ELISHIA YEUNG'S

7 Wonders of the World

#1 PYRAMIDS OF GIZA

WHO?
Pharaoh Khufu, Kharfre, and Menkaure
ordered construction
The architect of the pyramid was
Khufu’s vizier Hemiunu (Hemon).
Pyramid built by 20,000-30,000
Egyptian skilled labor workers.

WHAT?
Built for Pharaoh Khufu (middle), Pharaoh
Kharfre (right), and Pharaoh Menkaure (left) as
royal tombs.
It is 147 meters tall and 230 meters long.
Inside the pyramid, there are the pharaoh’s
chamber, rooms, temples, solar boat pits, fake
burial chambers, and a palace

WHEN? WHY?
The construction period was The pyramid was built for
from 2550-2490 BCE religious purposes.

Each took 23 years to build. Pharaohs build pyramids

filled with items for their
survival in afterlife.

WHERE?
The Pyramids of Giza is at the outskirts of Giza on the West bank
of the Nile River, Northern Egypt.

HOW? REASON OF CHOOSING:

The construction of the Great
Pyramids is a mystery for
thousands of years.
Theory proposed that workers
cut large blocks and used ramps
to move them up one at the time.
Consists of 2.3 million blocks, 5.5
million tons of limestone, 8000
tons of granite, and 500
thousand tons of mortar.
The only monument that
remained both on the Ancient
7 Wonders of the World and
the New 7 Wonders of the
World.
Also the most famous
landmark of Egypt that
contained the tombs of the
pharaohs and treasures.
 #2 TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS

WHO?
The construction is sponsored by the
Lydian King Croesus.

The architects of the reconstruction

were Cherisphron and Metagenes
from Crete, and Theodoros.

WHAT?
One of the largest temples built by the Greeks

It is 115 meters long, 46 meters wide with

columns that are 18 meters tall.

It contains 127 Ionic Styled columns that are

18 meters tall + statue of Artemis made of
cedar wood.

WHEN? WHY?
Rebuilt in the 550 BCE after It was designed to honor and
destroyed by a flood in 700 worship Artemis
BC
The most significant Wonder
Took 120 years to out of the Ancient list
reconstruct

Destroyed again in 356 BCE

Rebuilt again in 323 BCE but

was destroyed in 262 BCE
respectively.

WHERE?
The temple is reconstructed near Ephesus, Western Turkey. It is
75km South away from the modern city of İzmir, Turkey. The modern
location of the Temple of Artemis is at Selçuk, Turkey.

HOW? REASON OF CHOOSING:

It is a mystery in the
construction of the Temple of
Artemis.
The architect Theodoros of
Samos inserted a substrate
mixed with sand, animal skins,
and coal to fix the foundation
Described as the most brilliant
architecture in Antipater of
Sidon’s list of 7 World
Wonders.
The architecture was also
rebuilt 3 times, shows it
significance in the lives of the
Ephesians.
 #3 GREAT WALL OF CHINA

WHO?
Qin Shi Huang, the emperor of the Qin
Dynasty unified the Great Wall

The chief architect is Meng Tian who

used 300,000 soldiers, convicts, and
commoners as workers.

WHAT?
The largest man-made object & the largest
wall that stretches over 21,196.18km
Rebuilt, expanded, and repaired for numerous
times.
The Han’s Great Wall of China is the longest
Great Wall out of all.
Best sections of the Wall was built from the
Ming Dynasty.

WHEN?
Several walls built from 700 BCE
1st unified in 221 BCE
206 BCE – 220 AD: the Wall is
extended west to Yumen Pass.
1368-1644: the Chinese hero Qi
Jiguang rebuilt the Great Wall of
China.
20th Century- Mao Zedong &
Deng Xiaoping restored the Great
Wall of China
WHY?
Protect & defend China’s
territory from invasion
Rebuilt in the Han Dynasty to
protect Northern China, +
protecting the Silk Road
Trade.
Currently rebuilt to attract
tourists.

WHERE?
The Great Wall starts from Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu Province (Western
China) and ends at Hushan Mountain in Liaoning Province (East China).
It stretches across 15 provinces and regions.

HOW? REASON OF CHOOSING:

Composed of rammed Earth,
wood & bricks containing
limestone, granite, marble, and
shale.
In mountain areas, the outer
layer of the Wall was built with
stone blocks and bricks
largest man—made structure
and the longest wall in the
world.
Played a significant role in
Ancient Chinese history, for
example, the Huns invasion.
Also the same wall that united
China

Sand is used to fill in the gaps.

The workers used bamboo

baskets and human chains
 #4 ROME COLOSSEUM

WHO?
Emperor Vespasian began the construction
and his son Titus supervised the project
after Vespasian's death
There was no information about the
architect
~60,000-100,000 slaves built the
Colosseum.

WHAT?
Largest ancient amphitheatre & the World's
largest standing amphitheatre
It is 189 by 156 meters with the height of 48
meters.
The base area of the Colosseum is 24,000
meters and can hold up to 50,000 spectators.
Entertainment venue for gladiator fights,
animal fights & naval battles

WHEN?
Construction started in 72 AD &
finished in 80 AD
The Colosseum suffered damage
from natural disasters, weather,
neglect, and vandalism in 600 AD
1349: The Great Earthquake
severely damaged the
Colosseum.
20th century: 2/3s of the
Colosseum was destroyed.
1990s: reparations begun as the
artifact attracted tourists.
WHY?
Gift to the Roman people by the
Flavian Emperors.
Used as permanent
entertainment arena for the
Roman citizens, including
gladiator battles, sea battles,
and animal fights.
Stimulate Roman patriotism,
reinvigorate Rome after the
Year of 4 Emperors, gain
support from the Roman
citizens, & exhibit newest
engineering and construction
techniques.

