Adopted Building Materials

CHINMAY RAJESHIRKE | 29
ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

FOR
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT OF SPIRITUALITY IN TEENAGERS
AND CREATION OF A BUILT ENVIRONMENT
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT OF SPIRITUALITY IN TEENAGERS

AND CREATION OF A BUILT ENVIRONMENT
CONTENTS
ADAPTED BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES

MATERIALS
ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2

ADAPTED BUILDING MATERIALS

KINETIC FACADES

KINETIC FACADE
IDENTIFYING THE PARAMETRIC UNDERSTANDING BEHIND

KINETIC FACADES
Visual and thermal comfort for occupants significantly depend on exterior environmental climatic
conditions, which are continuously changing. In particular, optimizing visual and thermal comfort
simultaneously is a difficult topic due to mutual conflicts between them. This literature review article
studies the façade, as a complex interface between inside of buildings and the outside that has a
capability to function as a protective or regulatory element against severe fluctuations of external
climate. Six interrelated subjects are studied including kinetic façade, biomimicry, building form as
a microclimate modifier, energy efficiency, comfort condition, parametric design thinking.

KINETIC FACADE
For most of the history of architecture, interesting

facades were achieved through materiality or
ornamentation. From the elaborately painted friezes
of the Parthenon to the glass exteriors of modern
skyscrapers, architecture was primarily static, only
‘changing’ as the environment would change and affect
the material of the façade in differing ways, be it rain,
light, rust, etc.
As technology has progressed and facades have

transformed – literally – the role of environment hasn’t
diminished. Rather, cutting-edge technology has
allowed designers to develop architecture that
responds to environmental stimuli in more interesting
ways than ever. Often, these designs take the form of
kinetic facades: architectural facades that change
dynamically, transforming buildings from static
monoliths to ever-moving surfaces.

KINETIC FACADE
Kinetic facades can and have taken a multitude of forms throughout the years. Often, Other architects have similarly used kinetic facades to mediate temperature. Ernst
they mediate between aesthetics and utility, pushing stunning visuals alongside Giselbrecht + Partner’s Kiefer Technic Showroom is another iconic example of this
environmental protection. One of the most cited examples of this mediation is Aedas approach, featuring 112 large metal tiles that morph throughout the day to create
Architects’ Al Bahar Towers in Abu Dhabi. The façade’s umbrella-like panels open and optimal shading conditions. Users can control these conditions from within the building,
close in response to the sun’s movement, protecting building users from heat and glare, adapting the façade to match their preferences exactly.
decreasing the need for air-conditioning, and making the building more sustainable. The Enric Ruiz Geli’s Media-ICT similarly features screen-like inflatable ETFE cushions that
panels themselves are not only aesthetically-pleasing and star-like in design, but are open in the winter to gather solar energy and close during summer to provide shade.
inspired by traditional Islamic shading systems, respecting cultural heritage as well. Though less immediately kinetic, the façade transforms at different points in the year to
respond effectively to environmental stimuli.

KINETIC FACADE
Yet light and temperature aren’t the only environmental factors that kinetic facades
can respond to. Both the Oxford Street Debenhams Store and the Brisbane Domestic
Terminal Carpark boasted aluminum shingles that rippled in response to wind
currents, providing shade and rain protection in addition to the aesthetic effect.
Sometimes, kinetic façade designs lean even more into the aesthetics, prioritizing
beauty over the regulation of light, temperature, or rain. For example, UNStudio’s
Galleria Centercity favors computer generated animations and illumination
technology over the mechanical facades of other kinetic projects. While the façade
itself never changes, gentle waves of colored light illuminating the surface makes the
entire building appear to be moving.
While kinetic facades are an obviously recent phenomenon, the forms they take
already differ greatly. Ranging from triangular modules to giant sun-shades to
aluminum shingles to projected animations, each design serves a unique purpose and
thus takes a unique shape. As architects are increasingly realizing, kinetic facades can
be a powerful tool to approach the age-old issues of architecture – beauty,
sustainability, comfort – in a bold, new, and technologically-driven way.

