺎت اﻷﺳﻘـﻒ و أﻧﻮاﻋﮭﺎ –‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ ‪ – ...‬و ﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻄﺔ إذا ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟــﻮدة ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿــﺚ أن إرﺗﻔــﺎع اﻟﺴﻘـﻒ ﯾﺤـــﺪد‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣـﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﯿـﺔ و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ أﻋــﺪاد اﻟﻜﻮاﺷﻒ‬
‫‪،‬و إن اﻷﺳﻘــﻒ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘــﺔ ﺗﺴﺒــﺐ ﺗﺄﺧﯿﺮ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺬار ﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﺎ أﻋﻼھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﺑﻼت و ﺧﻼﻓﮫ‬
‫ﻟﺬا ﯾﺠﺐ وﺿـﻊ ﻣــﺎ ﯾﻨﺎﺳـــﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮﺷﻒ‬
‫‪،‬أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺋﻖ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣـﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻜﻮاﺷـﻒ و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن وﺟـــﻮده ﯾﺴﺒــﺐ‬
‫زﯾــﺎدة ﻓﻲ ﻋـــﺪد اﻟﻜﻮاﺷـﻒ‪.‬‬
 Review a Design of a Fire Alarm System‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻧﻈﺎم إﻧـﺬار ﺿـﺪ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ‬
4. Air-conditioning and ventilation
drawings [ To ensure early smoke
detection for the air sucked by the
air-conditioning ... etc hence
special duct smoke detectors must
be employed ( or a continuous air
sample must be drawn for early
smoke detection ). Moreover it
enables the design reviewer to
determine the dimensions and ducts
roots to ensure that it forms no
obstacles similar to the falling slabs.
5. A primary design review to the
available fire alarm detectors
distribution.
a. The number and types of the
detectors according to E.S , B.S. &
NFPA.
b. The fire alarm zones according
to E.S., B.S. & NFPA.
67
‫ رﺳﻮﻣﺎت أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﯿﯿﻒ و اﻟﺘﮭﻮﯾﺔ ) و ذﻟﻚ‬. 4
‫ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪﺧﺎن اﻟﺬي ﯾﺴﺤﺒـﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﯿــﻒ ﺑﻌﯿــﺪا ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﺷــﻒ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘــــﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺬا ﺗﻮﺿـــﻊ ﻛﻮاﺷﻒ ﺧﺎﺻــــﺔ‬، ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻘــﻒ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺠﺎري اﻟﻤﻜﯿﻔﺎت ) أو ﺗﺴﺤﺐ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ‬
‫ھــﻮاء ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻤﻜﯿﻔﺎت ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ آﺛـﺎر‬
‫ ھـــﺬا ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﺑﻌــــﺎد‬، ( ‫اﻟﺪﺧﺎن‬
‫و ﻣﺴﺎرات اﻟﺘﻜﯿﯿﻒ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻮاﺋــﻖ‬
.‫ﻣﺜـــﻞ اﻟﻜﻤـــﺮات اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻄــــﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻛﻮاﺷـــﻒ اﻟﺤﺮﯾــﻖ‬. 5
-:‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻶﺗـﻲ‬
‫ أﻋــﺪاد و أطــﺮزة اﻟﻜﻮاﺷـــــﻒ طﺒﻘــــــﺎ‬.‫ا‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺮﯾـــﺔ و اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﯿــــﺔ و‬
.‫اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿــــــــﺔ‬
‫ ﺗﻘﺴﯿـﻢ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ طﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬.‫ب‬
. ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺮﯾــﺔ و اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﯿـــﺔ و اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿــــﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻧﻈﺎم إﻧـﺬار ﺿـﺪ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ ‪Review a Design of a Fire Alarm System‬‬

‫‪• Review the cables and‬‬ ‫• ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـــﺔ أﻧـــــﻮاع و ﻣﻮاﺻـــــﻔـﺎت‬

