Examples

1. Area of a Rectangle
  b 
a b a
A= dA = dx·dy = x0 ·dy
0 0 0
 b b
A= a·dy = a·y 0 = a·b
0

2. Area of a Rectangle
   
b/2 a/2 b/2
a/2
A= dA = dx·dy = x−a/2 ·dy
−b/2 −a/2 −b/2
 a
 a 
b/2  b/2
A= − − ·dy = a·dy
−b/2 2 2 −b/2


b/2 b b
A = a·[y]−b/2 = a· − − = a·b
2 2

3. Area of a Triangle
  b
A= dA = c·dy
0

c = a1 + a2 ·y
c=a @ y=0 → a1 = a
c=0 @ y=b
c = a1 + a2 ·y = a + a2 ·b = 0 thus a2 = −a/b
 a a
c=a+ − = a − ·y
b b
 b  b  b 
a  a b
A= c·dy = a − ·y ·dy = a·dy− y·dy
0 0 b 0 b 0
b a y 2  b a b2 1
A = a·y 0 − · 0 = a·b − · = a·b − ·a·b
b 2 b 2 2
1
A = a·b
2

2
4. First Moment of Area – Rectangle

Qx = y·dA

 b
y 2 b
Qx = a·y·dy = a·
a 2 0
a·b2
Qx =
2

5. First Moment of Area – Rectangle

Qx = ȳ·A
b
Qx = ( ) (a·b)
2
a·b2
Qx =
2

6. First Moment of Area – Rectangle


Qx = y·dA


y 2 b/2
b/2

Qx = a·y·dy = a·
−b/2 2 −b/2

2  2 
b2 1 b b b2
Qx = a· − − = a· −
8 2 2 8 8
Qx = 0

7. First Moment of Area – Rectangle (A’)

A = a·(h − y)

h+y
ȳ =
2

 h+y
Qx = ȳ·A = ·a·(h − y)
2
a 2
Qx = ·(h − y 2 )
2

3
8. First Moment of Area – T-Section (A’)

Qx = A · ȳ @ value of x

9. First Moment of Area – T-Section (A’)


Qx = ȳi ·Ai

Qx = ȳ1 ·A1 + ȳ2 ·A2 @ value of y

10. Moment of Inertia


Ix = y 2 ·dA

 b2
Ix = y 2 ·(a2 − a1 )·dy
b1
 b2
Ix = (a2 − a1 ) y 2 ·dy
b1

b 2  
y3 b3 b3
Ix = (a2 − a1 ) = (a2 − a1 ) 2 − 1
3 b1 3 3

a2 − a1  
Ix = b32 − b31
3

4
11. Moment of Inertia → b1 = −b2

a2 − a1  3 
Ix = b2 + b32
3

a2 − a1
Ix = 2b32
3
2
Ix = (a2 − a1 ) b32
3
3

2 h
Ix = b·
3 8
b h3
Ix =
12

12. Moment of Inertia → b1 = 0

a2 − a1  3 
Ix = b2 − b31
3

a2 − a1
Ix = b32
3
b·h3
Ix =
3

13. Parallel Axis Theorem – Moment of Inertia

Ix = Ixc + A·d2

2
b·h3 h
Ix = + b·h·
12 2
b·h3 b·h3
Ix = +
12 4
b·h3
Ix =
3

14. Parallel Axis Theorum – Moment of Inertia

Ix = Ixc + A·d2

b·h3
Ix = + (b·h) d2
12

5
15. Moment of Inertia – Triangle

Ix = y 2 ·dA

 h
Ix = 2y 2 ·s·dy
0
 h  
2 b
Ix = 2 y · ·(h − y) ·dy
0 2h
 h
b
Ix = ·(h·y 2 − y 3 )·dy
0 h
 
b y 3 h y 4 h
Ix = · h· −
h 3 0 4 0
   
b h4 h 4 b 4h4 3h4
Ix = · − = · −
h 3 4 h 12 12
b·h4 b·h3
Ix = =
12h 12

16. Product of Inertia


Ixy = x·y·dA

 b2  a2
Ixy = x·y·dx·dy
b1 a1
 b2  a2 
Ixy = x·dx ·y·dy
b1 a1


b2
x2  a22 − a21
a2 ·y·dy
b2
Ixy = = a1
·y·dy
b1 2 b1 2
2
2

a2 − a21 b2 − b21 a2 + a1 b 2 + b1
Ixy = = (a2 −a1 ) (b2 −b1 )
2 2 2 2
Ixy = b·dx·h·dy = dx·dy·(b·h)
Ixy = dx·dy·A

6
17. Parallel Axis Theorum – Product of Inertia

Ixy = Ixyc + dx·dy·A

Ixyc = 0 if the section has at least one

plane of symmetry.

Ixy can be positive, negative or zero.

18. Polar Moment of Inertia – Rircular Rod

dA = r·dθ·dr

J = r2 ·dA
 2π  R  2π  R
2
J= r ·(r·dθ·dr) = dθ r3 ·dr
0 0 0 0

4

2π r4 R R

J =θ0 · = 2π
4 0 4
π·R4
J=
2