Moment of Inertia - 1

Rotational Motion 1
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Moment of Inertia - 1
Rotational Motion 1
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Introduction to Rotational Motion
Translation & Rotation
Motion

Translation Combination of Rotation

Translation & Rotation

Axis of Rotation
Translation
A body is said to have translational motion if each particle of the body
has the same displacement in the same time interval.
A B
➔ Let us take a rod which is moving down
➔ Observe points A and B and their
displacement S S
➔ Both points have same displacement

Every point has Same Linear Parameters i.e. same Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration

s v a
Rotation
The motion of a body is said to be rotational if every point of the body
moves in circles about a common fixed line (called the axis) passing
through the body. Particles on the axis will be relatively at rest.

➔ Let us take a rod which is moving down

➔ Observe points A and B and their displacements
➔ Do both points cover same distance ??? No, Right !!!
➔ But note that both points have the same angular S1
displacement. So, Rotational Motion is defined as

S2

Every point has the same Angular Parameters i.e. θ, ω, α etc about the axis of rotation.
Motion of Hinged Door Motion of Ceiling Fan
Transrotational Motion
Introduction to Moment of Inertia
Moment of Inertia is defined as:
➔ Take 2 balls tied with strings of different lengths and rotate them.
➔ Do you feel some difference in both?
➔ Ball with larger string is difficult to get rotated.
➔ This difficulty is quantified by MOI

O
Moment of Inertia quantifies the inability of
a body to change its state of Rotational Motion.

O
Moment of inertia for point mass is defined as

I = Mr2

Were r is ⊥ lar distance of the mass from the axis of rotation.

 Axis of Rotation

r1
m1
r2
m2

r3
m3

Consider the axis at point O

perpendicular to the plane containing
particles of masses m1, m2, m3,… at
distance r1, r2, r3,… from the axis

Moment of Inertia of a discrete

system of particles is defined as

I = m1r12 + m2r22 + m3r32+…

I = Σ mr2
Moment of Inertia
It is the same property analogous to inertia in rotational motion.

For a given force

depends on F = ma
Inertia Mass m a = F/m a α 1
m
Similarly,

For a given torque

Moment depends on
Mass & τ= Iα α
mass 1
of
α = τ /I
Inertia distribution α I

Change in state of
rotational motion
Problems on MOI of Point Mass
Find the MOI of a system of two particles having the same mass m
separated by a distance d about the Centre O.
A. 1/2 md2
B. md2
C. 2 md2
D. None of these
O
m m

d
Solution:
2
I = m1r12 + m2r22 + m3r32+…
d d 2
I = m + m
2 2

d2
I =m O
2 m m

d
Find the MOI of a system of two particles having mass m1 and m2
separated by distance d about the Centre of Mass.

m1 O m2

d
Solution:
From the Centre of mass
chapter you know
xCM d –XCM
m2d
X CM =
O m1 + m2
m1 m2

I = M1XCM2 + M2 (d – XCM)2
Four point masses are placed on the vertices of a square of side ‘a’.
Find the MOI of this system about a ⊥ r axis passing through one
corner the square.
a
A. 2Ma2 M M
B. 4Ma2
C. 6Ma2
D. 8Ma2 a
a

M M
Solution:
a
Consider a ⊥ r axis passing through one of mass M M

I = M(0)2 + M(a)2 + M(a)2 + M(a√2)2

a a
I = 4Ma2
M M
If four point masses are placed on the vertices of square of side ‘a’. find
the MOI about one side of the square.
A. 2Ma2
B. 4Ma2 I
C. 6Ma2
D. 8Ma2 a
M M

a a

M M
a
Solution:

Consider an axis along one side of the square

a
I = M(0)2 + M(0)2 + M(a)2 + M(a)2 M M

I = 2Ma2
a a

M M
If four point masses are placed on the vertices of square of side ‘a’, find
the MOI about the diagonal of the square.

