GLOBAL ENGLISH – 01

You probably already know “hello” and “how are you?”

However, English speakers don’t always say “hello” and “how are you?”
They also use many other English greetings and expressions to say different
things.

1. You can use “hey” and “hi” to greet someone instead of “hello”.
Both are particularly popular among younger people. While “hi” is appropriate to
use in any casual situation, “hey” is for people who have already met. If you say
“hey” to a stranger, it might be confusing for that person because he or she will
try to remember when you met before! You can also add “man” to the end of
“hey” when greeting males. Some people also use “hey man” to casually greet
younger women, but only do this if you know the woman very well. Remember
that “hey” doesn’t always mean “hello”. “Hey” can also be used to call for
someone’s attention.

2. How’s it going? or How are you doing?

These are casual ways of asking “how are you?” If you’re trying to be
particularly polite, stick with “how are you?” but otherwise, you can use these
expressions to greet almost anyone. The word “going” is usually shortened, so
it sounds more like “go-in”. You can answer with “it’s going well” or “I’m doing
well” depending on the question. Although it’s not grammatically correct, most
people just answer “good” – and you can too. Like when responding to “how are
you?” you can also follow your answer by asking “and you?”.

3. What’s up?, What’s new?, or What’s going on?

These are some other informal ways of asking “how are you?” which are
typically used to casually greet someone you have met before. Most people
answer with “nothing” or “not much”. Or, if it feels right to make small talk, you
could also briefly describe anything new or interesting that’s going on in your
life, before asking “what about you?” to continue

4. How’s everything ?, How are things?, or How’s life?

These are some other common ways of asking “how are you?” They can be
used to casually greet anyone, but most often they’re used to greet someone
you already know. To these, you can answer “good” or “not bad”. Again, if small
talk feels appropriate, you could also briefly share any interesting news about
your life, and then ask the person “what about you?” or another greeting
question.

5. How’s your day? or How’s your day going?

These questions mean “how are you?” not just right now, but how you’ve been
all day. You would use these greetings later in the day and with someone you
see regularly. For example, you might ask a co-worker one of these questions
in the afternoon, or a cashier that you see at the grocery store every evening.
“It’s going well” is the grammatically correct response, but many people simply
answer with “fine”, “good” or “alright”. By the way, notice that “good”, “fine” or
“not bad” are perfect answers to almost any greeting question.

6. Good to see you or Nice to see you

These casual greetings are used with friends, co-workers or family members
that you haven’t seen in a while. It’s common for close friends to hug when they
greet each other, particularly if they haven’t seen each other in some time; so
you might use this greeting along with a hug or handshake depending on your
relationship with the person.

7. Long time no see or It’s been a while

These casual greetings are used when you haven’t seen someone in a long
time, particularly if you meet that person unexpectedly. How much is a long
time? It depends on how often you normally see that person. For example, you
could use one of these greetings if you normally see the person every week, but
then don’t see them for a few months or more. Usually, these English phrases
are followed with a question like “how are you”, “how have you been?” or
“what’s new?”

8. How have you been?

This greeting question is only asked by people who have already met. If
someone asks you “how have you been?” they want to know if you have been
well since the last time the two of you met.

9. How do you do?

This greeting is VERY formal, and quite uncommon, but it may still be used by
some older people. The proper response is “I’m doing well” or, as strange as it
seems, some people even ask “how do you do?” right back as an answer.
1. You-all” as “y’all” - is a second-person plural pronoun that occurs in some
regional versions of US English. It is used by some speakers to eliminate the
ambiguity caused by the Standard English “you”, since “you” does not
differentiate between singular and plural.

2. All of you - is a noun-phrase that may be used in Standard English when the
ambiguity of “you” by itself would be confusing or misleading.