‫‪wires types, specifications,‬‬
‫‪and the connectors too.‬‬
‫‪• Review the conduits‬‬
‫‪types and specifications‬‬
‫‪too.‬‬
‫‪• Review the‬‬
‫‪communication link with‬‬
‫‪other intelligent systems‬‬
‫‪e.g. Auto-fire fighting‬‬
‫‪systems.‬‬
‫‪• Review the evacuation‬‬
‫‪plans and techniques.‬‬
‫اﻟﻜﺎﺑــﻼت واﻷﺳــــﻼك‪،‬و اﻟﻮﺻــــﻼت‬
‫‪...‬اﻟـــــﺦ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـــــﺔ أﻧـــــﻮاع و ﻣﻮاﺻﻔــــﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯿــــﺐ اﻟﺘـﻰ ﺗُﻤـــــﺮر ﺧﻼﻟﮭــــــﺎ‬
‫اﻷﺳــﻼك و اﻟﻜﺎﺑــﻼت ﻋﺎﻟﯿــﮫ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـــﺔ ﻋﻼﻗــــــــﺎت اﻹﺗﺼــــﺎﻻت‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈـــــــﻢ اﻟﺬﻛﯿــــــﺔ اﻷﺧــــــــــﺮى‬
‫) ﻣﺜـــــﻞ ﻧﻈــــــﻢ اﻹطﻔـــــﺎء اﻵﻟــﻰ‬
‫‪...‬اﻟﺦ (‬
‫• ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـﺔ ﺧﻄـﻂ و أﺳﺎﻟﯿـﺐ اﻹﺧــﻼء‪.‬‬

‫‪68‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻧﻈﺎم إﻧـﺬار ﺿـﺪ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ ‪Review a Design of a Fire Alarm System‬‬

‫‪ALARM ZONES‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎطـــﻖ اﻹﻧـــﺬار‬

‫•‬ ‫‪When a signal of fire is ALARM‬‬ ‫– ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻄﻠـﻖ إﺷـﺎرة إﻧــﺬار ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﯾــــﻖ‬
‫‪ZONES n it is necessary that there‬‬
‫ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻀـــﺮورة ﺑﻤﻜـﺎن أن ﻻ ﯾﻮﺟـﺪ أى‬
‫ﺧﻠــﻂ أو ﻋــﺪم ﺗﺄﻛـــﺪ ﺑﺨﺼـﻮص ﻣﻮﻗـﻊ‬
‫‪should be no confusion about‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘـﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺒﺒـﺖ اﻹﺗـﺬار ﺑﮭــــــﺪف‬
‫‪the zone from which it is‬‬ ‫اﻹﻋـﺪاد ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺟﮭﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓـﺮاد اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﯿﻦ‬
‫‪received. To facilitate response‬‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻘﺪﯾـﻢ اﻟﻨﺠــﺪة ‪،‬واﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘــﺔ ﯾﺠـــــﺐ أن‬
‫‪by persons providing assistance,‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜـﻮن ﺻﻐﯿـــﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﺼـــــﻮرة اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﯿـﺢ‬
‫‪the zone should be small enough‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾـﺪ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﺴﺮﻋـﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪for a fire to be located quickly.‬‬ ‫– ﯾﺮاﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ اﻹﻧﺬار أﻻ ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬
‫•‬ ‫‪The search distance should not‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻻرﺗﺤﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻘﻄﻌﮭﺎ اﻟﻔﺮد ﺑﺤﺜﺎ‬
‫‪exceed 30m.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼــﺪر اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓـﺔ ‪ 30‬ﻣﺘـﺮ‪.‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Remote indicator lamps outside‬‬ ‫– ﯾﺠﺐ وﺿـﻊ ﻣﺒﯿﻨـﺎت ﺿﻮﺋﯿﺔ ) ﻟﻤﺒـﺎت (‬
‫ﺧــــﺎرج اﻷﻣﺎﻛــﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﯿــــﺮة اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘـــﺔ‬
‫‪doors , etc., may be helpful,‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﻮﻓﯿـــــﺮ ﻋــﺪد ﻣﻨﺎطــــﻖ اﻹﻧــــﺬار ‪،‬و‬
‫‪especially if doors are likely to‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋــﺔ اﻟﺘﺤـﺪﯾـــــﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪be locked‬‬

