LESSON

TOO + ADJECTIVE
(used for emphasis)
It's hot today.
It's very hot today. It's too hot today.
It's too early to get up. It's too far to walk.
It's too expensive to buy.

Joe's grandfather is 80 years old.

He's too old to drive a car.
He's too old to work all day long.
He's too old to ride a horse.

ENOUGH
(Sufficient)

Joe is 21 years old.

He's old enough to drive a car.
He's old enough to get a job.
He's old enough to get married.
Modal Verbs
What do modal verbs mean?
All the auxiliary verbs except “be”, “do” and “have” are called modals.
Auxiliary verbs modals only exist in their helping form; they cannot act alone
as the main verb in a sentence. Modal verbs help verbs express ideas about the
past, the present and the future.

CAN
(permission or request)
Affirmative:
You can speak portuguese.
You can touch the ceiling.
You can lift the desk.
You can teach Italian

Interrogative:
Can you swim? Can I drive?
Can you dance?
Can she play the piano?
Can they go out?

Negative:
I can't smoke. We can't sit there.
He can't leave now.
I can't look at my book.

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COULD
(Past and a polite requests)

We could go to the club yesterday. (Affirmative)

Could they go to the gym yesterday? (Request)
She couldn't go to the cinema yesterday. (Negative)

Orders – Ask the policeman!

Suggestion – Let's ask the teacher.
Permission – Can we ask the teacher?

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COMPARATIVE

COMPARATIVE AS ... AS
(Equality)

The man is as fat as your father.

That man is as handsome as a movie actor.
That club is as crowded as the other one.

NOT AS NOT SO/ADJECTIVE AS

Used in the negative for comparisons as equality

That woman isn't as pretty as my sister.

That man isn't so good-looking as a movie star.
This night isn't so noisy as the past night.
It isn't so cold today as it was yesterday.
He's not as stupid as he looks!
I'm almost as good in math as in science.
This book is not as exciting as the last one.
The cafeteria is not as crowded as usual.

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Russian is not quite as difficult as Chinese.

COMPARISON OF SUPERIORITY AND INFERIORITY

1. Comparatives one syllable adjectives are formed withe ER suffix:
- cheap – cheaper
It's cheaper here than there.
- cool – cooler
It's cooler here than there.
fat – fatter
He's fatter than I.
thin – thinner
she's thinner than I.

Exceptions:

Good – better.
Bad – Worse.

He is a better student than I.

She is a worse student than I.

2. Comparatives of adjective of there or more syllables are formed by adding

more/less before the adjectives.
She's more (less) beautiful than Susan.
This house is more (less) comfortable than that one.

3. Comparatives of adjectives of two syllables follow rule 1 or 2.

Those ending in full, -re or -ous usually take more/less.
John is more careful than Bill.
This poet is more obscure than Shakespeare.
Doris is more famous than Judy.

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4. Those ending in -er, -y or -ly take the -er suffix.
Peter is clever than Paul.
She is prettier than Mary.
John is happier than Simon.

Attention: Y after consonant becomes I + ER. Ex: happier

BUT: his hair grayer than mine.

Jane is more Interesting than Helen.

Elegante

Active

Fluent

Nervous

relaxed

It's less polluted in the country than here.

It's confusing in a small town than downtown.

It's pleasant here than at the beach.

I'm sure that these are more common.

uncommon.

modern.

old-fashioned.

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It's cooler here than there.

warmer

hotter

colder

nicer

quieter

cheaper

windier

noisier

Where are you going to spend your day off?

in the country or in the mountains?

at the seashore. at the seaside.

Where are you going to spend your the holiday?

at the beach?

abroad?

in the State?

in Europe?

in Africa?

in North America?

in South America?

in Asia?

I don't know about you? ,

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SUPERLATIVES

- are always preceded by the definitive article THE.

- are formed according to the same rules for comparatives.

