Production Facilities

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1. absorption The property of some liquids or solids to soak 16. compressor A device that raises the pressure of air or
up water or other fluids. natural gas. Normally uses positive
displacement to compress the gas to higher
2. absorption A light liquid hydrocarbon used to absorb or
pressures so that the gas can flow into
oil or wash remove the heavier liquid hydrocarbons from a
pipelines and other facilities.
oil wet gas stream.
17. compressor A facility consisting of many compressors,
3. acid gas A gas that can form acidic solutions when
plant or auxiliary treatment equipment and pipeline
mixed with water. The most common are
compressor installations to pump natural gas under
hydrogen sulfide [H2S] and carbon dioxide
station pressure over long distances
[CO2] gases.
18. cut oil A crude oil that contains water, normally in the
4. adsorption The property of some solids and liquids to
form of an emulsion.
attract a liquid or a gas to their surfaces.
19. cycle A condensate produced at surface from cycle
5. as-delivered The number of British thermal unit (BTUs) in a
condensate gas.
BTU cubic foot of natural gas.
20. cycle gas A gas that is compressed and injected back to
6. battery The installation of similar or identical units of
the reservoir.
equipment in a group, such as a separator
battery, header battery, filter battery or tank 21. cycling An oilfield installation used when producing
battery. plant from a gas-condensate reservoir, the liquids
are extracted from the natural gas and then the
7. battery site A portion of land that contains separators,
remaining dry gas is compressed and returned
treaters, dehydrators, storage tanks, pumps,
to the producing formation to maintain
compressors and other surface equipment in
reservoir pressure.
which fluids coming from a well are separated,
measured or stored. 22. DEA unit A treating system used to remove hydrogen
sulfide [H2S], carbon dioxide [CO2] and
8. blanket gas A gas phase maintained above a liquid in a
carbonyl sulfide from a gas stream.
vessel to protect the liquid against air
contamination, to reduce the hazard of 23. defoaming In a separator, a series of inclined parallel
detonation or to pressurize the liquid. plates plates or tubes to promote coalescence, or
merging, of the foam bubbles liberated from
9. blow-by A phenomenon in which free gas leaves with
the liquid.
the liquid phase at the bottom of the
separator. This condition may indicate a low 24. dehydrate To remove water from a substance.
liquid level or improper level control inside
25. dehydrator A device used to remove water and water
the separator.
vapors from gas.
10. blowing the Opening the valve on a drip to allow natural
26. desiccant A substance used in a gas-dehydration unit to
drip gas to blow or clear the pipe of all liquids.
remove water and moisture.
11. bottomhole A device installed at the bottom of a well to
27. desulfurize To remove sulfur or sulfur compounds from an
heater increase the temperature of the fluid coming
oil or gas stream.
from the reservoir.
28. downstream A pipeline that receives natural gas or oil from
12. brine Water containing salts in solution, such as
pipeline another pipeline at some specific connection
sodium, calcium or bromides.
point
13. British In Production Facilites context what BTU stand
29. drip A small vessel in a pipeline to receive water
thermal unit for ?
and heavy hydrocarbons that drop out of a
14. carry over A phenomenon in which free liquid leaves with gas stream, are normally installed in the lower
the gas phase at the top of a separator, can points of flow lines and must be blown
indicate high liquid level, damage of the periodically to remove liquids.
separator or plugged liquid valves at the
30. drip A device used to collect water and heavy
bottom of the separator.
accumulator hydrocarbons that drop out of a gas stream in
15. compression The ratio of the volume of an engines cylinder a pipeline.
ratio at the beginning of the compression to its
volume at the end of the compression process
31. dry bed A hygroscopic solid such as silica gel, calcium 46. gathering The flowline network and process facilities that
chloride [CaCl2] or other materials used by a system transport and control the flow of oil or gas
device to absorb water and water vapor from from the wells to a main storage facility,
a gas stream. processing plant or shipping point, includes
pumps, headers, separators, emulsion treaters,
32. dry bed A device that removes water and water vapor
tanks, regulators, compressors, dehydrators,
dehydrator from a gas stream using two or more beds of
valves and associated equipment.
solid desiccants, such as silica gel or calcium
chloride [CaCl2]. 47. glycol In a glycol dehydrator unit, the cylinder
absorber composed of various perforated trays in which
33. dry oil or A treated oil that contains small amounts of
wet gas and glycol are put in contact.
clean oil basic sediments and water (BS&W).
