According ancient Greek scripts BIOMETRICS means study of life.

Biometrics studies commonly include

fingerprint, face, iris, voice, signature, and hand geometry recognition and verification. Many other modalities are in
various stages of development and assessment. Among these available biometric traits Finger Print proves to be one of
the best traits providing good mismatch ratio and also reliable. Registering the attendances of students have became a
hectic work as sometimes their attendance may be registered or missed. To overcome this problem i.e. to get the
attendances registered perfectly we are taking the help of two different technologies viz. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS and
BIOMETRICS.

Firstly discussing about Biometrics we are concentrating on Fingerprint scanning. For this we are using FIM
3030N high voltage module as a scanner. This module has in-built ROM, DSP and RAM. In this we can store up to 100
users fingerprints. This module can operate in 2 modes they are Master mode and User mode. We will be using Master
mode to register the fingerprints which will be stored in the ROM present on the scanner with a unique id.

When this module is interfaced to the microcontroller, we will be using it in user mode. In this mode we will
be verifying the scanned images with the stored images. When coming to our application the images of the students
will be stored in the module with a unique id. To register their attendance the students have to scan their image which is
then verified with the image present in fingerprint module and their attendance is registered for that day.

This scanner is interfaced to 8051 microcontroller through max232 enabling serial communication. By using
this controller we will be controlling the scanning process. After the scanning has been completed the result is stored in
the microcontroller. By simply pressing a switch we can get the list of absentees for that day.

This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage
regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/12V step down
transformer.
 ABOUT FINGERPRINT:

In fingerprint we will be considering mainly two parts. They are

1) Ridges
2) Valleys
Ridges are the lines which are present on our fingers and the gaps between two ridges are Valleys. Fingerprint ridges
are formed during the third to fourth month of fetal development. The ridges begin to develop on the skin of the thumbs
and fingers.
The purpose of these ridges is to give the fingers a firmer grasp and to avoid slippage. These ridges allow the fingers to
grasp and pick up objects.
      The friction ridges on the fingers arrange themselves in more or less regular patterns with ridge characteristics. All
fingerprints have a unique combination and arrangement of patterns and ridge characteristics. These patterns of friction
ridges contain rows of sweat pores that allow sweat and or oil to exit from glands. Sweat mixed with other body oils
and dirt produces fingerprints on smooth surfaces.
Fingerprints are left by the transfer of oils or amino acids to a surface, from the transfer of substances on the fingers
like paint or blood or by leaving an impression print in a soft substance.
No two prints have ever been found to be exactly alike. Even those of identical twins are different. Fingerprints are not
inherited. The general pattern may be the same in families but the level 2 and 3 details will differ. After formation, the
growing fingerprint ridges expand uniformly in all directions while growth is occurring so the pattern never changes.
Finger prints can not be altered without creating a new unique fingerprint. Even when the skin tissue is injured, the skin
that grows back will have the same print.
      Prints remain the same throughout life. The prints that someone is born with won’t change until decomposition after
death
Ridges Characteristics

A single rolled fingerprint may have as many as 100 or more identification points that can be used for identification
purposes. These points are often ridge characteristics. There are many different ridge characteristics, although some of
them are more common than others. These points can be used as points of comparison for fingerprint identification.
Depending on how prevalent the ridge characteristics, fewer or more points of comparison may be needed for a positive
identification. 
  The first known use of fingerprints in the United States was by Gilbert Thomson of the U.S. geological Survey in New
Mexico. He used his own fingerprints on a document in order to prevent forgery.

Features:
 Complete embedded platform for robust products
 Optical fingerprint sensors for reliability
 Multiple module to select from as per your application needs
 Full development support and reference designs
 Low cost
 Quick development and product launches

FINGER PRINT MODULE (FIM3030N):

4.0 Authentication: