CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)

CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
COM-I-2Marks
1. Two blocks are kept as shown. A horizontal time varying 0 20 t
m
force is applied on upper block (F = 20 t). Find the time m
when the relative motion between the blocks starts.
=0
[Given that mass of each block is m kg]
[2]
1. Let the time be t0
when the relative motion starts
then,
 20 t 0 
20 t0 - 0mg = m  
m +m
or, 20 t0 - 0 mg = 10 t0
or, 10 t0 = 0 mg
  mg 
t0 =  0  sec.
 10 

2. A block of mass 2M, moving with constant velocity 3 v collides with another block of mass M
which is at rest and sticks to it. Find the velocity of the compound block after collision.
2. From COM, 
2M(3 v ) + 0 = (3M) v 1

 6m v 
 v1 = = 2v
3m

3. A solid right circular cone has its base cut out in

conical shape shown in figure such that the hollow
is a right circular cone on the same base. Find
what should be the height of the hollow so that the
C.M. of the cylinder may concide the vertex of the
hollow.

3. If the radius is r and the height of the hollow part h and the height of the cone be H
Then mass of the hollow part
1 2
r h 
3
The c.m. of a solid cone lies at a height of h/4 from the its base
then
1 2 1
r (H / 4) − r 2(h / 4)
h= 2 2
1 2 1
r H − r 2h
3 3
 h = H/3

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)

4. A small cube of mass m slides down a circular path m

of radius R cut into a larger block of mass M, as
R
shown in the figure. M rests on a table, and both
blocks move without friction. The blocks are initially
at rest, and m starts from the top of the path. Find M
the velocity v of the cube as it leaves the block. [10]

4. Let v1 and v2 be the final velocities of the

R
small and large blocks with respect to the
ground. m
v2 v1
Momentum conservation : mv1 = Mv2 M
Energy conservation :
1 1
mgR = Mv 22 + mv12
2 2
2MgR
After solving, v1 =
M+m

Y
5. (a) A rod of length 0 is lying on X axis between
points (0, 0) and (0, 0) as shown. The mass per
unit length  varies with x as  = 0 x. Find the (0, 0)
(0, 0) X
moment of inertia of the rod about Y-axis.

(b) Half of the rectangular plate shown in fig. is made of a 

material of density 1 and other half of density 2. The
1 2
length of the plate is . Locate the centre of mass of the
plate.

5. (a) Take a small element at a distance x

dI = (0 xdx) x2 = 0 x3 dx
0 x dx
0 40 (0, 0)
I=  0 x3dx = 4
0

(b) Let the thickness of the plate be t

A  A 3
t1  + t2 
xcm = 2 4 2 4 = (1 + 32 )
A A 4(1 + 2 )
t1 + t2
2 2
The center of mass lies on the plane of symmetry.

6. A sphere of mass m moving with a constant velocity on a frictionless horizontal surface hits
another stationary sphere of the same mass. If e is the coefficient of restitution, find the ratio
of velocities of the two spheres after collision.

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
 m1 − em2   m1 (1 + e) 
6. Using formula, v1 =   v and v2 =  v
 m1 + m2   m1 + m2 
v1 m1 − em2 v 1− e
 = . By putting m1 = m2= m we obtain 1 =
v 2 m1(1 + e) v2 1+ e

7. Find the average force needed to accelerate a car of mass 200kg from rest to 72 km/h in a
distance of 50m.
7. Now v 2 = u2 + 2as
5
u = 0, v = 72  = 20m / s
18
20  20
Acceleration a = = 4m / s2
2  50
Avg force F = ma = 200  2
F = 400N .
8. A 2kg ball drops on floor from a height of 20 m and rebounds with 20% of the initial speed.
Find the impulse received by the ball.
8. J + Pi = Pf  J = Pf − Pi
J = m  v 2 − ( −v1 ) = m[2v1 + v1 ]
J = 2  0.2 2  20  10 = 48 kg m/s

9. A body of mass m is moving with speed v makes an

elastic one dimensional collision with a stationary
body of same mass. They are in contact for very Fmax
small time interval t. The contact force between
F
them varies as shown in graph. Find the magnitude
of Fmax. t/3 t
t→

9. Impulse = area under f – t graph

Also, impulse = change in momentum
F t
 mv = max
2
2mv
 Fmax =
t
10. A ball of mass m initially moving with speed 5 m/s towards a ball of mass 4 m which is
initially at rest. Initially the distance between the balls is 2.5 m. Find the average impulsive
force acting for initial 4 m of journey. Considering collision to be completely inelastic. [2]
10. Using conservation of momentum
5m = mv + 4mv
v = 1 m/s
2.5m 1.5 m
total time of journey = +
5m / s 1m / s
P 4m (1m / s)
Fav = = = 2 m Newton
t 2 sec .

11. A disc of radius R is placed on a square plate of edge 4R made up of the same sheet with
their planes parallel such that any two adjacent sides of square touch the disc. Find the
distance of the centre of mass of the system from the centre of square plate.
11. Let us consider that  = mass / area of the sheet
Mass of disc = m1 = R2  & mass of square plate = 16

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
R2 . P
O
By geometry OP = OP = R
P
C2
C1 C2 = 22 R - 2 R = 2 R
C1
2R  R  + 0  16R 
2 2
2R
 Xcm = = along
(16 + )R  2 16 + 
C1 C2 from C1.

12. A particle of mass m is thrown vertically upward with velocity v0 from a horizontal surface. If
coefficient of restitution of between ground and ball is e = ½. Draw velocity time graph
qualitatively.
v
12.

13. A block of metal weighing 2 kg is resting on a frictionless Black

plane. It is struck by a jet releasing water at a rate of 1 kg /s 2 kg

and at a speed of 5 m/s. Calculate the initial acceleration of [2]
the block.
F vdm / dt 5  1
13. a= = = = 2.5 m/s2 .
m m 2

14. A uniform plate of side a is placed as shown in the y

figure. Now (1/4)th portion is removed (right – bottom
portion). Find out position of centre of mass of the a
system.

(0, 0) x

m
14. m1 = m, m2 = - , x1 =a/2, x2 = 3a/4
4
m(a / 2) − (m / 4).( 3a / 4) 7a
xcm = = y1 = a/2, y2 = a/4
m − (m / 4) 12
m(a / 2) − (m / 4)(a / 4) a
ycm = =
m − (m / 4) 3

COM-II-2Marks

1. The linear density  of a rod AB is given by  =  + L/2 x

x kg/m. Find the location of the centre of mass o•
from the end A. L
1. Mass of the element dx
dx = dx
L
+
 mass of the rod M = 
−
L dx
2

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
L
+
=  ( + x )dx
−
L
2 =  L kg
2
L
+
 (L) Xcm =  xdm =  (dx )
−
2
Lx
2

L2
 Xcm =
12
 L2 L
 cm is at a distance + from A.
12  2
2. Find the centre of mass of a uniform semi-circular ring of radius R and mass M.
y
2. Consider the centre of the ring as origin. Consider a
differential element of length dl of the ring whose Rd
radius vector makes an angle  with the x-axis. If the
angle subtended by the length dl is d at the centre d

then, dl = Rd. x
O

Let  be the mass per unit length.