‫‪69‬‬
‫‪ 8.‬ﺑﻌـــﺾ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔـــــﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿــــــﺔ ﻟﻨﻈــــــﻢ‬
‫اﻹﻧـــﺬار ﺿــﺪ اﻟﺤـﺮﯾــــﻖ‬
‫‪8. Fire Alarm Standards,‬‬
‫‪samples‬‬

‫‪70‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔــﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿـﺔ ﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ‬
‫‪Standards for fire detection systems‬‬

‫‪European standards:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔــﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿـﺔ‬

‫‪In Europe the standards are defined‬‬ ‫اﻷوروﺑﯿـﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪by CEN) European committee for‬‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻓـﻰ أوروﺑـﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﯾـﻒ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫‪CEN‬‬
‫‪standardization), and CENELEC‬‬
‫( اﻟﻠﺠﻨـﺔ اﻷوروﺑﯿـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔـﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿـﺔ ) ‪،‬‬
‫‪(European committee for Electro-technical‬‬
‫‪CENELEC‬‬
‫‪Standardization).‬‬
‫) اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ اﻷوروﺑﯿـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻜﮭﺮوﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ )‬
‫‪Number‬‬ ‫‪Title‬‬
‫‪EN54-1 Components of automatic fire detection‬‬
‫‪systems: Introduction.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠـــــــــــــﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗـــــﻢ‬
‫‪EN54-2‬‬ ‫‪Control and indicating equipment.‬‬ ‫‪ EN54-1‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧــﺎت اﻟﻨﻈــــــﻢ اﻵﻟﯿــــﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺸـــــﻒ ﻋــــــــﻦ‬
‫‪EN54-3‬‬ ‫‪Audible fire alarm devices.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﯾــــــﻖ ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣـــــــــــــﺔ‬
‫‪EN54-4‬‬ ‫‪Power supplies.‬‬ ‫‪ EN54-2‬ﻣﻌــــﺪات اﻟﺘﺤﻜـــﻢ و اﻟﻤــﺪﻟـــﻮﻻت‬
‫‪EN54-5‬‬ ‫‪Heat sensitive detectors – point detectors‬‬ ‫‪ EN54-3‬أﺟﮭــﺰة إﻧــﺬار اﻟﺤــﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺼﻮﺗﯿـﺔ‬
‫‪containing a static element.‬‬
‫‪ EN54-4‬ﻣﺼـــﺎدر اطﺎﻗـــــــﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﯿــــــــﺔ‬
‫‪ EN54-5‬اﻟﻜﻮاﺷــﻒ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾـــﺔ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳــﺔ – اﻟﻜﻮاﺷﻒ‬
‫‪71‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﯾــﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻــﺮ ﺳﺎﻛﻨـــﺔ‬
 ‫اﻟﻣواﺻﻔــﺎت اﻟﻘﯾﺎﺳﯾـﺔ ﻷﻧظﻣـﺔ اﻟﻛﺷـف ﻋـن اﻟﺣرﯾـق‬
‫( ﺗﺎﺑـــﻊ )‬
‫‪Standards for fire detection systems‬‬

‫‪Number‬‬ ‫‪Title‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠـــــــــــــﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗــــــﻢ‬

