Alamil, Paolo D.

CE100 – BO6

Activity 1

1. Roman Colosseum

https://pin.it/2j2rYZK https://pin.it/2uLBDTu

The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is a massive amphitheatre constructed
in Rome during the reign of the Flavian emperors. During the reign of Vespasian, the
construction of the Colosseum began somewhere between 70 and 72 CE. It is located in the
grounds of Nero's Golden House, directly east of the Palatine Hill. Titus dedicated the building
in 80 CE at a ceremony that involved 100 days of games. Domitian completed the construction
by building the topmost floor in 82 CE. Unlike earlier amphitheatres, which were almost all
excavated into handy hillsides for added support, the Colosseum is a freestanding stone and
concrete building with a complex system of barrel and groin vaults with a total size of 620 by
513 feet (189 by 156 meters).

Materials used:

1. Travertine - The limestone which was used in the main pillars and walls were strong and
brought from Tibur. It was generally white or yellow.

2. Tuff - is softer than travertine and it brings elasticity.

3. Concrete – it was invented by the Romans. It was cheap, quick to make, and easy to use.

4. Bricks – Bricks were mixed with water, sand and tiles.

5. Iron/Bronze Clamps – These are used to bind stones together.

6. Marble – this is used both in decoration and the entrances of the cavea in Colosseum. Some of
the columns are also made of marble.

7. Mortar – Mortar is mixture of cement/sand and water.

8. Stone - Stone was used on the outside walls of Colosseum and the sections of the building that
took the most weight.

2. Great Wall of China

https://pin.it/113hKGU https://pin.it/7DbGhWl

The Great Wall developed from the distinct border fortifications and castles of individual
Chinese kingdoms. For several centuries these kingdoms probably were as concerned with
protection from their near neighbours as they were with the threat of barbarian invasions or raids.
The state of Chu began to build a permanent defense system in the 7th century BCE. This
fortress, known as the "Square Wall," was located in the northern section of the kingdom's
capital province. Other states followed Chu's lead from the sixth to the fourth centuries. A large
perimeter wall was progressively constructed in the southern portion of the Qi state utilizing
existing river dikes, newly constructed bulwarks and areas of impassable mountain terrains.

Materials used:

The materials used to construct the Great Wall are stone, soil and brick. Wood was also used for
building forts and as an auxiliary material. The workers mined stone in mountainous locations to
construct the Great Wall. The exterior layer of the Great Wall was built with stone blocks and
filled with uncut stone and anything else was available, using the mountains as footings.
3. Newgrange

https://pin.it/3GC6uFQ https://pin.it/7HbijsP

The Tumulus of St. Michel, located east of Carnac, is a megalithic burial mound. The 125-meter-
long, 60-meter-wide, and 10-meter-high burial mound is the biggest in continental Europe. The
monument's age, as well as the chronology of the core burial chambers and surrounding dolmen's
construction, have been the topic of much discussion. Radiocarbon testing was used on ancient
samples, but the findings were too inconsistent to be significant. According to recent discoveries,
this enormous tumulus was built in multiple phases over a relatively short period of time,
towards the middle of the 5th millennium B.C. Today, a chapel has been constructed on top of it.