Then mass of this element is dm = Rd
1 1 
Xcm =
m 
xdm =
m 0 
R cos Rd = 0 ;


Ycm =
1
(Rsin ).Rd = 2R .
mo 

3. A block of mass 'M' is attached to a light spring of k v0

stiffness k at its natural length. A bullet of mass 'm' hits M m
the block with speed v0 and gets embedded into it. Find [2]
the amplitude of oscillation. (Neglect friction)
3. (a) conserving linear momentum we get
mv 0
v= . . . (i)
M+m
conserving energy for the subsequent motion
1 1 m2 v 02
(M + m)v 2 = kx 02  = kx 02
2 2 (M + m)
mv 0
 x0 =
k(M + m)

4. A body of mass m1 collides elastically with a stationary body of mass m2 and returns along
the same line with one fourth of its initial speed, then find m1/m2.
4. 0.6 m

5. A ball is dropped from a height 100m on the ground. If the coefficient of restitution is 0.2,
what is the height to which the ball will go up after it rebounds for the IInd time.
5. h = e4  100
= (0.2)4  100
= 16 cm.

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
6. A man of mass m is standing on a stationary board of mass M kept on a fixed frictionless
horizontal surface. The man starts running rightward on the board and acquires a speed u
relative to the board. Find his speed relative to the fixed surface.

6. Let the velocity of the board relative to the surface = v rightward.

Net external force on the board + man system in the horizontal direction = 0
m ( u + v) + Mv = 0
mu
v=–
m+M
Mu
Speed of man relative to the surface = rightward
m+M
7. Find the position of centre of mass of the y
uniform lamina shown in figure.

(0, 0) a x

7. Area of complete circle Ac = a2

a 2
Area of small circle As = (a/2)2 =
4
a2
− (a / 2)
A 1x 1 − A 2 x 2 4 a
Xcm = = =−
A1 − A 2 a − (a / 4)
2 2
6
ycm = 0
(- a/6, 0 )
8. A body of mass 2 kg makes an elastic collision with another body at rest and continues to
move in the original direction but with one – fourth its original speed. What is the mass of
the second body with which it collides. [4]
8. From the principle of conservation of momentum
2v + 0 = Mu + 2  v/4
3v/2 = Mu …(i)
Collision is elastic, kinetic energy is conserved
1 2 1 1 v2
2v = Mu2 + 2 .
2 2 2 16
from (i) and (ii) M = 1.2 kg

9. In the figure , the block of mass m , attached to the spring of Wall

stiffness k is in contact with the completely elastic wall, and
the compression in the spring is ‘e’. The spring is m
compressed further by ‘e’ by displacing the block towards left
and is then released. If the collision between the block and
the wall is completely elastic then find the time period of [10]
oscillations of the block
k
9. x = x0 sint where x0 = 2e = maximum compression and  =
m
Initially x1 = e = x0 sint1 and x2 = 2e = x0 sint2

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)

  m  m  2 m
 T = 2(t2 - t1) = 2 − =
2 k 6 k  3 k
 
10. Two spherical bodies of masses m and 5m and radii R and 2R respectively, are released in
free space with initial separation between their centres equal to 12 R. If they attract each
other due to gravitational force only, then find the distance covered by smaller sphere just
before collision. [2]
10. Fext = 0
xcm = 0
 The distance moved by smaller sphere = 7.5 R.
11. A very heavy plane is moving upward with a constant velocity 10 m/s. A ball starts falling
towards the plane at time t = 0. Initial distance between plane and the ball is 100 m. Find
the distance travelled by the ball before it makes second collision with plane consider elastic
collision. [6]
1
11. 100 = 10 t1 + 10 t12
2
t1 = time for first collision
 t1 = 3.58 sec.
Velocity of ball before collision u = gt = 10  3.58 = 35.8 m/s
if velocity of ball just after collision is v1.
10 − v1
= -1
10 − ( −35 .8)
 v1 = 55.8 m/s
Let it again collides with the plane after time interval t
1
 10 t = 55.8 t - gt2
2
 t = 9.16 sec.
In this time interval distance moved by plane
64
= 9.16  10 = 91.6 m
during this time interval t, the ball goes to highest
point and returns to hight 91.6 m to collide with
u
plane. Since in reaching max. height, t = 155.6
g
= 5.58 sec.
(100 – 35.8)
u2 (55 .8)2
Smax = = = 155 .6 m
2g 2  10
distance returned = 155.6 – 91.6  64 m
 total distance travelled by the ball =
= (100 – 35.8) + 155.6 + 64 = 283.8 m
12. A small ball A slides down the quadrant A R = 10 cm
of a cirlce as shown in fig.2 and hits the
ball B of equal mass which is initially at
rest. Find the velocities of both balls after B
collision. Neglect the effect of friction and
assume collision to be elastic.

12. Potential energy at position A = mg (10)10–2

Kinetic Energy of A after sliding down the quadrant = 1/2 mv2
 mg(10–1) = 1/2 mv2
V2 = 2
V = 2 m/s
Collision is perfectly elastic, masses are same, one is at rest before colliding,

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
 velocity of A after collision = 0
Velocity of B after collision = 2 m/s

13. Calculate the centre of mass of a non-uniform rod, whose mass per unit length  varies as
 = o x2/L
Where  = constant, L is the length of the rod and x is the distance of any point on the rod
measured from one end. [8]
13. Y
dx
X
x
Consider an element of length dx at a distance x
  dx  x
XCm for element =
  dx
x3
0  dx
L
x2
0  dx
L
L 0
0 L
x 3  dx
 xCm for the entire rod =
L 0
0 L
x 2  dx
3 +1
L
4 = 3L
2 +1
L 4
3

14. The friction coefficient between the 1.0 m/s

horizontal surface and each of the block
shown in the figure is 0.2. The collision 2 kg 4 kg
between the blocks is perfectly elastic.
Find the seperation between them when 16 cm
they come to rest. Take g = 10m/s . 2 [8]
14. Velocity of first block before collision,
v12 = 12 − 2(2)  0.16
= 1 - 0.64
v1 = 0.6 m/s
By conservation of momentum, 2  0.6 = 2 v1 + C1 v 2
also v2 − v1 = v1 for elastic collision
It givs v 2 = 0.4 m/s
v1 = -0.2 m/s
Now distance moved after collision
(0.4)2 (0.2)2
s1 = & s2 =
22 2 2
 s = s1 + s2 = 0.05 m = 5 cm.

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
15. Two blocks A and B of mass 4m and m respectively, are
connected through a massless string passing through an ideal
pulley. Initially block A is 4 m above the block B as shown in the
figure. Now system is released at t = 0 sec. Find the time after
which both blocks cross the same level. Also find velocity of the A 4m 4m
blocks at the instant when they cross the same level. m B
[2]

15. 4mg – T = 4ma

T – mg = ma
3g 1
a= ; x = at 2
5 2
1 2 1
4 – x = at  x = at 2
2 2
4 20 2
t= = = sec.
a 3g 3
vA = v B = at = 24 m/s
16. A man of mass m is moving with a constant acceleration
a w.r.t. plank. The plank lies on a smooth horizontal
floor. If mass of plank is also m then calculate
acceleration of plank and man w.r.t. ground, and frictional
force extended by plank on man.
16. FBD of plank:
f

(only horizontal forces are shown)

f
 a1 = … (i) (acceleration of plank w.r.to ground)
m
For man:
ma1 + f = ma
from (i) 2ma1 = ma  a1 = a/2
a a
acceleration of man w.r.t. plank = a - =
2 2
a a
acceleration of man w.r.to ground = aMP + aPG = + (- ) = 0
2 2
ma ma
f= =
2 2

COM-III-2Marks

1. A stream of dust particles is coming out horizontally from a pipe at a constant rate of  kg/s
with uniform velocity u. The stream strikes a trolley of mass M kept on a horizontal
frictionless plane, which retains it (coefficient of restitution of the collision being zero.).
Initially the trolley is at rest and if at t = 0 the stream of dust strikes the trolley, find the
velocity and acceleration of the trolley at time t. [4]
[6]
1. • Applying the equation for variable mass system

dv    dM
M = Fext + (u − v )
dt dt
dv
 (M + t) = 0 + (u – v) 
dt
v t
dv dt
•  = 
o u− v o M + t

