B1+

Unit 1
 SPEAKING

…………. SO …………………… + EXTRA DETAIL

BECAUSE
THEREFORE
BECAUSE
THAT IS TO SAY
 Present Simple
I swim We swim
You swim You swim
He/She/It swims They swim

I do not swim/ I don’t swim We do not swim/ We don’t swim.

You do not swim/ You don’t swim You do not swim/ You don’t swim
She/He/ It does not/ doesn’t swim They do not swim/ They don’t swim

You swim every day. You don’t swim every day.

Do you swim every day? Don’t you swim every day? Why do you swim every day?
Yes, I swim every day. No, I don’t swim every day. // Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

She swims every day. She doesn’t swim every day. Why does she swim every day?
Does she swim every day? Doesn’t she swim every day?
Yes, she swims every day. No, she doesn’t swim every day. //Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
 WHO, WHY, WHEN, WHERE, WHAT, HOW OFTEN, HOW MUCH, HOW MANY,
HOW, AT WHAT TIME
Who do you like more, Ana or María?
Why do you go to school every day?
When do you go to school?
Where do you live?
What do you study?
How often do you study?
How much do you spend on clothes?
How much milk do you need?
How many students do remember those words?
How do you spell your name?
At what time do you go to bed?
Ask about the underlined part of the sentence
I go to school every day.
Where do I go?
She likes children very much.
Who does she like ?
They always leave their office at 5 o'clock.
At what time do they always leave their office? When do they always leave their office?
It always rains here.
Where does it always rain?
My father wakes up at 6 a.m. every day.
When does my father wake up?
 WHO, WHY, WHEN, WHERE, WHAT, HOW OFTEN, HOW MUCH, HOW MANY,
HOW, AT WHAT TIME
Who do you like more, Ana or María?
Why do you go to school every day?
When do you go to school?
Where do you live?
What do you study?
How often do you study?
How much do you spend on clothes?
How much milk do you need?
How many students do remember those words?
How do you spell your name?
At what time do you go to bed?
Ask about the underlined part of the sentence
We often go for a walk before sleep.
Where do you go before sleep? What do you do before sleep?
She eats in a restaurant twice a week.
How often does she eat in a restaurant?
Bill earns 800 $ a month.
How much does Bill earn?
They have three dogs.
How many dogs do they have?
Kate usually sleeps upstairs.
Where does Kate usually sleep?
 Present simple and continuous
- A SITUATION THAT IS PERMANENT
- AN ACTIVITY HAPPENING AT THE PRESENT MOMENT
- AN ACTIVITY IN PROGRESS, BUT NOT HAPPENING
EXACTLY NOW
- SOMETHING WHICH HAPPENS FREQUENTLY WITH
ALWAYS
- AN ACTIVITY WHICH HAPPENS REGULARLY OR
OCASSIONALLY
- A SITUATION WHICH IS CHANGING OR DEVELOPING
- AN ACTIVITY WHICH IRRITATES THE SPEAKER
WRITE THREE SENTENCES ABOUT YOU AND
YOUR FAMILY ILLUSTRATING EACH OF THE
USES OF THE PRESENT TENSES.
• WHAT DO YOU THINK THESE TEENAGERS’
PARENTS WOULD SAY ABOUT EACH OF THE
TEENAGERS IN THE PHOTO?

(LIST OF ADJECTIVES)
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ADJECTIVES
• WHICH OF THE ADJECTIVES ABOVE
DESCRIBE/DESCRIBED YOUR PARENT’S
ATTITUDE TO YOU AS A TEENAGER?
 MAKE A LIST OF THE THINGS THAT PARENTS SOMETIMES SAY
ABOUT THEIR TEENAGE CHILDREN. (4)

HE’S SO UNTIDY!
YOU ARE ALWAYS MAKING A MESS!!

• WHAT DO YOU THINK PARENTS CAN DO TO LIVE HAPPILY WITH

THEIR TEENAGE CHILDREN?

• FOR EXAMPLE – LISTEN TO WHAT THEIR CHILDREN SAY.

• WRITE DOWN ON A PIECE OF PAPER 3 THINGS
TEENAGER DO WHICH THEIR PARENTS FIND
ANNOYING. PASS THE PAPER TO ANOTHER
STUDENT.

