Republic of the Philippines Quarter 1: Week 12

Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences SELF LEARNING KIT #12

University of Northern Philippines
Lesson 3: Deductive Reasoning
Learning Competencies
The learner will be able to:

● Use different types of reasoning to justify statements and

arguments made about mathematics and mathematical
concepts
● Write clear and logical proofs
● Solve problems involving problems and recreational
problems following Polya’s Four Steps
● Organize one’s methods and approaches to proving and
solving problems

DEDUCTIVE REASONING:

🙣 Another type of reasoning is called deductive reasoning.

🙣 Deductive reasoning is distinguished from inductive reasoning in that it

is the process of reaching a conclusion by applying general principles
and procedures.

🙣 Mathematics is essentially deductive reasoning

WORKSHEET 12
PROBLEM SOLVING
🙣 Deductive reasoning is always valid

🙣 Deductive reasoning makes use of undefined terms, formally defined

terms, axioms, theorems, and rules of inference.
Name of Teacher: HELEN R. SIEMBRE, MAME
School: University of Northern Philippines-Laboratory Schools Examples of Deductive Reasoning
Example 1:
🙣 Logic Puzzles can be solved by deductive reasoning and a chart
If a number is divisible by 2, then it must be even. that enables us to display the given information in a visual
12 is divisible by 2. manner.

Therefore, 12 is an even number. Example 1:

Example 2: Each of four neighbors, Sean, Maria, Sarah, and Brian, has a different
occupation (editor, banker, chef, or dentist).
All math teachers know how to play sudoku.
From the following clues, determine the occupation of each neighbor.
Resty is a math teacher. 1. Maria gets home from work after the banker but before the dentist.
Therefore, Resty knows how to play sudoku. 2. Sarah, who is the last to get home from work, is not the editor.
3. The dentist and Sarah leave for work at the same time.
Example 3: 4. The banker lives next door to Brian.
If a student is diligent in class, he gets a high grade. SOLUTION
If a student gets a high grade, he gets a reward. CLUES:
Therefore, if a student is diligent in class, then he gets a reward. 1. Maria gets home from work after the banker but before the dentist.
2. Sarah, who is the last to get home from work, is not the editor.
Example 4: 3. The dentist and Sarah leave for work at the same time.
4. The banker lives next door to Brian.
If ∠A and ∠B are supplementary angles.
If m∠A = 100º, then m∠B = 80º Editor Banker Chef Dentist
Take note: Sean x / x x
Maria / x x x
🙣 The essence of deductive reasoning is drawing a conclusion from a Sarah x x / x
given statement. Brian x x x /

🙣 The deductive reasoning works best when the statements used in the
argument are true and the statements in the argument clearly follow ✔ From clue 1: Maria is not the banker or the dentist.
from one another.
Logic Puzzles ✔ From clue 2, Sarah is not the editor.
 SOLUTION
✔ We know from clue 1 that the banker is not the last to get home, and
we know from clue 2 that Sarah is the last to get home; therefore, Pres. V. P. Sec. Treas.
Sarah is not the banker. Brianna x x x /

✔ From clue 3, Sarah is not the dentist. Ryan x x / x

Tyler / x x x
✔ As a result, Sarah is the Chef. Ashley x / x x

✔ Maria is the Editor. President -- Tyler

Vice –President – Ashley
✔ From clue 4, Brian is not the banker. Secretary— Ryan
Treasurer -- Brianna

✔ Brian is the Dentist.

REFERENCES:
✔ Sean is the Banker. MMW FACULTY
Chapter 3 Module (2020). Problem Solving- Department of Mathematics and
EXAMPLE Natural Sciences. University of Northern Philippines Vigan City

🙣 Brianna, Ryan, Tyler, and Ashley were recently elected as the new
class officers (president, vice president, secretary, treasurer) of
the sophomore class at Summit College.

From the following clues, determine which position

each holds:
1. Ashley is younger than the president but older than the
treasurer.
2. Brianna and the secretary are both the same age, and
they are the youngest members of the group.
3. Tyler and the secretary are next-door neighbors.