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
v t
 ln( u − v )   ln( M + t ) 
   =  
 − 1 o   0
ut
v=
M + t
dv Mu
• Acceleration a = = .
dt (M + t )2

2. In the shown figure a triangular wedge of mass M and a m

1
small cube of mass m is placed. The coefficient of friction
between wedge and cube is 1 and between wedge and 2 M
ground is 2. (2 = 1/2). Find the force of friction on 

wedge due to ground. It is given that 1 > tan . [2]

2. Since 1 > tan  so cube will not slip on the wedge. Hence force of friction between the
ground and wedge is zero.
3. Two blocks of masses 4 kg and 6 kg connected by a
massless string are kept on a rough surface having 30 N 10 N
coefficient of sliding friction 0.2. Two horizontal 4 kg 6 kg

forces of 30 N and 10 N is applied on 4 kg and 6 kg

=0.2
blocks. Find the friction force on both the blocks and
tension in the string.
3. Friction on 4 kg has to be maximum for non zero tension
30 = T + fmax
T = 30 – 8 = 22 N
for 5 kg block
22 – 10 = f = 12 N

COM-I-4Marks

1. Linear mass density of a rod PQ of length l and mass P Q

m is varying with the distance x (from P ) , as
x
=
m
(1 + ax )
2l
(i) Determine the value of a [4]
(ii) also determine the distance of c.m. from the end P.

1. dm = dx P Q
l
m=
m
 (1 + ax )dx  a = 2/l x
dx
0
2l
From P
l m 2x 
 xdm 0 x 2l 1 + dx
l  7l
xcm = = = [8]
m m 12

2. (a) A body of mass m1 makes a head on elastic collision with a stationary body of mass m2
lying on a smooth horizontal surface and rebounds along the same line with half of its
initial speed then find m1/m2.
(b) If collision is inelastic (e = 0.75) , find m1 / m2 [4]

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
2. Let the velocity of m1 = v0
total momentum just before collision = m1v0
 − v0 
total momentum just after collision = m1   + m2 v 
 2 
As, Fext(horizontal ) = 0
so, Pi = Pf  m2v = 3m1(v0/2) … (i)
Apply, coefficient of restitution,
v
(a) When e = 1, v = 0
2
m1 1
so, =
m2 3
v m1 1
(b) When e = 0.75, v = 0 so, =
4 m2 6

3. An explosion blows a rock in to three parts. Two pieces go off at right angle to each other;
1 kg piece with a velocity of 12 m/sec and 2 kg piece with a velocity of 8 m/sec. The third
piece flies off with a velocity 40 m/sec.Compute the mass of third rock. [4]

3. Initial momentum = 0
Along x – axis : – V2m2
0 = m1v1 – m3v3cos …(1)
Along y – axis : –
0 = m2v2 – m3v3sin ……(2)
•
from (1) & (2); squaring and adding  V1m1
m12v12 + m22v22 = m33v3
m1 v 1 + m 2 v 2
2 2 2 2
12  12 2 + 2 2  8 2 1 v3m3
m3 = 2
= 2
= kg
v3 40 2

4. Three men A, B, and C of mass mA, mB and mC

W W W
respectively, are standing on a boat of mass M and
length L as shown in figure. After some time B called A W W W
L/2 L/2
and C to his position for a discussion. Find the
displacement of centre of mass of boat due to these
movements. [4]

4. Suppose boat is shifted X in right direction,

    
m A x A + mB x B + m C x C + Mx b
we know  X cm =
m A + mB + m C + M

As there is no external force in the direction of displacement so  x cm = 0
m (x + L / 2) + mB (x ) − m C (L / 2 − x ) + Mx
0= A
m A + mB + m C + M
 ( mA + mB + mC + M) x = L/2(mC – mA)
 mC − m A L
x =  
 m A + mB + m C + M  2
 

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
5. A small ball A slides down the quadrant of a A O
circle as shown in the figure and hits the ball B
of equal mass which is initially at rest. Find 0.1 m
the velocities of both ball after collision. B
Neglect the friction and assume the collision to
be elastic.? (take g = 9.8 m/s2)

1
5. mgh = m u12  u1 = 140 cm/sec.
2
mu1 = mv1 + mv2 … (i)
v 2 − v1
1= … (ii)
u1 − u2
from the above equations
v1 = 0, v2 = 140 cm/sec.

6. A vertical spring having stiffness k is supporting a plate of mass m. m

A particle of mass m falls from a height h above the plate and h

sticks to the plate. Find maximum compression in spring.

6. Velocity just before striking is = 2gh (say v)

v
then after collision velocity of plate + particle =
2
Applying conservation of energy
2 2 2
1  mg  1 v 1  mg 
k  + (2m)  + 2m(gx ) = k + x
2  k  2 2 2  k 
2mg + m2g2 + 2kmgh
 x=
k
mg
so maximum compression = x +
k
7. A block of mass 'M' is suspended by a light spring of
stiffness k. A bullet of mass 'm' moving upward hits the
block with speed v0 gets embedded into it. Find
(a) the maximum speed of the combined mass. k
(b) the amplitude of oscillation
(c) period of oscillation.
M
m
7. (a) conserving linear momentum we get
mv 0
v= . . . (1)
M+m
conserving energy at mean position,
2
1  mv 0  1 1 1
(M + m)   + k x 02 = mv + k( x 0 + x ) - (M + m)g x . . . (ii)
2 2
2 M+ m 2 2 2
Mg (M + m )g
where x0 = and x0 +x =
k k

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
mg
 x= . . . (iii)
k
1/ 2
 mv 02 Mg 2 
put this value in (ii) and get Vmax =  − 
m + M k 
k
(b) Here  = solving the equation we can get the value of v.
(M + m)
v
 vmax = A  A = m ax

2 (M + m)
(c) T = = 2
 k

8. Two particles A & B of mass m each hit the ends of a rigid A

bar of mass M and length  inelastically. The bar is kept
/2
on a smooth horizontal plane. (as shown) Find the linear
and angular speed of the system (bar + particle) after the
collision.
/2
B
[10]

8. Conservation of linear momentum : A

Pi = mv – mv = 0
 vcm = 0 /2
Conservation of angular momentum
 Linitial = Lfinal
m m /2
where Linitial v+ v = mv B
2 2
Let, the system rotate about its c.m. 'O' with an angular speed 
 Lfina = (Isystem) 
where Isystem = M.I. of the system about 0 = (Irod)0 + (IA)0 + (IB)0
2 2
M 2    M + 6m  2
 Isystem = + m  + m  =  
12 2 2  12 
therefore,
 M + 6m  2
  = mv
 12 
12 mv
 = .
(M + 6m)

9. A ball with mass M/2 filled with gas (whose

mass is M/2) is kept on a frictionless table. A
bullet of mass m = M/4 and velocity v0 î
penetrates the ball, and rests inside at y
m, v0
t = 0. Assume that the amount of gas emitted
during the collision can be neglected. The R x
compressed gas is emitted at a constant
velocity v0/2 relative to the ball and at an even

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
 dM 
rate   = k (k is a positive constant).
 dt  gas
(a) What is the velocity of the ball after the collision with the bullet ?
(b) Find the velocity of the ball v(t) as a function of time. Assume that the emission of
gas starts at t = 0. What is the final velocity of the ball ? [2+6=8]

9. (a) From the law of conservation of linear momentum, we can write :

