Rotational Motion

LECTURE 2 Moment of Inertia - 2

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Rotational Motion
LECTURE 2 Moment of Inertia - 2
Let’s BEGIN !
Parallel and Perpendicular Axis Theorem
Parallel Axis Theorem

I Icm

d
Parallel Axis Theorem
➔ Now we have learned to calculate the MOI of rigid bodies about
centre of mass (C.O.M) axis
➔ What if the axis is not passing through its Centre of Mass (C.O.M )?
➔ There are certain theorems which help us to answer the above
question..
➔ The first among them is the Parallel Axis Theorem let’s learn that……

I ICM

I = ICM + Md2
M
d
The Parallel Axis Theorem

I = ICM + Md2
I
Ic

dm

r
rc
d COM
The Parallel Axis Theorem - PROOF
Key points of Parallel Axis Theorem

1. It is valid for all types of bodies (1D, 2D or 3D) or group of objects.

2. It must be applied between parallel axis.
3. One among two parallel axis must pass through the Centre of Mass.

How will I decide when to apply this theorem?

Hint:

Whenever axis about which MOI has to be found, if that axis does not
pass through the Centre of Mass, and the MOI about a parallel axis
through the Centre of Mass is known, then, Apply Parallel Axis Theorem.
Perpendicular Axis Theorem
Perpendicular Axis Theorem
This Theorem is applicable for Laminar Bodies (2D structure)
Perpendicular Axis Theorem
This Theorem is applicable for Laminar Bodies (2D structure)
Perpendicular Axis Theorem - PROOF
Key points of ⊥ r axis theorem
1. It is valid mainly for 2D bodies i.e. planar bodies, but not strictly.
2. It can be extended to find MoI of certain 3D bodies as well.
3. It must be applied for 3 mutually ⊥ r axes.
4. One axis must be ⊥ r to the plane of the body

How will I decide when to apply this theorem?

Hint:

Whenever, the axis about which MOI is to be found passes through the
point of intersection of two perpendicular axes and is perpendicular to
both, then apply ⊥r Axis Theorem.
Applications of Axis Theorems
 I=

M,L
B

L
 Ix =

B
Iy =

L
 Ix =

B
I⊥ =
Iy =

L
 B H

B
L
 M,R

M,R
Numericals of Moment of Inertia
 Find the MOI of a rod about a ⊥r axis passing through a point that is
Example
equidistant from the centre and on end.

L/4 L/4 M,L

A.

O C
B.

C.

D.

Where is the axis?

Axis of rotation is ⊥r to rod passing through O.

 Solution: L/4 L/4 M,L

So, we will use Parallel Axis Theorem

O C
Let us consider a parallel axis at COM

MOI of rod about ⊥r axis passing through its centre =

I = ICOM + Md2
Example Find the MOI of a disc about its diameter.

A.
Id

B. M, R

Id I⊥
C.

D.
Solution:
Id
we will use ⊥r Axis Theorem
M, R
Consider axis passing through the centre, and
Id I⊥
⊥r to the plane of the body

I⊥ = I1 + I2
I⊥ = Id + Id

MOI of disc about ⊥r axis passing through its center is

Example Find the MOI of a square about its diagonal.

A.
Id Id

B.
M, a
I⊥
C.

D.
Solution:
Id Id
we will use ⊥r axes theorem
We will need three ⊥r axes, Two in the M, a
plane of the body and one ⊥r to the plane ∙ I⊥

I⊥ = I 1 + I 2

I ⊥ = Id + I d
MOI of the square about the ⊥r axis

passing through its centre is

Example Find the MOI of a ring about a tangent in the plane of the body.

A. It
R

B. Id M, R

C.

D.
Solution:
Consider any tangent in the plane of the ring It
R

We will use Parallel Axis theorem Id M, R

Let us consider a parallel axis passing through the
COM i.e diameter

I = ICOM + Md2

MOI of the ring about Diameter is

Example Find the MOI of the square about the given axis.

A. M, a

I
B. C

C.

D.
Solution:
we will use Parallel Axis theorem M, a Icom

Let us consider a parallel axis passing through

I
the COM i.e the diagonal C
a/√2
450
I = ICOM + Md2

MOI of square about Diagonal

MOI of Standard Objects
ROD: AOR
I1

1. ⊥lar axis at center

AOR I2
2. ⊥lar axis at end

M
I3

AOR I4

θ
M
I3
I4
 AOR
3. General axis at center I3

θ
M

AOR I4

4. General axis at end

θ
M
RING:
1. About an axis ⊥lar to plane passing through center. I⊥= MR2

AOR

2. About diameter
AOR Id

C
 AOR
3. About tangent in plane through center
It
C

4. About tangent ⊥lar to plane through center.

AOR

(It)⊥ = 2MR2
DISC :

1. About an axis ⊥lar to Plane Passing through centre.

AOR

AOR Id
2. About diameter

C
3. About tangent in plane through center
AOR
It
C

4. About tangent ⊥lar to plane AOR

Hollow Cylinder AOR
I
1. About axis along length passing through the centre.

I = MR2 C L

M, R

AOR
2. About tangent along length
I

C L

M, R
 AOR
Solid Cylinder I

1. About axis along length passing through centre.

C L

M, R
2. About axis along length passing through centre.
AOR
I

C L

M, R
Solid Sphere

About diameter

Solid Sphere
Hollow Sphere
About diameter

Hollow Sphere
Hollow sphere Solid sphere

I I
 L
Rectangular Plate
1. Axis passing through centre parallel to length AOR
b C
I1

AOR
2. Axis passing through centre parallel to breadth L I1

b C

3. Axis passing through centre ⊥lar to Plane L

b I3
Square Plate
1. Axis passing through centre parallel to any side I1 AOR

a
AOR
C
I1
2. Axis passing through centre ⊥r to Plane
I1

AOR

a I⊥
MI at a Glance
MI of Hollow Sphere
MI of Solid Sphere
MI of a Cone
Hollow Cone Solid Cone

M,R,H M,R,H

I = 1/2 MR2 I = 3/10 MR2

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