• TAKE TURNS TO TELL EACH OTHER WHAT

PARENTS SHOULD DO TO DEAL WITH THE
THINGS THAT ANNOY THEM.
• DO YOU THINK PENNY PALOMO HAS A
MOSTLY POSITIVE OR A MOSTLY NEGATIVE
ATTITUDE TO TEENAGERS?
 PRESENT PERFECT vs
P.PERFECT CONTINUOUS
EXAMPLES RULES
WATCH  WATCHED +ED
ARRIVE  ARRIVED +D
STUDY  STUDIED CONSONANT+ Y=IED
PLAY  PLAYED VOWEL+Y= +ED
PLAN  PLANNED 1 SYLL. (CVC) = DOUBLE CONSONN.
PREFÉR  PREFERRED MORE THAN 1 SYLL. (CVC) + LAST
SYLL. STRESSED = DOUBLE CONS.
ÓPEN  OPENED MORE THAN 1 SYLL. (CVC) + FIRST
SYLL. STRESSED = NO DOUBLE CONS.
http://a4esl.org/q/h/9807/km-ed-ing3.html
RESULT OR DURATION
RESULT OR DURATION
• State verbs generally fall into 4 groups:
• Emotion: love, hate, want, need
• Possession: have, own, want, belong
• Sense: see, hear, smell, seem
• Thought: know, believe, remember
STATE VERBS STATE VERBS AND CONTINOUS:
Thoughts: believe, know, remember, forget, think  Changing into ACTION VERBS:
(meaning believe), suppose, understand
I think that you are lazy. (opinion, state of mind)
Feelings: like, hate, want, need, prefer, Don’t disturb me, I am thinking! (action)
Senses: smell, taste, hear, see I feel it is not right. (I believe)
I am feeling unwell. (me encuentro mal)
Possessions: have, belong, own, contain, include
It smells good. (state, general truth)
Existence: exist, remain, consist, seem, mean, She is smelling her soup, it looks strange!
matter,
I hate you.
This plece belongs to me. I am hating you.
I hate Mondays.
I hear voices at night. I prefer to dance.
I own this house. I am prefering to dance
It seems strange.
I love it.
I am loving it.

It belongs to me.
It is belonging to me.
CERTAIN VERBS
CERTAIN VERBS
EMPHASIS OR COMPLETION
RESULT OR SIDE EFFECT
RESULT OR SIDE EFFECT
 SINCE THE LAST TIME
OR SINCE THE BEGINNING
 SINCE THE LAST TIME
OR SINCE THE BEGINNING
MIXED
MIXED
• One word: almost always, frequently, generally,
hardly ever, infrequently, never, normally,
occasionally, often, rarely, regularly, seldom,
sometimes, usually… (+ hardly ever = casi nunca),

• Every day/week/month, Every other day/week, Once

a week/month/year, Twice a year/day, etc., (Every)
once in a while, Every so often, once a fortnight

• A couple of, not much, not that much, a great deal of,
a good deal of,
 LIKE AND ITS SYNONYMS
• TO BE KEEN ON + GER/ SUS
• PREFER [INF] THAN [INF]
• PREFER [GER] TO [GER]
• PREFER [SUS] TO [SUS]
• ENJOY + GER/SUS
• ADORE + GER/SUS
 PHOTO
DECK CHAIR – TUMBONA

IN THE BACKGROUND
IN THE FOREGROUND
 EXTRACTS B1
• FILLERS
• WHEN IF
IF WHEN UNLESS !!!
DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING CLAUSES
I have three brothers.

My brother who lives in Sidney came to see me last month.

My brother that lives in Sydney came to see me last month.
(which person or thing the speaker is talking about, give essential
information)
WHO, WHICH, WHOSE, WHERE, WHEN, WHY
(WHO=THAT, WHICH=THAT)

My brother, who lives in Sidney, came to see me last month.

(additional information)
WHO, WHICH, WHOSE, WHERE, WHEN, WHY
 SO + SUCH
• SUCH + SUS
SUCH A NICE BOY

• SO + ADJ
• SO + ADJ + THAT
SO NICE !
IT WAS SO NICE THAT I CAN’T FORGET IT!

• SO MANY + COUNTABLE NOUN

• SO MUCH + UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
• THERE ARE SO MANY CHAIRS IN THIS CLASSROOM!
• I HAVE DRUNK SO MUCH MILK YESTERDAY.
 SO MUCH BETTER AT IT
• SO + GOOD
• SO + BETTER
• SO MUCH BETTER
• TO BE GOOD AT STH
• SO MUCH BETTER AT IT
DO AND MAKE
DO AND MAKE
 SPEAKING
SUCH AS LIKE
I love doing housework like laying the table, making the bed and
sweeping the floor!
WHO SHOULD DO THE HOUSEWORK?
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THE TEXT?
Which of the adjectives above DESCRIBES/ DESCRIBED your PARENT'S ATTITUDE TO
YOU as a teenager? (at least 2 complex sentences, please!)