(m + M)v1 = mv0
we define v1 as the velocity of M + m (the ball, bullet and all the gas). Hence,
 m v
v1 = v 0 î = 0 î
M+m 5
(b) The force that the emitted gas applies on the ball is
d(mv r ) dm v
Fgas = = vr = k 0
dt dt 2
dv v
(m + M – kt) = −k 0
dt 2
Rearranging and integrating this expression we obtain :
  v t
v( t ) − v 1 = − 0 ln( m + M − kt ) 0 î
2
Substituting the limits
  1 1  m + M 
v( t ) = v 0  + ln  î . . . (i)
 5 2  m + M − kt 
The final velocity of the ball is determined according to the time that passes untill the
force applied by the emitted gas stops, or when the mass of the gas in the ball is zero, 0
M
= − kT . Hence,
2
M
T=
2k
substituting the value of T in equation (i) we get,
  
 1 1  m + M 
vfinal = v(T) = v0  + ln  = 0.455 v0
 5 2  m + M 
  
 2 

10. A wedge of mass M = 9 kg is situated on a smooth

horizontal plane. At t = 0 a shell of mass 4 kg is B
projected with velocity 103 ms−1 from the point A u
situated at ground near foot of the wedge, at an 60
0
0
M
angle 600 with horizontal (figure). At t = 1.5 sec the 30
shell collide inelastically with the inclined surface of A C
the wedge and slides up along the plane. Find the
velocity of the wedge just after collision. [10]

10. At t = 1.5 sec vertical component of velocity of the

shell uy v2
3
= uy– gt =103  -10  1.5 = 0 Hence the shell v1
2 0
60 0
=30
collide with the wedge while it is moving horizontally.
Let velocity of wedge be v1 and velocity of ball after

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
collision be v2 (with respect to wedge)
Since there is no horizontal external force acting on the (wedge + shell) system. Conserving
momentum of the system in horizontal direction.
Mv1 + m(v1 + v2 cos ) = mu . .. .(i)
where u is the velocity with which the shell collides with the wedge.

Since the force applied by the wedge on the shell during collision is acting along the normal
to the inclined plane. Therefore momentum of the shell along the inclined plane will be
conserved
m(v2 + v1 cos ) = mu cos
v2 = (u – v1 ) cos  . . . (ii)
Substituting the value of v2 from (ii) in (i)
we get
mu sin2 
v1 =
M + m sin2 
u = u cos  = 10 3 cos 600 = 5 3 m/s
4  5 3  sin2 30 0 3
v1 = = ms−1
9 + 4 sin 30
2 0
2

11. A ball moving with a speed of 9 m/s strikes an identical stationary ball such that after the
collision the direction of each ball makes angle of 30 with the original line of motion. Find
the speeds of the two balls after the collision. Is kinetic energy conserved in this collision
process? [12]

11. m

m m
30
9m/s 30
u=0

m
Before collision,
Momentum = 9m
After collision, momentum in the horizontal direction
= mv1cos30 + mv2cos30
= m[v1cos30 + v2cos30]
 Conserving momentum in horizontal direction
9m = m[v1cos30 + v2cos30]
 9 = v1cos30 + v2cos30 …(1)
Before collision momentum in the vertical direction = 0
After collision momentum = mv1sin30 – mv2sin30
 Conserving momentum in vertical direction
v1sin30 = v2sin30 or v1 = v2 = v say
9 9
 9 = 2vcos30 and v = = m/s
2 cos 30 3
1 81m
Energy before collision; m(9)2 =
2 2
 1  9   81m
2

Energy after collision, 2 m  =

 2  3   3
 Energy is not conserved during this collision.

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)

12. A cylindrical solid of mass M and cross-sectional

area A is pushed parallel to its axis (x-axis) with a y
speed v0 in the positive direction. At t = 0 its front
face passes the plane x =0. The region to the right A
of this plane is filled with stationary dust particles of M
constant density . When the dust particles collide x
with the face of the cylinder it sticks to it. Assuming
dimension of the cylinder remains constant and
dust stickes only to the front face, find the velocity
of the front face as a function of it’s displacement.
[10]

12. Applying the equation of variable mass system

dv
(M + Ax) = 0 + (-v). (Av)
dt
dm
when v is the velocity of the block at any time t and Av is taken for , x is the
dt
displacement of body.
dv
(M + Ax)v = - Av2
dx
v x
dv dx
 v
=- M
v0 0 +x
A
v M + Ax
ln 0 = ln
v M
Mv 0
 v=
M + Ax

13. A uniform rod of mass M and length  lies on a smooth horizontal plane. A particle of mass
m moving at a speed v perpendicular to the length of the rod strikes it at a distance /4 from
the center and stops after the collision find
(a) The velocity of the center of rod.
(b) The angular velocity of the rod about its center just after the collision. [8]

13. Conservation of linear momentum

m
mv = MV or V=
v
M V
conservation of angular momentum /4

 M 2 3mv v
mv =   =
4 12 M

14. A ball of mass m hits a wedge vertically with m

speed v0, which is placed, on a smooth v0
horizontal surface. Find the maximum
M
compression in the spring, if the collision is
0
perfectly elastic and no friction any where. 45

[8]

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
14. The ball rebounds horizontally. Let say with 0
45
speed v and the wedge with V. 0
45
Momentum conservation mv = MV v
MV M V
 v= 45
0
m
Restitution
V cos 45 + v cos 45 v + V
1= =
v 0 cos 45 v0
 v + V = v0
MV
+ V = v0
m
(m + M)V mv 0
= v0  V=
m m+M
1 1 M M mv 0
MV 2 = kx 2  x= v =
2 2 k k m+M

15. A small particle traveling with a velocity v collides

elastically with a spherical body of equal mass and of
radius R initially kept at rest. The center of this m v
spherical body is located a distance d(=R/2)away from d R
the direction of motion of the particle. Find the final m
velocities of particle and body.
[4]

15. There is no impulse acting along tangential direction v1x

during the collision  Linear momentum particle is not v0 sin t

I v0
changed n
 v1x = v sin  . . . (i) v1y

v0 cos R
along n - n direction: momentum of the system is

conserved.
mv cos  = mv1y + mv2 v2
 v2 + v1y = v cos . . . (iii)
Also, collision is elastic (e = 1)
n
 v2 – v1y = v cos . . . (iv)
solving (iii) and (iv), we get :
v1y = 0, v2 = v cos
R/2 1
Now sin = = ,  = 300
R 2
v
final velocity v1 = v1x = vsin = (along common tangent)
2
For spherical body
v 3
final velocity = v cos  = v cos 30 = (along common normal)
2

16. A sphere of mass m is moving with a velocity (4 ˆi − ˆj ) m/s hits a surface and rebounds with a
velocity ( ˆi + 3 ˆj ) m/s. Find the impulse it receives. Find also the coefficient of restitution
between the sphere and the surface.