48. glycol A unit used to remove minute water particles
34. evaporation A hole dug to contain brine for disposal by
dehydrator from natural gas if dehydration was not
pit evaporation. Some are lined with plastic or
attained using separators, is usually composed
asphalt to keep water from filtering through
of an absorber and a reboiler
and contaminating nearby free-water aquifers.
49. gravity The tendency of fluids to stratify into different
35. flare The burning of unwanted gas through a pipe,
segregation layers because of gravity forces.
means of disposal used when there is no way
to transport the gas to market and the operator 50. gun barrel Oil and brine are separated only by gravity
cannot use the gas for another purpose. segregation forces in a settling tank used for
treating oil.
36. flare gas A vapor or gas that is burned through a pipe
or burners. 51. hatch An opening in the top of a tank through which
samples are taken or inspection is made.
37. flare stack An arrangement consisting of a vertical tower
and burners used to burn combustible vapors 52. header In a gathering system, a pipe arrangement that
connects flowlines from several wellheads into
38. floating In Production Facilites context what FLNG
a single gathering line, has production and
liquefied stand for ?
testing valves to control the flow of each well.
natural gas
53. heater Equipment that transfers heat to the produced
39. floating In Production Facilites context what FPSO
gas stream, are especially used when
production, stand for ?
producing natural gas or condensate to avoid
storage,
the formation of ice and gas hydrates.
and
offloading 54. heater A vessel that uses heat to break oil-water
treater emulsions so the oil can be accepted by the
40. free water In Production Facilites context what FWKO
pipeline or transport.
knockout stand for ?
55. horizontal A vessel, with its cylindrical axes parallel to
41. free water A vertical or horizontal separator used mainly
separator the ground, that is used to separate oil, gas
knockout to remove any free water that can cause
and water from the produced stream.
problems such as corrosion and formation of
hydrates or tight emulsions, which are difficult 56. lean glycol In a glycol dehydrator, glycol that has been
to break. boiled and no longer contains any water.
42. gas An installation that processes natural gas to 57. liquefied In Production Facilites context what LNGC
processing recover natural gas liquids and sometimes natural gas stand for ?
plant other substances such as sulfur. carrier
43. gaswell gas The gas produced or separated at surface 58. liquefied A sea vessel used to transport liquefied
conditions from the full well stream produced natural gas petroleum gas (LPG).
from a natural gas reservoir. carrier
44. gaswell The liquids separated at surface conditions 59. liquid A hygroscopic liquid used to remove water
liquids from the full well stream produced from a desiccant and water vapor from a gas stream.
natural gas reservoir.
60. loose An emulsion with large and widely distributed
45. gathering The pipes used to transport oil and gas from a emulsion droplets.
lines field to the main pipeline in the area.
61. mist Small liquid droplets (moisture or liquid 75. roll line A thin, perforated pipe placed around the
hydrocarbons) in a gas stream. internal circumference of a tank.
62. mist A device used to collect small liquid droplets 76. separator A cylindrical or spherical vessel used to
extractor (moisture or hydrocarbons) from the gas stream separate oil, gas and water from the total fluid
before it leaves the separator. The two most stream produced by a well.
common types are wire-mesh pads and vanes.
77. solid A solid, such as silica gel or calcium chloride
63. multiphase A pump that can handle the complete desiccant [CaCl2], used in a gas-dehydration unit to
pump production from a well without needing to remove water and moisture.
separate or process the production stream near
78. spherical A ball-shaped vessel used for fluid separation,
or at the wellhead.
separator can be used for two-phase or three-phase
64. oil and A vessel that separates the well fluids into gas separation purposes.
gas and total liquid.
79. spot A sample of liquid or sediments obtained at a
separator
sample specific depth inside a tank using a thief or a
65. pipeline A tube or system of tubes used for transporting bottle.
crude oil and natural gas from the field or
80. stage An operation in which the well stream is passed
gathering system to the refinery.
separation through two or more separators that are
66. pipeline The quantity (volume) of oil and gas required to arranged in series.
capacity maintain a full pipeline.