1. one syllable adjectives (suffix EST)

Tall
Mary is the tallest girl in class This is the fastest course in town.

2. Three or more syllables

She's the most intelligent girl in this class.
She's the least intelligent girl in her family.
Attention: Actives ending in FUL ex: useful English is the most useful language
in the world.

3. two syllables
pretty – She is the prettiest girl in the class.
modern – That's the most modern building in this area. Exceptions:
good – the best
bad – the worst
She's the best teacher at that school.
Which is the worst month of the year?

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Difference between bathroom and restroom
The term “bathroom” is used to describe the room which is used for
different functions. In the most common literary meaning, the term bathroom
implies a room with a bath. The bathroom has an area specially devoted for
bathing purposes. There can be a bathtub, shower area and even both along
with suitable fixtures. The bathroom is also known to house a sink which is
commonly addressed as a hand basin, wash basin or lavatory.
The term “rest room”, on the other hand, is generally used to describe
public toilet facility. The rest room is also known by various names such as
powder room, water closet, wash room, and toilet room. The rest room may be
a separate unit itself or may also be a part of the bathroom. At a minimum,
rest room may stand as a single unit boasting a toilet and a wash basin for hand
washing needs. At the same time, rest room in public places may feature a
number of toilets and a number of wash basins.

Foreigners
A: Where are you from?
A: How long have you been here? Where are you staying?
B: Answer
A: Where are you living?
B: Answer
A: That’s nice neighborhood.
A: How do you like it? (O que você está achando?)
B: Answer
A: Are you here for work/on vacation?
B: Question
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A: How do you like the food? (O que você achou da comida?)
B: Question
A: You have to try ... (você tem que experimentar ...)
A:Make you sure you go to Maracanã. (Não deixe de ir ….)
A: Let me give you my phone number.

CONTABLES

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UNCONTABLES

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 It’s about you … Eat Well - Live Well!
As consumers, we are often confused about who to believe
about nutrition advice and what to eat. But, eating right doesn’t
have to be complicated when we remember that the best advice is
based on science. By eating well, we can help prevent up to 70% of
the chronic diseases that affect our society today.
March is National Nutrition Month as designated by The
American Dietetic Association. This year’s theme is “Nutrition – It’s
A Matter of Fact.”
“Eating well to live well” means choosing nutrient rich foods-
foods that provide more nutrition (vitamins, minerals, fiber) than
calories per bite. Consuming fruits and vegetables is just one way to
get more nutrient rich foods in your diet. Depending on the time of
year, fresh produce may not be the most cost effective so select
canned or frozen vegetables that provide the most nutrition per
bite. Read food labels to get the nutrition facts quick and easy.
Think of the label as an “on the spot” consult every time you pick
up a can. Look for:
• Serving sizes and number of servings per can or container.
• Calories, protein, carbohydrate, fat, and fiber content per
serving size.
• Daily Values of the vitamins and minerals contained within the
product.

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 • Ingredient list- as ingredients are listed in descending order of
package content, starting with the item having the highest
percentage.
For over 65% of today’s consumers, choosing food and beverages
that are healthy is the biggest factor for buying certain foods. Think
nutrient rich foods, rather than good and bad foods. Remember,
• Go for whole grains
• Make room for fruit in your diet
• Paint your plate with vegetables
• Spill the beans
• Brighter the color of the food, the more nutrition
Eating healthy meals doesn’t require increased preparation time
in the kitchen or adding significant cost to your grocery bill. Think
convenience by purchasing packaged salad greens and adding beans
or a meat source along with additional vegetables or fruits to make
a hearty dish. Complete the meal with the addition of whole grain
bread or roll, and yogurt with fruit for dessert.
Just remember, eating right doesn’t have to be complicated.
Think more nutrition per bite. A nutrient rich food means more food,
not less. Remember the 80/20 rule – 80% of the time chose healthful,
20% treat yourself. You are what you eat. Eat to live, feel and be
well!

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