16. Impulse = change in momentum

( ) ( ) (
J = m ˆi + 3ˆj − m 4iˆ − ˆj = m −3iˆ + 4ˆj )
RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT
 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
To find the coefficient of restitution we require the velocity components, before and after the
(
impact, in the direction of J i.e. in the direction of the vector −3iˆ + 4ˆj . )
1
The unit vector in the direction of J is
5
(
−3iˆ + 4ˆj )
The magnitudes of the velocity components in this direction are
1
( )
(4 ˆi − ˆj ). −3iˆ + 4ˆj = −
5
16
5
(before impact)

1
( )
( ˆi + 3ˆj ). −3iˆ + 4 ˆj =
5
9
5
(after impact)

Newton’s law of restitution gives

9 16 9
=e e= .
5 5 16

17. Two ladders are hanging from ends of a light rope

passing over a light and smooth pulley. A monkey of
mass 2m hangs near the bottom of one ladder whose
mass is M-2m. Another monkey of mass m hangs
near the bottom of the other ladder whose mass is M-
m. The monkey of mass 2m moves up a distance  M-2m M-m
with respect to the ladder. The monkey of mass m
moves up a distance  /2 with respect to the ladder.
Does the centre of mass of the system changes, if so
then calculate its value. 
/2

2m m
2m.y1 + (M − 2m)y 2 + my 3 + (M − m)y 4
17. y cm 1 =
2M
Let the left ladder move downward a distance y0 with respect to ground.
2m.( y1 − y 0 +  ) + (M − 2m)( y 2 − y 0 ) + m( y 3 + y 0 +  / 2) + (M − m)( y 4 + y 0 )
y cm 2 =
2M
2m  + m  / 2 5m 
ycm = ycm2 - ycm1 = = .
2M 4M

18. (a) Three identical balls (ball I, ball II and ball III) are placed on a smooth floor on a straight
line at the separation of 10 m between balls as shown in figure. Initially balls are stationary.
I II III

10 m 10 m
Ball I is given velocity of 10 m/s towards ball II, collision between ball I and II is inelastic with
coefficient of restitution 0.5 but collision between ball II and III is perfectly elastic. What is
the time interval between two consecutive collisions between ball I and II ? [6]

18. (a) Let velocity of I ball and II ball after collision (between ball I and II ) be respectively
v1 and v2
v2 - v1 = 0.5  10 . . . (i)
mv2 + mv1 = m  10 . . . (ii)
 v2 + v1 = 10
solving (i) and (ii)
v1 = 2.5 m/s, v2 = 7.5 m/s

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
Ball II after moving 10 m collides with ball III elastically and stops. But ball I moves towards
ball II.
Time taken between two consecutive collisions
10 10
= = = 4sec.
v1 2.5

19. A shell of mass 3m is moving horizontally through the air with a vel. ‘u’. An internal
explosion causes it to separate into two parts of masses m and 2m which continue to move
horizontally in the same vertical plane. If the explosion generates an additional energy of 12
mu2, prove that the two fragments separate with the relative speed 6u. [10]

19. Let u1 and u2 be the velocity of m and 2m in the direction of u

By conservation of momentum
3mu = mu1 + 2mu2
or 3u = u1 + 2u2 . . . (i)
1 1 1
Additional energy generated = kf - ki = mu12 + 2m u 22 -  3mu2
2 2 2
= 12 mu2 (given)
or u1 + 2u2 = 27u
2 2 2
. . . (ii)
(3u – 2u2)2 + 2 u 22 = 27u2
u22 − 2uu 2 - 3u2 = 0
(u2 – u)2 = 4u2 or u2 = u  2u = 3u or – u
substituting the value of u2 in (i)
u1 = -3u or 5u
The values u1 = -3u and u2 = +3u are not acceptable because the two masses being
unequal can not have equal velocities.
 u1 = 5u and u2 = - u
relative velocity = 5u – (-u) = 6u.

20. A sphere of mass m is moving with a velocity (4 ˆi − ˆj ) m/s hits a surface and rebounds with a
velocity ( ˆi + 3 ˆj ) m/s. Find the impulse it receives. Find also the coefficient of restitution
between the sphere and the surface.
20. Impulse = change in momentum
( ) ( ) (
J = m ˆi + 3ˆj − m 4iˆ − ˆj = m −3iˆ + 4ˆj )
To find the coefficient of restitution we require the velocity components, before and after the
( )
impact, in the direction of J i.e. in the direction of the vector −3iˆ + 4ˆj .
1
The unit vector in the direction of J is
5
(
−3iˆ + 4ˆj )
The magnitudes of the velocity components in this direction are
1
( )
(4 ˆi − ˆj ). −3iˆ + 4ˆj = −
5
16
5
(before impact)

1
( )
( ˆi + 3ˆj ). −3iˆ + 4 ˆj =
5
9
5
(after impact)

Newton’s law of restitution gives

9 16 9
=e e= .
5 5 16

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
21. A rod OA of mass ‘m’ and length L hinged L
O
A
at end O can rotate smoothly in vertical
plane about an horizontal axis passing 60
L
through O. It is released from a horizontal C
position as shown in the figure and strikes a
block of mass M kept vertically below O at M
distance L on a smooth horizontal surface. B
The block after collision moves on the
smooth vertical circular track of diameter L
such that the force exerted by the circular
track on the block at point C is one third of [4]
its weight. If the rod after collision rebounds
through an angle 60 from the vertical, find
the ratio of masses M/m.
21. By conserving the energy of rod
L 1
 mg = I0 2
2 2
3g
= [where  is the angular velocity of rod just before collision]
L
After collision
L 1
mg = I0 2 [where  is the angular velocity of rod just after collision]
4 2
3g
=
2L
By applying COAM of rod + block system about O
 I0 = − I0 + MVL [where V is the velocity of block just after collision]
2 
mL 3g 3g 
 MVL =  + 
3  L 2L 
m gL  2 + 1
 V=   . . . (1)
M 3  2 

Also by applying COE at point B and C and writing equation of motion of block at C
1 1 L
 MV 2 = MV 2 + Mg . . . (2)
2 2 2
[V is the velocity of block at point C]
MV 2 Mg
= . . . (3)
(L / 2 ) 3
By using (1), (2) and (3)

We get
M
=
( 2 +1 ) .
m 7

22. A person weighing 2 kg is standing on one end a plank of m

mass 10 kg and length 12 cm. He walks 6 cm towards
other end w.r.to plank. Find the displacement of plank
M
w.r.to man and ground. Plank is lying on smooth plane.
L
22. Let displacement of plank is x cm w.r.to ground then displacement of man ill (6 – x) with
respect to ground.
Displacement of plank with mass = -x – (6 – x) = -6 cm.

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
- ve sign indicates displacement is in rightward direction.
Now C. M. will be at rest.
 xcm = 0
- Mx + m (6 – x) = 0
x = 1 cm.

23. A uniform bar of length 6a and mass 8m lies 2m

on a smooth horizontal table. Two point v
masses m and 2m moving in the same 8m
horizontal plane with speeds 2v and v
respectively, strike the bar (as shown in 2a a 2a a
figure) and stick to bar after collision. 2v
Calculate m
(a) velocity of the centre of mass.
(b) angular velocity about centre of mass.
(c) Total kinetic energy, just after collision.
23. (a) As Fext = 0, linear momentum of system is conserved i.e.
- 2m  v + m  2V + 0 = (2m + 8m + m) V
v = 0 i . e. velocity of C. M. is zero.
(b) As ext = 0, angular momentum of equating the system is conserved,
angular momentum about centre ofm ass or rod.
m1v1r1 + m2v2r2 = (I1 + I2 + Ibar)
8m(6a)2
2mva + m(2v) 2a = [ 2ma2 + m(2a)2 + ]
12
 = v/5a
(c) As system has no translatory motion
1
KE = (I1 + I2 + IB )2
2
3
= mv 2 .
5

24. A disc of radius R and mass M is placed on smooth M

horizontal surface as shown in figure. A light rod of length 
• R
is hanged from the centre of disc and a small mass m is
attached at the end as shown in figure. Now a velocity V0 is

given to mass m. Find the maximum height which mass m
can attain.
• m v0
( Assume rod can rotate < 90)

24.