GREEN FACADES / LIVING WALLS

GREEN GUIDES

LIVING WALLS
Green façades is a wall system, where climbing plants or cascading

groundcovers are trained to cover specially designed supporting
structures. The climbing plants are divided into self-supporting plants
like root climbers or adhesive-suckers, and plants that need supporting
structure, like twining vines, leaf-stem climbers, leaf climbers, or
scrambling plants.
The GreenSolutions range consists of three categories that meet the
differences of greening projects according to their size, complexity and
demands
o Modular greening systems

o Complete set GreenKit
o Customized solutions

LIVING WALLS
Comprehensive products and services for large scale greening projects such A light construction with an appealing design suitable for all types of
as green walls or green skyscrapers. Jakob will plan and design the support climbers. The modular system can be adapted to the scale of your project. It
structure, supply the stainless steel cables and meshes and ensure offers very high-quality parts and much flexibility in design at very low costs.
professional installation and maintenance. GreenGuide can be installed as a single cable or turned into a trellis of any
size with the help of horizontal bars. GreenGuide is available as complete
sets including the necessary spacers and assembly parts. The length of the
cable assemblies can be chosen freely.

LIVING WALLS
GREEN TRELLIS
A modular trellis system adapted for partial and large-size greenings,
especially on concrete walls. A horizontal bar combines vertical cables and
offers higher stability and easier installation. Grids can be created according
to project needs and plant requirements. A security mechanism protects the
cables and the carrying structure from overload from too much plant weight,
wind, snow or other loads.

LIVING WALLS
WEBNET WEBNET FRAMES

Webnet Frames combine the advantages of Webnet for greening with easy
The stainless steel wire mesh Webnet is perfect for medium to large greening
installation. Webnet Frames are stainless steel profiles with a pre-
trellises. With the corresponding spacers and connecting parts, the net forms
installed Webnet. Standard sized Frames are cost-efficient and easy to use,
a modular system that can be easily and efficiently scaled to the size of your
while made to measure Frames fit perfectly to your needs. The Webnet cable
project. Cable diameter and mesh aperture are specially adapted to climbing
diameter and mesh aperture is perfectly adapted to the needs of climbing
plants and their typical loads on facades.
plants.
Webnet is a design solution for dense greening. A dense covering with plants
By combining Webnet Frames with a plant pot, greening on walls or facades
can absorb noise and pollution, combat the urban heat island effect by
up to three meters are possible. Webnet Frames are perfect for creating
providing shadow and evaporative cooling while creating a habitat for
smaller greening on individual spots and offer a wide range of design
insects.
options.

LIVING WALLS
CONCLUSION
A Green wall is a smart solution to face climate change in urban areas. Greenery is one of the
most important ways to regulate extreme temperatures and cope with heavy rainfalls. Another
advantage is that a living wall has a positive impact on people's health and happiness. A living
wall provides considerable benefits on the environment and is a great solution to work towards
a sustainable, viable and climate-resilient city.

TERRACOTA
Manufactured with natural and aged raw clay without other chemicals, fired at high
temperatures, terracotta cladding is an architectural cladding material that provides certain
degree of thermal insulation and weather resistance while creating an aesthetically pleasing
facade.

TERRACOTA- AS A MATERIAL
TYPES OF TERRACOTTA CLADDING
According to the installation approach and product form, terracotta cladding can be categorized
into 3 types.
1. Terracotta Rainscreen Cladding

Terracotta Rainscreen Cladding system is based on the principle of rain screen.
Comprised of terracotta panels, supporting track systems, ventilated cavity and
vapor barriers, it's a back-ventilated curtain wall system.
One of the highlight is the ship-lapped open joints, which makes it possible for the
air to circulate between the cladding and insulation, thus, minimizing pressure
differential inside and outside the wall cavities. Such system can shield most of the
rain and snow from entering building envelopes. Meanwhile, a small amount of
infiltrated water will be drained away through the system so as to protect the wall
constructions of the building.

into 3 types.
2. Terracotta Precast Solution

In this solution, the terracotta siding is embedded into large precast concrete
panels. When it comes to the installation, solid terracotta panels with a thickness of
10-30 mm is often adopted. This type of solid tiles normally features a dovetail
profile on the backside. Precast concrete panels are ideal for those projects that
require terracotta facing design and also need the strength and durability of precast
concrete constructions.

into 3 types.
3. Terracotta Sunshade
Terracotta sunshade, also known as terracotta sunscreen, is a special terracotta wall
cladding product. It can be used together with the terracotta rainscreen cladding to
achieve a uniform and harmonious facade or as a separate design element to create
a modern and distinctive building appearance. It is a unique terracotta cladding
textures while providing shading for the building. There are variety cross-sections of
terracotta screens that LOPO normally divided into terracotta louvers and terracotta
baguettes.