WHERE?
The Colosseum is located in the centre of Rome, Italy.

HOW? REASON OF CHOOSING:

Walls were made from stone &
have numerous arches to sustain Largest ancient amphitheatre
the building. and is still the world’s largest
Four levels- each represents a standing amphitheatre.
social status. Signature landmark of Italy,
Highly regulated and can be The engineering technology
accessed by stairs. (Hypogeum) was beyond its
The floors were wooden & is civilization time.
covered with sand
Underneath the Colosseum, the
Hypogeum allowed animals,
gladiators, and actors to suddenly
appear in the arena.
Added trap doors to create
special effects.
 #5 CN TOWER

WHO?
Initially built & privately owned by the
Canadian National Railway Company
Ownership transferred to Canada Lands
Company Limited & is federally owned.
Architects are John Andrews, Roger Du
Toit, & the Webb Zerafa Menkès
Housden Partnership.

WHAT?
World’s tallest freestanding tower + Seven
Wonders of the Modern World
Was the tallest freestanding structure in the
world
It is 553 metres tall and has 147 floors.
It is used as a telecommunications tower for
numerous media companies.

WHEN?
The construction began in 1973
Opened on June 26th, 1976.
Construction took 40 months
. issues
On March 31st, 1975, the CN
tower became the World’s Tallest
Free-standing structure.
WHY?
Wanted to build the tallest
tower in the world to
showcase the power of the
Canadian industry.
Also constructed to CN Tower
to resolve communication
Glass observation level and
the EdgeWalk was built to
attract more tourists.

In 2018, the CN Tower was

renovated which added a glass
observation level.

WHERE?
The CN Tower is in Downtown Toronto, Canada, next to Ripley’s
Aquarium.

HOW? REASON OF CHOOSING:

Removed 62,000 tonnes of 7 Wonders of the Modern
Earth before building the World
foundation Tallest free-standing tower in
Foundation is composed of thick the world.
concrete and steel. Belongs the World Federation
Built by pouring concrete into a of Great Towers.
slipform mold. The mold is held
up by a ring of climbing jacks
that is powered by hydraulic
pressure.
The form of the tower tightened,
shrunk, and raised as the
concrete poured became
hardened.
 #6 MOSCOW KREMLIN

WHO?
1st founded by the Rurikids.

Prince Ivan III later ordered the

reconstruction

Invited several famous architects,

including Petrus Antonius Solarius and
Marcus Ruffus.

WHAT?
Executive branch of the Russian government
Symbol of Russian power & authority.
Contains 5 palaces, 4 cathedrals, the Kremlin
Wall & the Kremlin towers.
The President lives in the Grand Palace of
Kremlin
The base area is 275,000 square metres with
the height of 5-19 meters and the length of
2235 meters.

WHEN?
Built in 1156
Rebuilt between 1475-1510
The Great Fire of Moscow in
1812 damaged and partially
destroyed the Kremlin
Restoration began in 1816-1819
20th century: the Kremlin roofs
were repainted to gold color.
WHY?
Built to protect itself from
invaders.
The significance of the
Kremlin is its’ symbol of power
and authority of the Russian
government.
13th century: the Kremlin
became the residence of
supreme power & the heart of
temporal and spiritual life of
Russia

WHERE?
The Kremlin is located near the Red Square and the Saint Basil’s
Cathedral in Moscow, Russia.

HOW? REASON OF CHOOSING:

Originally made of wood
Burnt down during the attack of
Tatar-Mongol forces.
In the 14th century, the Kremlin
was rebuilt with white stone.
Crucial role in the ancient &
modern government.
The Tsars & presidents of
Russia/USSR both lived &
operated the government in
the Moscow Kremlin

Completely reconstructed in the Symbol of power & authority

15th century using red bricks. of the Russian government
even after all these years.
 #7 ACROPOLIS OF ATHENS

WHO?
Pericles, a Greek statesmen & general,
initiated the reconstruction

Callicrates and Ictinus- architects, and

Phidas- sculptor helped Pericles to
organize & execute the construction

WHAT?
Most prominent archaeological sites in the
world that contains various historically and
architecturally important buildings, including
the Parthenon.
It is approximately 170 meters by 350
meters with the height of 156 meters.
Acted as a fortress, military base + worship
place for Athena

WHEN? WHY?
Built as a strategic military
Pericles began constructing the
defense base- overlook the
Acropolis of Athens in 447 BCE,
city of Athens.
& the construction took
Also became a worship place
approximately 50 years.
for Athena
As time went by, the Acropolis
In 146 BCE, the Romans added
became a citadel, home to the
further decoration to the
Athenian kings and Greek
Acropolis of Athens.
Gods, and a tourist attraction.
In 1687, the Venetians
bombarded and destroyed the
Acropolis.

WHERE?
The Acropolis of Athens is located on a rocky hill above the sea level of
Athens, Greece.

HOW? REASON OF CHOOSING:

The Acropolis’s foundation is
made of limestone from the
Jurassic Period and the columns
are made of Pentelic marble.
The Acropolis was destroyed by
the Venetians bombardment.
It withstood many natural
disasters, invasions, and
destructions
The Acropolis of Athens,
especially the Parthenon, is a
significant symbolism of the
Ancient Greece History.

An Ottoman’s ammunition
supplies inside the Acropolis
were ignited by the Venetians