•
• v

• v0 • v0

mV0 = (M + m) V

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
mV0
V=
M+m
From energy conservation
1 1
mV02 + Mg  = mgh + Mg  + (M+m)V2
2 2

1 1 m2 v 0 2
mV02 – = mgh
2 2 (M + m )

1 mV0 [M + m − m]
2
= mgh
2 [M + m]
2
1 V0 M
h=
2 g (M + m)
25. A particle is projected vertically with velocity v0. Wind is `
blowing and is providing a constant horizontal
acceleration a0. There is a vertical wall at some
distance from point of projection. If particle strikes the
vertical wall perpendicularly then calculate y
(i) time of flight.
v0
(ii) velocity with which particle strikes the vertical wall.
(iii) distance x and y.
(iv) If collision at vertical wall is perfectly elastic will x
particle retrace its path ?
(v) Is path of particle parabolic ?
25. v0 – gt = 0  t = v0/g
v = 0 + a0t = a0v0/g
1 a v2 1 v2 v2
x = a0t2 = 0 0 ; y = v0t - g 20 = 0
2 2g 2 g 2g
yes it will retrace its path, path is not parabolic.
m
26. A block of mass M with a semicircular track of radius R rests A

on a horizontal frictionless surface. A uniform cylinder of

radius 'r' and mass 'm' is released from rest at the top point A.
The cylinder slips in the semicircular frictionless track. How
fast is the block moving when the cylinder reaches the bottom B
of the track ? M

26. Initial energy of the system = mgR A m

final energy when the cylinder reaches the bottom of the track
1 1
B= mv2 + M v 12
2 2
B
where v is the absolute velocity of 'm'
M
and v1 is the absolute velocity of 'M'.
1 1
 mg(R-r) = mv2 + M v 12 . . . (I)
2 2
Initial momentum of the system = 0
final momentum when cylinder has reached bottom of the track B

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
= mv - Mv1 . .. (ii) (assuming track moves towards left)
 mv - Mv1 = 0 . .. (2)
2
mv 1 1  mv  1 1 m2 v 2
 v1 = and mg(R-r) = [m] [v]2 + [M]   = mv2 +
M 2 2 M  2 2 M

v2  m2  2g(R − r)  2gM(R − r) 
= m+ or v2 = =
2  M   m  M+m 

1 +
 M
 
1/ 2 1/ 2
 2g(R − r) 
1/ 2
 2gM(R − r)  m  2gM(R − r) 
v=   and v1 = = m 
 M+m  M  M + m   M(M + m) 

COM-II-4Marks
1. A ball of mass m moving with speed v makes head on collision with an identical ball at rest.
3
The kinetic energy of balls after collision is th of the original. Find
4
(i) coefficient of restitution.
(ii) velocities of respective balls after collision. [6]
1. Let v1’ and v2 be the velocities of balls
 1+ e   1− e 
v1 =  v & v2 =  v
 2   2 
3
Given that kf = ki
4
1 1 31 
 mv12 + mv22 =  mv 2 
2 2 4 2 
substituting the value, we get
2 2
 1+ e   1− e  3 1
  +  =  e=
 2   2  4 2
 1+ 1/ 2   2 + 1
v1 =   v=  v
 2   2 2 
  
 1− 1/ 2   2 − 1
v2 =   v=  v
 2   2 2 
  

2. A ‘U’ shaped uniform rod of each of side having 


length ‘’ and mass ‘m’ is hinged from the one end of
m
one of its limbs as shown. Determine (a) the angle
made with vertical when it is in equilibrium position.

(b) Time period of small oscillations. 

[8]

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
2. Let the point of suspension is origin(O), then C.M. lies
O y
on vertical line when it is in equilibrium position.
m(0 ) + m(L / 2) + m(L ) m
xcm = = L/2 and 2/3 
3m 5/6
m( −L / 2) + m( −L ) + m( −L / 2) − 2L
ycm = =
3m 3 /2
L/2 x
 tan  = = ¾   = tan-1 (3/4) or 370
2L / 3 /2
2 2
 2L   L 
d2 =   +  
 3   2
5L
d=
6
  2  2  2  m 2
Moment of inertia I = Mk2 = 4m + +  − = 3m2
 12 4 2  3
(Assume full square and calculate moment of inertia about origin and subtract the moment of
inertia of fourth rod.)
I 6
Time period of a physical pendulum = 2 = 2 sec.
mgd 5g
3. Two particles of same mass m are connected by a light y
spring of natural length . This system is placed along
x-axis as shown in figure. If at t = 0 particle at origin is
given a velocity v0 î then find position of centre of mass

at any time t.
(0, 0) x

mv 0 + m(0 ) v 0
3. vcm = =
2m 2
 v t
so x(t) = + 0
2 2

4. There are four rods A, B, C and D of same length  but different linear mass density d, 2d,
3d & 4d respectively. These are joined to form a square frame with sides C & D along x & y
axis of coordinate axes respectively. Find coordinate of centre of mass of structure. [4]

4. Let the coordinated of C.O.M. of structure be xcm ycm y

A
d / 2 + 2d + 3d / 2 + 0 4
xcm = =
10 d 10 D xcm, ycm
B
d + 2d / 2 + 0 +  4d / 2 •
similarly ycm =
10 d x
4 C
ycm =
10
 4 4 
coordinate of centre of mass  , 
 10 10 

5. A wedge of mass M and inclination  is lying on a m

u
frictionless horizontal surface. A ball of mass m moving
horizontally with velocity u strikes the wedge as shown
in the figure. It coefficient of restitution is e. determine M

the velocity of the wedge after the collision.
RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT
 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)

5. Let v2x and v2y are the components of velocity along x v2y
and y axis as shown in the figure after collision and v1 is
the velocity of wedge.
v2x
Conserving momentum along horizontal direction
- Mv1 + mv2x = - mu … (i) M

individual momentum will be conserved along tangent
- v2x cos  + v2y sin  = u cos  … (ii)
v 2 x sin  + v 2 y sin  + v 1 sin 
e= (along common normal) .. (iii)
u sin 
from (i), (ii) and (iii)
mu sin 2 (1 + e)
v1 =
M + m sin 2 

6. A particle of mass m moving with a velocity (3 î + 2 ĵ )m/s collides with a stationary body of
m 1
mass M and finally moves with a velocity (- 2 î + ĵ ) m/s, if = find
M 13
(a) the velocity of the mass M
(b) the impulse received by each
(c) the coefficient of restitution.

6. (a) m(3 î + 2 ĵ ) + 0 = m (- 2 î + ĵ ) + 13 m( v x î + v y ĵ )
5 ĵ
v= î +
13 13
(b) Impulse on small mass (m) = (- 2 î + ĵ − 3 î − 2 ĵ ) = m( −5 î − ĵ )
Impulse on big mass = m ( 5 î + ĵ )
 velocity of separation along common normal 
(c) e =  
 velocity approach along common normal 
common normal is in the direction of impulse)

  5 î + ĵ   5 ĵ   5 î + ĵ  
 ( −2 î + ĵ. − î + .
  20   13 13   26  
=-     
  5 î + ĵ  
 (3 î + 2 ĵ ) −0 
 26 
   
 11 
=  .
 17 

7. Particle 1 moving with velocity v = 10m/s experienced a head on collision with a stationary
particle 2 of the same mass. As a result of the collision the kinetic energy of the system
decreases by  = 1.0%. Find the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the particle 1
after the collision. [

7. Let the mass of each particle be m, then by conservation of linear momentum

mv + m(o) = mv1 + mv2 . . . (1)
1
or Ki = mv 2
2

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
1 1
Kf =mv12 + mv 22
2 2
But according to the problem
K
100 = 
Ki
1
(
 2 m v − v1 − v 2
2 2 2
) (v 2
+ v 22 )= 
100  =  1- 1
 1  v 2 100
mv 2
 2 
 v2 + v2 3 v12 + v 22
1- = 1 2 2 ; = . . . (2)
100 v 4 v2
Now solving equation (1) and (2),
v1 = 10 m/s in the same direction.

m1
8. Two beads of masses m1 and m2 are threaded on a A

smooth circular wire of radius ‘a’ fixed in a vertical plane.