EXCELLENT PERFORMANCE OF TERRACOTTA CLADDING
1. Durability and Long-lasting

The terracotta cladding is a mixture of natural clay and water, which is extruded in vacuum and fired at
a high temperature to a hardness and compactness that ordinary ceramic tiles cannot achieve. When
the terracotta cladding is properly designed and installed, its life span is much longer than that of
aluminum panels and fiber cement facades, and the color can last for a long time without fading.
2. Energy Savings and Thermal Benefits

Terracotta ventilated cladding system provides better thermal performance than conventional
masonry cavity wall systems. Due to the constant circulation of air between the terracotta cladding
and the insulation, the condensate is continuously evaporated, reducing thermal transfer to the
interior of the building, thereby reducing energy consumption.
With a sandwich wall design, the precast terracotta cladding also enhances the thermal performance
of the building.
The use of terracotta louvers and baguettes can effectively reduce the direct exposure of the sun. To
some extent, this can reduce energy consumption and provide the comfort for the interior space.
3. Low Maintenance Cost

The surface of terracotta cladding is not likely to be dusty. It can be easily power washed every 2-3
years (or over even a longer period) and afterwards, it looks as if it were the original. The terracotta
rainscreen cladding system does not use grout or sealants, therefore, reducing the need to maintain
the joints.
4. Safety, Eco-friendliness and Sustainability

The terracotta cladding is fired at a high temperature and being rated Class A fireproof – it does not
burn, and proves to be a very safe cladding material. The terracotta cladding is made 100% of clay,
which is environmentally friendly and harmless to humans and the environment. The terracotta
cladding can also be recycled and reused as a new exterior wall material or as a building material.

DESIGN ELEMENTS FOR TERRACOTTA CLADDING
1. Colours
The surface of the terracotta cladding is mainly divided into two types: natural-fired and glazed.
"When the clay material are put into the kiln, there is only one color; when they are taken out from the kiln, there are tens of thousands of colors." By blending different types of clay
materials and precisely controlling the firing temperature in the kiln, it is possible to produce terracotta cladding with a rich variety of colors. Typically, the natural-fired colors include
white, yellow, red, brown, and gray. For some special colors or tones, pigments and glazes can be added so as to produce the desired colors. Clay raw materials, pigments and oxides
are reacted at high temperatures (typically between 1100 and 1300 degree centigrade) so that the color is durable and non-fading.
In order to satisfy different requirements of the facade design, glazed terracotta came into being. After the terracotta loaf is dried and before it goes through the firing process, the
glaze is applied to the natural surface terracotta panels whose color is similar to that of the glazed surface. LOPO can achieve bright glaze, matte glaze, frosted glaze and 3D injected
surface with different brightness and delicate glaze. Among them, digital inkjet printing panels can vividly present the texture and color of stone, timber and other personalized patterns
and colors.
2. Textures and Finishes
The natural surface is the most classic surface of the terracotta cladding, which can fully bring out the texture of the architectural terracotta. In addition, according to the design
requirements of the building facade, the terracotta cladding can be processed with a wide variety of surface texture treatment. The surface texture of the LOPO terracotta cladding
includes natural surface, sandblasted surface, wirestruck surface, corrugated surface, grooved surface, linear surface, wood grain surface and etc. Different textures and finishes and
different colors in the terracotta cladding products can come up with endless possibilities, so that the design of the building facade is free from any restriction.
2. SHAPES
As the production process of modern terracotta products improves continuously, the terracotta cladding is no longer confined to flat shape. Based on the requirement of the project, it
can provide a wide range of shapes and profiles. According to different facade structures, we can offer differently cross-sections and flexible geometric terracotta cladding products.