Which of the adjectives above DESCRIBES/ DESCRIBED your ATTITUDE TO YOUR

PARENTS as a teenager? (at least 2 complex sentences, please!)
NON-GRADABLE GRADABLE
[REALLY, ABSOLUTELY] A BIT, QUITE, VERY, REALLY, EXTREMELY
QUITE (means totalmente) FAIRLY, RATHER, PRETTY

ENORMOUS. HUGE BIG

TINY SMALL
BOILING HOT
FREEZING COLD
TERRIBLE, AWFUL BAD
FILTHY DIRTY
FASCINATING INTERESTING
FANTASTIC GOOD
GREAT GOOD
WONDERFUL GOOD
DELICIOUS GOOD

http://random-idea-english.blogspot.com.es/2012/11/gradable-or-ungradable.html
 GRADABLE OR NON-GRADABLE?
Testing for gradability
There are two tests to see whether an adjective is gradable or not:
Can we use very as an intensifier before it?
VERY NICE, VERY GOOD, VERY AWESOME
Can we make a comparative from it: x-er or more x?
NICE-NICER, GOOD-BETTER, AWESOME-AWESOMER

Colours - most colours are gradable, but black and white are usually seen as absolute.

Adjectives with suffixes - it seems to me that most adjectives formed with the suffixes:
-able, -ic, -ish, -like are gradable. RELIABLE – VERY RELIABLE (FIABLE)

Adjectives with suffixes - on the other hand most adjectives formed with the suffix:
-less are ungradable. HOMELESS

Adjectives with suffixes - some adjectives formed with the suffix: -ful are gradable,
some are not.
NON-GRADABLE GRADABLE
[REALLY, ABSOLUTELY] A BIT, QUITE, VERY, REALLY, EXTREMELY
QUITE (means totalmente) FAIRLY, RATHER, PRETTY

ENORMOUS. HUGE BIG

TINY SMALL
BOILING HOT
FREEZING COLD
TERRIBLE, AWFUL BAD
FILTHY DIRTY
FASCINATING INTERESTING
FANTASTIC GOOD
GREAT GOOD
WONDERFUL GOOD
DELICIOUS GOOD

http://random-idea-english.blogspot.com.es/2012/11/gradable-or-ungradable.html
VERY
EXTREMELY
REALLY
FAIRLY (BASTANTE)
RATHER (BASTANTE)
QUITE (POCO, BASTANTE) but :
*quite sure, quite true, quite different =
(TOTALMENTE)
 FAIRLY, QUITE, RATHER, PRETTY

This composition is fairly

• 1. I felt extremely/really/very angry GR when I saw them together.
NON-GRADABLE GRADABLE
• 2. Bill is very/extremely/really busy GR tonight. He has to work.
• REALLY, • A BIT,
• 3. We were absolutely/totally amazed NGR by what we have seen.
• ABSOLUTELY • QUITE,
• 4. The dress was totally/absolutely wonderful NGR. • QUITE (means • VERY,
• 5. My father was really/extremely/very rich GR at my age.totalmente) • REALLY,
• EXTREMELY
• 6. It was absolutely/totally impossible NGR to make this exercise. • RATHER ,
• 7. Patric is a weight lifter. He is a really/very/extremely • FAIRLY ,
• QUITE (means
strong GR person. bastante)
• 8. It is extremely/really/very important GR to keep the secret
• 9. The dinner is absolutely/totally horrible NGR.
• 10. Susan seems to be extremely/really/very happy GR.
• 11. The child was extremely/really/very quiet. GR
• 12. My brother was absolutely/totally invaluable (INESTIMABLE) NGR this
week.
• 13. The building was absolutely/totally huge (NGR).
• 14. My job is absolutely/totally awful (NGR).
• 15. He seemed to me extremely/really/very young (GR).
• 16. This book was extremely/really/very good (GR).
• 17. The train was extremely/really/very comfortable (GR).
• 18. I was looking at absolutely/totally dreadful (terrible, espantoso) NGR
paintings.
• 19. Their parents were absolutely/totally furious (NGR)