a
B is stationary at the lowest point when A is gently
dislodged from rest at the highest point. The impulse
given to B is just great enough to carry it to the level of
the centre of the circle while A is immediately brought to B m2
rest by the impact. Find m1 : m2
8. Velocity of m1 before collision = 2g.2a = 2 ga
Velocity of m2 before collision = 0
Velocity of m1 after collision = 0
Velocity of m2 after collision = 2ga
Conserving linear momentum along horizontal before and after collision;
m1 (2 ga ) + (m2 ) (0) = (m1 ) (0) + (m2 ) ( 2ga )
m1 2ga 1
 = =
m 2 2 ga 2

9. Figure shows two blocks A and B of same masses

0.32 kg connected by a light string passing over a
massless smooth pulley. The block is attached to
a spring of spring constant 40 N/m whose other 40 cm
end is fixed to a support 0.4 m above the horizontal
surface. Initially the spring is unstretched and m
A
vertical when the system is released to move. Find
the velocity of the block A at the instant it breaks of
from the surface. m B

0 .4
9. cos  = 
x + 0 .4
x+0.4
kx cos  + N = Mg 0.4 cm
At the instant it breaks off the surface N = 0 

 0 .4 
kx   = 0.32  10 A m T
 x + 0 .4 
N
x = 0.1 m. mg

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
0 .4
 cos  =
0 .5
using conservation of energy
1 1
 0.32  10  0.3 =  (0.32 )v 2  2 +  40(0.1)2
2 2
v = 1.5 m/sec.

10. A shell of mass 3m is moving horizontally through the air with a vel. ‘u’. An internal
explosion causes it to separate into two parts of masses m and 2m which continue to move
horizontally in the same vertical plane. If the explosion generates an additional energy of
12 mu2, prove that the two fragments separate with the relative speed 6u.

10. Let u1 and u2 be the velocity of m and 2m in the direction of u

By conservation of momentum
3mu = mu1 + 2mu2
or 3u = u1 + 2u2 . . . (i)
1 1 1
Additional energy generated = kf - ki = mu12 + 2m u 22 -  3mu2
2 2 2
= 12 mu2 (given)
or u12 + 2u22 = 27u2 . . . (ii)
(3u – 2u2)2 + 2 u 22 = 27u2
u22 − 2uu 2 - 3u2 = 0
(u2 – u)2 = 4u2 or u2 = u  2u = 3u or – u
substituting the value of u2 in (i)
u1 = -3u or 5u
The values u1 = -3u and u2 = +3u are not acceptable because the two masses being
unequal can not have equal velocities.
 u1 = 5u and u2 = - u
relative velocity = 5u – (-u) = 6u.

11. A freight car is moving on smooth

horizontal track without any external 
force. Rain is falling at the rate of u m/s at
u
an angle  with the horizontal. Rain drop
are collected in the car at the rate of  vo
kg/s. If initial mass and velocity of the car
are m0 and v0 respectively, find the time
[10]
after which it becomes stationary.

11. Instantaneous mass of the car m = mo + t.

If v be the instantaneous velocity of te car then

 vrelative = (-u cos - v)
dv dm
 m = Fext + vrel
dt dt
dv
 (m0 + t) = 0 - (u cos + v)
dt
0 t
dv dt
  (u cos  + v ) = −  m 
v0 0  0 + t
  
 

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
  m0 
  + t  
 u cos  + v   t
 = − ln    vo
 ln    1+ = 1+
 u cos  + v 0
 m 0  u cos  mo
 
  
mo v o
or t=
u cos 

12. Find the centre of mass of the letter M y

made of a uniform strip, whose dimensions
are given in the figure. 5 cm
30o

20 cm

10 cm

5 cm x
[10]

12. Area of rectangular section Y

= 5  20 = 100 cm2
Area of parallelogram section
= 5  10 sin30o = 5  10  (1/2)
= 25 cm2
Mass of rectangular section = M
Mass of parallelogram section = M/4
Centre of mass of each section will lie at
the intersection of diagonals
X

M(− 7.5) + (− 2.5) + M  2.5 + M  7.5

M
Xcm = 4 4 =0
M M
M+ + +M
4 4
Ycm =
M   5 + 10 cos 30 0  M   o 
 +  20 −  5 + 10 cos 30  + M  10
M  10 + 20 − 
4   2  4   2 
    
M M
M+ + +M
4 4
2M
20M + + 13 .175 10 + 13 .175
= 4 = = 10.635 cm
2M 1
2M + 1+
4 4

13. Consider the arrangement shown in the figure. One

end of a spring of stiffness (= 200 N/m) is attached to
a block B while its another end is free. The system is
released from state of rest, with the initial A B
compression of the spring being 0.1m. If the masses
of blocks A and B be 1 kg and 2 kg respectively, and
the collision with the wall is perfectly elastic, obtain
the maximum compression in the spring when block A
comes closest to the block B again. (Ignore any
friction) [9]

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
13. If vA and vB be the speeds of blocks A & B after losing contact with the spring for the first
time,
mAvA = mBvB
1 1 1
Also, m A v A + mB v B = k( x 0 )2
2 2
[x0 = initial compression of spring]
2 2 2
Solving the above equations, we get,
2 1
vA = m/s , vB = m / s.
3 3
collision of A with the wall will not change its speed as the collision is perfectly elastic. When
the block A comes in contact with the spring again, maximum compression would occur
when blocks A & B would have the same velocities. If v be the magnitude of velocity at that
instant,
(mA + mB)v = mAvA + mBvB
m v + mB vB 4
 v= A A = m/s.
(mA + mB ) 3 3
If xm be the maximum compression , then
kx m + (m A + mB )v 2 = m A v 2A + mB v B2 = kx 02
1 2 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
1
Solving we get , xm = ( )m
30

14. A mass of 2.9 kg is suspended from a string of length 50 cm and is at rest. Another body of
mass 100 gm, which is moving horizontally with a velocity of 150 m/s strikes and sticks to it.
i) What is the tension in the string when it makes an angle of 60 with the vertical?
ii) Will it complete a vertical circle? [10 + 4]

14. Momentum before collision = m1v1 = 100  10–3 (150)

60 Momentum just after collision = (m1 + m2)v2= [(100 10–
3) + 2.9]v
2
50 cm
150 m/s  Conserving momentum in the horizontal direction;l
m2
m1v1
100 gm
m1v1 = (m1 + m2)v2  v2 = = 5.1 m/s
m1 2.9 kg m1 + m2
Now let velocity at 60 angle be V;
 Conserving energy between these two positions
1 1
(m1 + m2 )v 22 = (m1 + m2 )v 2 + (m1 + m2)g [L (1 - cos)]
2 2
 v = 4.6 m/s
Now at 60  angle f.b.d. of the mass (m1 + m2) is;
T Where T is the tension in the string
60 (m1 + m2 )V 2
T – (m1 + m2)gcos60 =
L
 T = 142N approximately
Now whether the motion will be of one complete circle in the vertical
plane or not depends on V2;
(m1 + m2)g
If v2  5Lg motion will be of one complete circle
5Lg = 5 (50  10–2) (10) = 25 m/s
and v2 = 5.1 m/s
So; vertical circle will not be completed

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
15. A bullet of mass M is fired with a velocity 50 m/s at an angle '' with the horizontal. At the
highest point of its trajectory, it collides head on with a bob of mass 3M suspended by a
massless rod of length 10/3 m and gets embedded in the bole. After the collision the string
moves through an angle of 1200. Find,
(a) the angle ''
(b) The vertical and horizontal coordinates of the initial position of the bob with respect to the
point of firing of the bullet.[g = 10 m/s2 ] [12]