CONCLUSION
For centuries, kiln-fired terracotta has been one of the most beautiful and long-lasting building
materials that construction has known and has only recently emerged as a warm and timeless
medium for modern rainscreen design. Terracotta comes in two standard thicknesses, 24mm
and 30mm. A variety of panel lengths and heights can be utilized to create a modern, natural
aesthetic.

BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC (BIVP)

PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CLADDING - BIPV CLADDING
BIPV cladding generates clean, sustainable power. Using patented photovoltaic technology, the
exterior of a building or structure can be transformed into a vertical micro-power plant with
this clean energy contributing to a net-zero carbon future.
Architects and designers have complete control over the look and feel of the building. The Features & Benefits
•Clean energy production
limitless pattern and color options can be customized to seamlessly design needs without
•Strong and durable
compromising the design vision and aesthetics.
•Customizable colors and patterns
The company's business model makes it possible for everybody to embrace BIPV technology
•Customizable design
and allows them to price their products competitively as an alternative to
•Thin and light
traditional cladding materials. Building owners also have the opportunity to earn revenue from
•Reliable warranty
the energy generated by the solar products.
•Contributes to LEED Points
BIPV technology is suitable for new builds of any kind. This technology is also applicable to
•Fire resistant
deep retrofits and recladding projects. The limitless applications of BIPV products include
•Free maintenance
sports centers and shopping malls, health and institutional buildings, logistic and transportation
•Bird-friendly
facilities, agricultural and industrial buildings, and even data centers.
BIPV cladding systems are quick and easy to install. They provide full installation services
through certified partners, which include insulation, panel mounting, electrical connections,
caulking, and finishing of the entire facade.

Seamless Solar Technology

New solar technology must balance three conditions: it must look good, be
cost-effective, and installed swiftly. Professionals have developed Building
Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) technology that meets all three challenging
requirements. BIPV’s solar solutions transform walls and balcony railings into
solar panels, extending a building’s energy-generating potential from the
rooftops down to the vertical walls. Both the cladding and railings look good
while generating clean, green power and in this way, allows architects, facade
designers, building owners, and investors the opportunity to design-in and
profit from solar technology without compromising their design vision.


DESIGN IDEA IN RELATION WITH KINETIC FAÇADE TECHNOLOGY

The façade utilizes a panelized system which can be manipulated for the
client’s aesthetic preferences and supports a number of technologies.
These include a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPVs) system, green wall
system, solar thermal panels or a second glazing curtain.

CHINMAY RAJESHIRKE
5TH YEAR C | 29
BHARATI VIDYAPEETH COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Adopted Building Materials

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CHINMAY RAJESHIRKE | 29

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT OF SPIRITUALITY IN TEENAGERS

ADAPTED BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2

ADAPTED BUILDING MATERIALS

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 3

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 4

IDENTIFYING THE PARAMETRIC UNDERSTANDING BEHIND

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 5

For most of the history of architecture, interesting

As technology has progressed and facades have

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 6

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 7

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 8

GREEN FACADES / LIVING WALLS

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 9

Green façades is a wall system, where climbing plants or cascading

o Modular greening systems

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 10

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 11

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 12

WEBNET WEBNET FRAMES

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 13

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 14

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 15

1. Terracotta Rainscreen Cladding

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 16

2. Terracotta Precast Solution

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 17

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 18

1. Durability and Long-lasting

2. Energy Savings and Thermal Benefits

3. Low Maintenance Cost

4. Safety, Eco-friendliness and Sustainability

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 19

2. Textures and Finishes

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 22

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 23

BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC (BIVP)

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 24

PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CLADDING - BIPV CLADDING

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 25

PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CLADDING - BIPV CLADDING

Seamless Solar Technology

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 26

PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CLADDING - BIPV CLADDING

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 27

PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CLADDING - BIPV CLADDING

DESIGN IDEA IN RELATION WITH KINETIC FAÇADE TECHNOLOGY

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 28

PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CLADDING - BIPV CLADDING

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 29

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 30

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