‫‪ EN54-6‬ﻛﻮاﺷـﻒ ﺣﺴﺎﺳـﺔ ﻟﻠﺤـﺮارة – و ﻛﻮاﺷـﻒ ﻣﻌـﺪل‬

‫‪EN54-6 Heat sensitive detectors – rate of rise point‬‬
‫‪detectors without static element.‬‬
‫‪EN54-7 Smoke detectors - point detectors using‬‬
‫‪scattered light, transmitted light, or‬‬
‫‪ionization.‬‬
‫‪EN54-8 High Temperature heat detectors.‬‬
‫‪EN54-9 Fire Tests for smoke detectors.‬‬
‫‪EN54-10 Flame detectors.‬‬
‫‪EN54-11 Manual call points‬‬
‫‪EN54-12 Optical beam detectors.‬‬
‫‪EN54-13 System requirements.‬‬
‫‪EN54-14 Guidelines for planning design,‬‬
‫‪installation, commissioning, use and‬‬
‫‪maintenance.‬‬
‫‪EN54-15 Point type multi-sensor fire detectors‬‬
‫‪incorporating a smoke sensor in‬‬
‫‪combination with a heat sensor.‬‬
‫زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺤـﺮارة و ﺑــﺪون ﻋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ ﺳﺎﻛﻨــﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ EN54-7‬ﻛﻮاﺷـﻒ دﺧــﺎن – ﻛﻮاﺷـــﻒ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿــﺔ ﺑﺈﺳﺘﻌﻤــﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻀـﻮء اﻟﻤﺒﻌﺜــــﺮ ‪،‬و اﻹﻧﺒﻌـﺎث اﻟﻀﻮﺋــﻰ أو‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﯾﻮﻧــﻰ‬
‫‪ EN54-8‬ﻛﻮاﺷــــﻒ درﺟـﺎت اﻟﺤــــﺮارة اﻟﻌﻈﻤـــﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ EN54-9‬إﺧﺘﺒــﺎرات اﻟﺤﺮﯾــﻖ ﻟﻜﻮاﺷــﻒ اﻟﺪﺧـــﺎن ‪.‬‬
‫‪ EN54-10‬ﻛﻮاﺷـــــــﻒ اﻟﻠﮭـــــــــﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ EN54-11‬ﻣﻔﺎﺗﯿــﺢ إﻧــﺬار ﯾـﺪوﯾــــﺔ ( ﻛﺴــﺮ اﻟﺰﺟـﺎج ‪).‬‬
‫‪ EN54-12‬ﻛﻮاﺷـــــﻒ اﻟﺸﻌـــــﺎع اﻟﻀﻮﺋــــﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ EN54-13‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒـــﺎت اﻟﻨﻈــــﺎم‪.‬‬
‫‪ EN54-14‬اﻟﺨﻄـﻮط أﻹﺳﺘﺮﺷﺎدﯾـﺔ ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄـﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿـــــــﻢ‬
‫‪،‬واﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿـــــــﺐ ‪،‬و اﻟﺸﻐﯿــــــﻞ ‪،‬و اﻹﺳﺘﻌﻤــــــﺎل‬
‫‪،‬و اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻧـــــــﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ EN54-15‬اﻟﻜﻮاﺷــــﻒ اﻟﻔﺮدﯾــــﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﯾــــﻖ اﻟﻤﺘﻌــــــﺪدة‬
‫اﻹﺳﺘﺸﻌـــﺎر اﻟﺘــﻰ ﺗﻀــﻢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺳــﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﺧــــــﺎن‬
‫ﺟﻨﺒـــﺎ إﻟـﻰ ﺟﻨـــــﺐ ﻣــﻊ ﺣﺴـﺎس ﺣـــــﺮارى ‪.‬‬

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 ‫)ﺗﺎﺑـــﻊ ( اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔــﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿـﺔ ﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ‬

‫) ﻣﻌﺎﻣــﻞ ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﺔ اﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿـــﻦ ( اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔــﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿـﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿـــــﺔ‬