81. stock tank A local to stock oil production after the oil has
67. pipeline A sufficiently dry gas that will not drop out been treated.
gas natural gas liquids (NGL) when entering the gas
82. stock tank In Production Facilites context what STB stand
pipeline; also, gas with enough pressure to enter
barrel for ?
high-pressure gas pipelines.
83. strap To measure the dimensions of an oil tank, such
68. pipeline Oil whose free water, sediment and emulsion
as external diameter and height, using a steel
oil content (BS&W) is sufficiently low to be
tape.
acceptable for pipeline shipment.
84. strapping A graduated tape use to measure, or strap,
69. pipeline An inspection of a pipeline to check for leaks,
tape producing tanks, describes tank capacity.
patrol washouts or other abnormal conditions,l is
commonly performed using airplanes. 85. surge tank A vessel placed in a flowline through which
liquids or gases are flowed to neutralize
70. pressure A tank designed for storing volatile liquids such
sudden pressure surges.
storage as gasoline and liquefied petroleum gases
tank or (LPG), which generate high internal pressures. 86. sweetening A process used to remove hydrogen sulfide
pressure- [H2S] and carbon dioxide [CO2] from a gas
type tank stream.

71. raw Gas produced from the well, unprocessed 87. synthetic A gas obtained by heating coal or refining
natural natural gas or the inlet natural gas to a plant. natural gas heavy hydrocarbons.
gas 88. synthetic In Production Facilites context what SNG stand
72. residence The amount of time a liquid stays in a vessel, natural gas for ?
time or assures that equilibrium between the liquid and 89. tank A metal or plastic vessel used to store or
retention gas has been reached at separator pressure. measure a liquid.
time
90. tankage The capacity of all the tanks in a field.
73. rich glycol In a glycol dehydrator, glycol that contains
91. tank A group of tanks that are connected to receive
water released by wet gas while percolating
battery crude oil production from a well or a
upward in the absorber.
producing lease.
74. roll a tank To agitate a tanks contents with gas or air
92. tank The settlings sediment, dirt, oil emulsified with
injected through a roll line. This procedure is
bottoms or water and free water that accumulate in the
performed to settle out impurities or obtain a
tank sludge bottom of storage.
more homogeneous mixture of the chemicals
added to oil, such as when chemicals used to
break emulsions.
93. tank Measurement of the dimensions of an oil tank, 107. very large crude In Production Facilites context what
calibration such as external diameter and height, using a carrier VLCC stand for ?
steel tape.
108. wet gas Natural gas containing significant heavy
94. tank dike A structure constructed around an oil tank to hydrocarbons.
contain the oil in case the tank collapses.
95. tanker A ship designed to transport crude oil,
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied
natural gas (LNG), synthetic natural gas (SNG)
or refined products.
96. tank table Shows the tank capacity in barrels as a
or tank function of the liquid level inside the tank.
capacity
table or
gauge
table
97. test A vessel used to separate and meter relatively
separator small quantities of oil and gas.
98. thief A device that can be lowered into a tank to
obtain samples (liquid or sediments) at
different depths
99. thief hatch An opening in the top of the stock tank, allows
tank access for a thief or other level
measuring devices.
100. three A vessel that separates the well fluids into gas
phase and two types of liquids: oil and water.
separator
101. tight An emulsion with small and closely distributed
emulsion droplets.
102. Trans- In Production Facilites context what TAPS
Alaska stand for ?
Pipeline
System
103. treater A vessel used to treat oil-water emulsions so
the oil can be accepted by the pipeline or
transport.
104. ultralarge In Production Facilites context what ULCC
crude stand for ?
carrier.
105. vapor A system composed of a scrubber, a
recovery compressor and a switch. Its main purpose is
unit to recover vapors formed inside completely
sealed crude oil or condensate tanks.
106. vertical A vessel with its cylindrical axes
separator perpendicular to the ground that is used to
separate oil, gas and water from the
production stream. The vessel can be a two-
phase or three-phase separator.