ADC 0808

Introduction:

The ADC0808 data acquisition component is a monolithic CMOS device with

an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter, 8-channel multiplexer and microprocessor
compatible control logic. The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive approximation as the
conversion technique. The converter features a high impedance chopper stabilized
comparator, a 256R voltage divider with analog switch tree and a successive
approximation register. The 8-channel multiplexer can directly access any of 8-single-
ended analog signals. The device eliminates the need for external zero and full-scale
adjustments. Easy interfacing to microprocessors is provided by the latched and decoded
multiplexer address inputs and latched TTL tri-state outputs. The design of the ADC0808
has been optimized by incorporating the most desirable aspects of several A/D
conversion techniques. The ADC0808 offers high speed, high accuracy, minimal
temperature dependence, excellent long-term accuracy and repeatability, and consumes
minimal power. These features make this device ideally suited to applications from
process and machine control to consumer and automotive applications.

Features:
1. Easy interface to all microprocessors
2. Operates ratio metrically or with 5 VDC or analog span
adjusted voltage reference
3. No zero or full-scale adjust required
4. 8-channel multiplexer with address logic
5. 0V to 5V input range with single 5V power supply
6. Outputs meet TTL voltage level specifications
7. Standard hermetic or molded 28-pin DIP package
8. 28-pin molded chip carrier package
9. ADC0808 equivalent to MM74C949
Key Specifications:

1. Resolution 8 Bits
2. Total Unadjusted Error ±1/2 LSB and ±1 LSB
3. Single Supply 5 VDC
4. Low Power 15 mW
5. Conversion Time 100 µs

Pin diagram:
Types of ADC:
 Digital-Ramp ADC
 Successive Approximation ADC
 Flash ADC

Digital-Ramp ADC:

Conversion from analog to digital form inherently involves comparator action

where the value of the analog voltage at some point in time is compared with some
standard. A common way to do that is to apply the analog voltage to one terminal of a
comparator and trigger a binary counter which drives a DAC. The output of the DAC is
applied to the other terminal of the comparator. Since the output of the DAC is increasing
with the counter, it will trigger the comparator at some point when its voltage exceeds the
analog input. The transition of the comparator stops the binary counter, which at that
point holds the digital value corresponding to the analog voltage.
Successive Approximation ADC:

The successive approximation ADC is much faster than the digital ramp ADC because it
uses digital logic to converge on the value closest to the input voltage. A comparator and
a DAC are used in the process. A flowchart explaining the working is shown in the figure
below.

Illustration of 4-bit SAC with 1 volt step size

Flash ADC:

Illustrated is a 3-bit flash ADC with resolution 1 volt (after Tocci). The resistor net
and comparators provide an input to the combinational logic circuit, so the conversion
time is just the propagation delay through the network - it is not limited by the clock rate
or some convergence sequence. It is the fastest type of ADC available, but requires a
comparator for each value of output (63 for 6-bit, 255 for 8-bit, etc.) Such ADCs are
available in IC form up to 8-bit and 10-bit flash ADCs (1023 comparators) are planned.
The encoder logic executes a truth table to convert the ladder of inputs to the binary
number output.

Applications:

AD converters are used virtually everywhere where an analog signal has to be

processed, stored, or transported in digital form. Fast video ADCs are used, for example,
in TV tuner cards. Slow on-chip 8, 10, 12, or 16 bit ADCs are common in
microcontrollers. Very fast ADCs are needed in digital oscilloscopes, and are crucial for
new applications like software defined radio and in music recording. ADC's dynamic
range is also important.