‫)‪UL standards ( Underwriters’ Laboratories Inc. USA‬‬
‫‪UL521‬‬ ‫‪Heat detectors for fire protection‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮاﺷﻒ ﺣﺮارﯾـﺔ‬ ‫‪ UL521‬ﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻹﻧـﺬارﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﯾـﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ‬
‫‪signaling systems.‬‬
‫‪UL268‬‬ ‫‪Smoke detectors for fire protection‬‬ ‫‪ UL268‬ﻛﻮاﺷﻒ دﺧﺎن ﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻹﻧـﺬارﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﯾـﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ‬
‫‪signaling systems.‬‬
‫‪UL268A‬‬ ‫‪Smoke detectors for duct application.‬‬ ‫‪ UL268A‬اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻤﺠﺎرى اﻟﺘﻜﯿﯿﻒ ﻛﻮاﺷﻒ اﻟﺪﺧﺎن‬
‫‪UL38‬‬ ‫‪Manual call point.‬‬ ‫‪ UL38‬ﻧﻘﻄــﺔ إﻧــﺬار ﯾﺪوﯾـــﺔ‬
‫‪UL864‬‬ ‫‪Control units for fire protection‬‬ ‫‪ UL864‬وﺣـﺪات ﺗﺤﻜـﻢ ﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻹﻧـﺬارﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﯾـﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ‬
‫‪signaling systems‬‬
‫‪UL827‬‬ ‫‪Central station for watchman, fire alarm‬‬ ‫‪ UL827‬ﻣﺤﻄــﺎت ﻣﺮﻛﺰﯾــــﺔ ﻟﺤــﺮاس اﻷﻣـــﻦ و اﻟﻨﻈـــﻢ‬
‫‪and supervisory systems.‬‬ ‫اﻹﺷﺮاﻓﯿـــﺔ ﻟﻺﻧــﺬار ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﯾـــﻖ‬
‫‪UL217‬‬ ‫‪Single and multiple-station smoke‬‬ ‫‪ UL217‬اﻟﻤﺤﻄــﺎت ﻛﻮاﺷــﻒ دﺧــﺎن ﻣﻔـﺮدة و ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬
‫‪detectors.‬‬

‫‪UL985‬‬ ‫‪Household fire warning system unit‬‬ ‫‪ UL985‬وﺣــﺪة ﻧﻈـﺎم اﻹﻧــﺬار ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨــﺎزل‬

‫‪73‬‬
 ) ‫( ﺗﺎﺑـــﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔــﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿـﺔ ﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾـﻖ‬
Testing laboratories ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣــــــﻞ اﻹﺧﺘﺒــــﺎرات‬

The major testing laboratories are : : ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣــﻞ اﻹﺧﺘﺒــﺎرات اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿـــﺔ‬

1. ANPI: Association Nationale pour la
Protection contre I’incendie ‫ ﺑﻠﺠﯿﻜـــــــــــــــﺎ‬ANPI : .1
( Belgium )
2. CNPP: Centre National de Prévention et de ‫ ﻓﺮﻧﺴـــــــــــــــــﺎ‬CNPP: .2
Protection ( France )
3. DELTA: DELTA Electronics Testing
‫ اﻟﺪﻧﻤــــــــــــــﺎرك‬DELTA : .3
(Denmark(
4. LPC Lab: Loss Prevention Council
‫ ﺑﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﯿـــــــﺎ‬LPC Lab : .4
laboratories ( UK )
5. VDS Lab: Verband der Schadenversicher
e.V. (Germany ) ‫ أﻟﻤﺎﻧﯿــــــــــﺎ‬VDS Lab : .5
6. ULI: Underwriters’ Laboratories Inc.
(USA) ‫ اﻟﻮﻻﯾـــﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤــﺪة اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿــﺔ‬ULI : .6
7. ULC: Underwriters’ Laboratories of
Canada ‫ ﻛﻨـــــــــﺪا‬ULC : .7
8. FMRC: Factory Mutual Research
Corporation (USA) ‫ اﻟﻮﻻﯾﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿﺔ‬FMRC : .8

74
‫‪9.‬ﺣﺎﻟـــــــــــــــﺔ دراﺳﯿـــــــــــﺔ‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫‪Case Study‬‬