15. (a) At the time of projection, horizontal component of velocity of the bullet = 50 cos .
At the highest point consisting linear momentum of the (bullet + bob) system before and
after collision, assuming v1 as the velocity of the (bullet + bob) system after collision.
(M + 3M)v1 = (M) (50 cos )
25
 v1 = cos  m/sec.
2
Conserving mechanical energy just after collision and at the time the string makes an angle
of 1200 with the lower vertical.
1 10 10 
(M + 3M) v 12 = (M + 3M)g  + sin 30 0 
2 3 3 
625 cos 2  10 3
 = 2g  
4 3 2
10  g  4 20 4
 cos2  =  cos  = = = cos 370 ,  = 370.
625 25 5

4 3
(b) As cos  = , sin  =
5 5
The trajectory of the bullet before collision was a projectile. Maximum height of this
parabolic path from ground = H
v 2 sin2  50 2  (3 / 5)2 2500  9
= 0 = = = 45 m.
2g 2  10 2  10  25
1  2v 02 sin  − cos   2(50 )2 (3 / 5)( 4 / 5)
Half of the range of this projectile =  =
2  g  10  2
 
2500  3  4
= = 120 m.
10  25
Initial position of the bob with respect to the point of firing = 120m, 45 m).

16. A small block of mass m is placed on a smooth wedge m

of mass M as shown in figure. If the system is
released from rest. Calculate M
h
(a) the distance moved by the wedge when the block  smooth
reaches the bottom of the wedge.
(b) the velocity of the wedge at that moment.
mh cot 
16. (a) X =
m+M
gsin  cos 
(b) v = 2aX where a =
M
+ sin2 
m
17. The friction coefficient between the horizontal surface
and each of the blocks shown in figure is 0.2. The 2kg 4kg
collision between the blocks is perfectly elastic. Find
16 cm
the separation between them when they come to rest.
[4]
RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT
 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)

17. v1 = - 0.2 m/s & v2 = 0.4 m/s

v12 v 22
X1 = & X2 =
2a 2a
final separation X1 + X2 = 5 cm.

COM-III-4Marks

1. An inextensible string is passing over a light frictionless

pulley. On end of string is connected to a block of mass
4m which is resting on a horizontal surface. To another
end a plate of mass m is attached and is hanging in the
air. A particle of mass m strikes from above with m
vertical velocity v0 and sticks to the plate. Calculate
maximum height attained by block of mass 4m. m
4m

1. For 4m,
 Tdt = 4mv … (i)
For plate + particle
- Tdt = 2mv – mv0 … (ii)
from (i) and (ii)
v
v= 0
6
After collision,
For acceleration
T – 2mg = 2ma
4mg – T = 4ma  2mg = 6ma
 a = g / 6.
At maximum height velocity is zero.
2
v 
 0 -  0  = −2(a / 6)s
 6 
v 02
 S= .
12 g
2. Consider the arrangement shown in the figure. If C
the system is set free at t = 0 with the horizontal A B
bar at a height of h as shown in the figure, obtain h
velocities of the wedges A and B at the instant C  
hits the floor. Neglect any friction. Mass of each
wedge is m and that of C is M.
2. From the figure shown y
L/2
2y
2x + =L
tan 
 O 
dx 1 dy x
+ =0
dt tan  dt
y/tan x y/tan
dy dx
= − tan 
dt dt
If v and u be the magnitudes of the velocities of bar and wedges then
v = utan . . . (i)
RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT
 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
1 1
Mgh = Mv2 + 2  mu2 . . . (ii)
2 2
2Mgh tan2 
From (i) and (ii)  Velocity of bar c when it strikes floor =
Mtan2  + 2m
2Mgh
 Speed of wedges at the same instant =
Mtan2  + 2m

3. A shell of mass 700 gm is fired from ground with a velocity 40 m/sec. At highest point of its
trajectory, it collides inelastically, with a ball of mass M = 1.3 kg, suspended by a flexible
thread of length 1.4 m. If thread deviates through an angle of 1200,before being slackened.
Calculate
(a) angle of projection of shell
(b) maximum height of combined body from ground .
(c) distance between point of suspension of ball and point of projection of shell.

3. (a) Conserving linear momentum before and after collision

(0.7) (40 cos ) + 1.3 (0) = (0.7 + 1.3) v0
 v0 = 14 cos  = velocity of combined mass after collision
v2
when string slackens; (M + m) g sin 300 = (M + m)
r
rg
 v= = 7 m/sec
2
Conserving mechanical energy
1 1
(M + m)v2 + (M + m) gr(1 + sin 300) = (M + m) v 02
2 2
1
 cos  =   = 600
2

(b) Beyond the point of slackening combined body moves like a projectile. Maximum height
( 7 cos 30 0 )2
attained by this projectile from its point of projection = = 0.2625 m
2g
( 40 sin )2
Height of point of collision from ground = = 60 m.
2g

Total height = 60 + 0.2625 + (r + r sin 300) = 62.362 m

(c) Required distance = (40 3 )2 + (61.4)2 = 92.57 m.

4. A wedge of mass m and triangle cross- Z A

R v
section (AB = BC = CA = 2R) is moving with y
a constant velocity -vi towards a sphere of
x B C
radius R fixed on a smooth horizontal table
as shown in figure. The wedge makes an elastic collision with the fixed sphere and returns
along the same path without any rotation. Neglect all friction and suppose that the wedge
remains in contact with the sphere for a very short time. t, during which the sphere exerts a
constant force F on the wedge.
(a) Find the force F and also the normal force N exerted by the table on the wedge during
the time t.

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
(b) Let h denote the perpendicular distance between the of mass of the wedge and the line
of function of F. Find the magnitude of the torque due to the normal force N about the
centre of the wedge, during the internal t.

 F dt
A
4. (a) x = Mv – (-Mv)
0
 F cos 300 dt = 2Mv 90
60
0

0
30
F 3 C
t = 2mv B
F
F
2
4mv
F=
3 t
 4mv 4mv
Force F = cos 300 î − sin 30 0 k̂
3 t 3 t
2mv 2mv
= î − k̂
t 3 t
The normal force N
 2mv 
N =  + Mg k̂
 3 t 

(b) Wedge does not rotate therefore net torque will be zero.
F.h = NT
4mv
NT = .h
3 t

5. Consider a very thin, uniform chain of length L and

mass M, which falls onto a table from an initial state in L
which the bottom edge of the chain is at height d
above the table. Calculate the force applied on the
table d
(a) as a function of time,
(b) when the whole chain has fallen onto the table.
(c) Calculate for the previous case if d = L. [3+3+2=8]

5. The force acting on the table is due to two factors :

(I) The mass that is on the table.
(ii) The change of momentum of the chain when it hits the table and stops.
We will consider these two factors separately.
(I) The mass that is on the table
t

m(t) =  dm
t0

where dm =  v(t)dt
v(t) = v0 + gt
where v0 = 2gd .

  
t t
m(t) = 
0
v( t)dt =  2gd + gt dt
0

 1 2
=  t 2gd + gt 
 2 

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT

 CONSERVATION OF MEMOMENTUM (SOLVED NUMERICALS)
Change in momentum dp = v(t) dm = v(t) v(t) dt = v2(t) dt
dp
Hence, = v 2 ( t ) = ( 2gd + gt )2
dt
dp
 F = m(t)g +
dt

=
M
( 2
) 
 2gd + gt + g t 2gd + gt 
1 2 
L  2 
when the whole chain is on the table
m(t) = M
v(t) = 2g(L + d)

F=
M
2g(L + d) + Mg  = Mg  3 + 2d 
L  L 
 2L 
F = Mg  3 +  = 5Mg .
 L 

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES BOARD LEVEL ASSIGNMENT