1. For instance: as an example = For example

 You could, for instance, have an excellent dispute about the name.
(Times, Sunday Times - 2012)
 For instance, leather seats cost 800 new. (Times, Sunday Times - 2012)
 We found out that fruit loaf is better than cake or chocolate, for instance.
(The Sun - 2010)
 Look at his poster-size woodcut self-portrait, for instance. (Times,
Sunday Times - 2017)
 Are they in denial - for instance, are they hiding bottles? (The Sun -
2010)
 Using yellow, for instance, for the latter might have been a better idea.
(The Times Literary Supplement - 2011)
 As the identification of party with class has declined, for instance, so has
voting. (Times, Sunday Times - 2007)
2. Such as
We can use such as to introduce an example or examples of something we
mention. We normally use a comma before such as when we present a list
of examples. Where there is just one example, we don’t need a comma:
 The shop specialises in tropical fruits, such as pineapples, mangoes
and papayas. (… for example, pineapples, mangoes and papayas.
  I like groups such as Radiohead, New order, Placebo and REM.
 There are many countries I would like to visit, such as Spain, Italy and
Egypt.

Verb to look:
Look up – to try to find a particular piece of information by looking in a book or
on a list, or by using a computer.
Have you looked any of these words up?
I didn’t know what setback meant and had to look it up in a dictionary.
I’m trying to look up the phone number of all my old college friends.

Look after – to take care of someone or something and make certain that they
have everything they need or that they are safe.
It’s hard work looking after three children all day.
They looked after the dog for us while we were away.
Will you look after my bag for me?
I hope you’re looking after yourself.

Look back – to think about a time or even in the past – Remember, recall
Looking back, I think I made the right decision.
Most people look back on their school days with fondness (afeição/carinho).
Look back on it, I’ve absolutely no idea why I said that.

Look around – to look at the area around you.

When you look around, all you see are fields.
She stopped walking and slowly looked around her.

Look at – to direct your eyes towards someone or something so that you can
see them.
He turned and looked at her.
I couldn’t stop looking at her purple hair.

Look down – To direct your eyes to the ground, especially because you are
embarrased or ashamed.
He blushed and looked down at the floor.

*Look down on – to think that you are better or more important than someone
else, or to think that they are not good enough for you.
He look down on anyone who didn’t go to university.
The worst mistake a manager can make is to look down on staff.

Look for – To try to find someone or something

I’m looking for Jim. Have you seen him any where?
We spent half the morning looking for the keys.

Look in to – Try to discover the facts about something such as a problem or

crime = investigate.
We’re looking into the possibility of updating our computer network.
I wrote a letter of complaint nd the airline have promised to look into the
matter.

Look out – Used for warning someone to be careful and especially because
they are likely to have accident.
Looking out, there’s a car coming!

Look through – to read something quicly, especially to find the information you
need.
I’ve just been looking through you cook books for inspiration.
I’m look through these files and see if I can find a copy of the letter.

Look foward – to feel happy and excited about something that is going to
happen.
He had worked hard and was looking foward to his retrement.
We looking foward to the day when things will be a bit easier.
I’m really looking foward to working with you.

How Can Christians Keep Faith in God in Setbacks?

In real life, every time we face unfortunate events such as setbacks and
illnesses, we may think that God has forsaken us and no longer protects us,
and thereby sink into negativity and lose our faith in God. Yet as long as we
pray to God in these situations and understand His will, our mistaken viewpoints
will be turned around.
It seems as if the Lord is forever the embodiment of grace, blessings,
compassion, and mercy. And because of this, after we believe in God, we
expend ourselves for Him with great enthusiasm, and are willing to follow Him
all our lives.
Then, there comes a day when God turns His face away from us and baptizes
us in discipline, frustrations, diseases, and trials. At such time, our faith in Him
suddenly turns cold, and we become full of misunderstandings and blame for
God. We become weak to the point of being unable to get back on track.
“My brothers, count it all joy when you fall into divers temptations; Knowing this,
that the trying of your faith works patience. But let patience have her perfect
work, that you may be perfect and entire, wanting nothing” (James 1:2-4).

Vocabulary:
Setbacks - contratempos, fracassos, dificuldades, adversidades, problemas.
Forsaken - abandonado, desamparado, deixado.
Embodiment - encarnação, personificação
Trial – aprovação, exame, teste, experiência.