‫‪75‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿـــﻢ ﻧﻈــﺎم إﻧـﺬار & إطﻔـﺎء آﻟـﻰ ﺿــﺪ اﻟﺤﺮﯾــﻖ ﺧـﺎص ﻟﻠﻮﺣـــﺎت اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑـــﺎء و اﻟﺘﺤﻜـــﻢ ‪ ...‬اﻟـﺦ‬
‫[ ﻣﺸـــﺮوع أﺑــﺮاج اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿـﺔ ‪ -‬اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﯿــﺔ – اﻟﻘﺎھــﺮة ]‬
‫‪Design a Special – profile Detection System for Mains & Control‬‬
‫‪Panels…etc, at Al-Maliah Towers Project, Abbasia, Cairo‬‬
‫‪This case study are briefed as the‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜــﺎن ﺗﻠﺨﯿـﺺ ھــﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟــﺔ اﻟﺪرﺳﯿــﺔ ﻛﻤــﺎ ﯾﻠﻰ‬
‫‪following: -‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪The above mentioned panels are‬‬
‫‪shown on the attached schematic‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣــﺎت اﻟﻤﺬﻛــﻮرة ﻋﺎﻟﯿـــﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﺤــﺔ ﻋﻠـــﻰ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪drawing.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳــﻢ اﻟﻜﺮوﻛــﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻓـــﻖ ‪.‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪The consultant demanded to‬‬
‫‪utilize Ceiling Detector /‬‬ ‫ﻛـﺎن إﺳﺘﺸـﺎرى اﻟﻤﺸــﺮوع ﻗــﺪ طﻠـﺐ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪Extinguisher Modular CO2 type‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨـﺪام ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ ‪/‬ﻣﻄﻔـﺄة ﻧﻤﻄﯿــﺔ ( ﻏــﺎز‬
‫‪(i.e. Sprinkler is the heat‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧـﻰ أوﻛﺴﯿـﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑـــﻮن & ﻛﺎﺷـــﻒ‬
‫‪detector).‬‬ ‫ﺣــــﺮاري – رﺷـﺎش ) ﺗﺜﺒﯿــﺖ اﻟﺴﻘـﻒ‪.‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪Instead, pneumatic detector was‬‬
‫‪proposed to be looped within the‬‬
‫‪panels, Polymer pressurized tube,‬‬ ‫أﻗﺘـﺮح إﺳﺘﺨـﺪام ﻛﺎﺷــﻒ ھﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜـﻰ ‪/‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪rather than above mentioned‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮارى ﻋﺒــﺎرة ﻋـﻦ أﻧﺒــﻮب رﻓﯿﻊ ‪ -‬ﯾﺘـﻢ‬
‫‪sprinkler, for much earlier alarm,‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾـﺮه داﺧـﻞ اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤـﺮ ﺑﮫ ﻏﺎز‬
‫‪faster and reliable extinguishing.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻐـﻮط ‪ -‬ﺑﺪﯾﻼ ﻋــﻦ اﻟﺮﺷـﺎش اﻟﻤﺬﻛـﻮر‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿـﮫ ‪،‬و ذﻟـﻚ ﺑﮭـﺪف اﻟﺤﺼـﻮل ﻋﻠـﻰ إﻧـﺬار‬
‫ﻣﺒﻜــﺮ و إطﻔـﺎء أﺳــــﺮع ‪،‬و أﻛﺜــﺮ ﻛﻔــﺎءة‪.‬‬

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‫ﻛﺎﺷﻒ ھﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻰ‬CO2& ‫ﻣﻄﻔﺌــــﺔ‬
CO2 Extinguisher &
Pneumatic Detector

‫ﻟﻮﺣـﺎت اﻟﺘﻮزﯾــﻊ‬
&
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜــﻢ‬
Distribution &
Control Panels

77
 ‫ﺑﻌـــــﺪ ‪ 5‬ﺛﻮاﻧـﻰ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺑـــﺪأ ﺣﺮﯾــــﻖ ﺻﻐﯿـﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻌـــــﺪ ‪ 10‬ﺛﻮاﻧـﻰ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻤـﺰق اﻷﻧﺒﻮب و‬
‫ﯾﻄﻠﻖ ﻏـﺎز اﻹطﻔﺎء‬
‫‪،‬و ﯾﺘـــﻢ اﻹطﻔـــﺎء‬

‫ﺑﻌـــــﺪ ‪ 1 5‬ﺛﺎﻧـﯿــﺔ‬
‫ﺗــــــﻢ اﻹطﻔــــــــﺎء‬

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