A. Ma2
B. 2Ma2 I a
M
M
C. 4Ma2
D. 6Ma2
a a

M
M a
Solution:

Consider an axis passing through one diagonal

a
I0 M M
I = M(0)2 +M + M(0)2

I = Ma2 a a

M M
Moment of Inertia of a Continuous Mass System
MI of the elemental mass ‘dm’

dI = dmr2
dm
Total MI of the rigid body:

I = ∫dI = ∫dm r2

Note MI of any rigid body depends on mass, shape and the AOR.
Moment of Inertia of Rod
Find the moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod of mass M and length L
about its centre of mass.
AOR
A. 1/3 ml2
B. 1/5 ml2
C. 1/7 ml2
D. 1/9 ml2
M, L
Solution:
Find the moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod of mass M and length
L about its centre of mass.
AOR
A. ML2
12

B. ML
2

6
M,L
C. ML
2

3 COM

D. ML
2

4
ALTERNATIVE
Solution:
y AOR
Steps to be followed:
1. Draw coordinate axes. dx
2. Go to a general point at a distance x from dm, dI
the centre M x
3. Take an element of length dx (0, 0) x
4. Find the mass of the element, dm.
L

dm = 𝝺dx

dm =
5. Find the moment of inertia of the differential element dI.
y
dI = dm × x2 AOR

dx
dm, dI
M x
(0, 0) x
L

Let, λ be the linear mass

density of rod
6. Integrate dI to solve for the moment of inertia of the total body

+L
x=
I 2
dI =
M
L
x2 dx ⇒ ∫ dI = ∫ M
–L L
x2 dx
y
0 x= AOR
2
dx
+L +L dm, dI
x= x=

∫
2
x3 2
M M
I = x2 dx ⇒ M x
L L 3 –L (0, 0)
x = –L x= x
2 2
L

M +L3 –L3
I = × –
3L 8 8
 M +L3 –L3 y AOR
I = × –
3L 8 8
dx
dm, dI
M L3
I = ×2 M x
3L 8
(0, 0) x
L
I = ML2
Moment of Inertia of a Ring
Locate the moment of inertia of a thin uniform ring of mass M and
radius R about a perpendicular axis passing through its centre.

A. MR2
B. 4MR2
C. 8MR2
D. 12MR2
Solution: M, R

Steps to be followed: dθ
θ
1. Go to a general point at an angle θ
from the horizontal O
2. Take an element of angle dθ
3. Calculate dm
Arc length dx = Rdθ
Let, λ be the linear mass density of ring
dm = λ dx
4. Find the moment inertia of the differential element, dI
M, R

dθ
dI = dm × R2
θ

M M O
dI = 2π dθ × R2 ⇒ 2π R2 dθ

5. Integrate dI to solve for the moment of inertia of the entire body

θ =2π
I
dI = M
2π
R2 dθ ⇒
∫ = ∫ M
2π R2dθ
dI0 θ=0
 M
dI = R2 dθ M, R
2π
dθ
I θ = 2π

∫
θ
⇒ ∫ θ=0
M
dI = 2π R2dθ O
0

θ = 2π

I= M R2 θ
2π
θ=0

I= M R2 × (2π – 0)
2π

I = MR2
 Moment of Inertia of a Disc

M,R
Find the moment of inertia of a thin uniform disc of mass M and
radius R about a perpendicular axis passing through its centre.
M, R

M,R
O
Solution:
Steps to be followed: dr
1. Go to a general ring at r = r from centre
M, R r
2. Take an elemental ring of thickness dr
3. Calculate dm O
M
σ = kg m–2
πR2

dA = Area of a ring of thickness dr = 2πrdr

dm = σ dA
Let σ be the Arial mass density of the disc
dm = M 2πr dr
πR2
4. Find the moment of inertia of the
differential element, dI dr

M, R r
dI = dm r2
O
2M r3 dr
dI = 2Mr dr × r2 ⇒
R2 R2

5. Integrate dI to solve for moment of

inertia of the entire body. MOI of a ring about a ⊥ r axis
passing through the centre is MR2
r =R

∫
I
2M ∫ dI = 2M 3
dI = r3 dr ⇒ r dr
R2 0 R2
r=0
 r =R

∫ 2M
I
dr
2M ∫ dI = r 3 dr
dI = 2 r3dr ⇒
R 0 r=0 R 2
M, R r

r=R O
2M r4
I=
R2 4
r=0
2M
I= × (R4 – 0)
4R 2

MR2
I=
2
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 Top Results

Bratin Mondal Amaiya Singhal

100 %ile 100 %ile

 11th / 9, 10

12th / Drop

NAMO

NAMOLIVE
NAMOLIVE
Thank You
@namokaul