5

Science
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
The Electric Circuit
Science – Grade 5
Quarter 3 – Module 4: The Electric Circuit
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Region XI

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Marjorie Gonzaga Miraflor

Editor: Rotchil Diana G. Magbanua
Reviewer: Louwell Ted J. Sevilla
Illustrator: Harold B. Legaspi, Marjorie G. Miraflor, Louwell Ted J. Sevilla
Layout Artist: Angelica P. Mendoza
Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz
Management Team:
Reynaldo M. Guillena, CESO V
Jinky B. Firman, PhD, CESE
Marilyn V. Deduyo
Alma C. Cifra, EdD
Aris B. Juanillo, PhD
Faye Genevieve P. Pasamonte

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Division of Davao City

Office Address: E. Quirino Avenue, Davao City

Telephone: (082) 227 4762
E-mail Address: lrms.davaocity@deped.gov.ph
 5

Science
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
The Electric Circuit
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material,
you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

ii
 Let Us Learn

A pleasant day to you little scientist! In this module, you will learn
the concepts on how a light bulb lights up. You shall learn how electric
circuit flows in a network of interconnecting electrical components and be
able to invent a simple model of an electrical circuit.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

• define what an electric circuit is
• identify the parts of an electric circuit
• differentiate open circuit from closed circuit
• infer the condition necessary to make a bulb light up (S5FE-IIIf-6)
• construct a model of a simple electric circuit

Let Us Try!

Choose the best answer and write this on a separate paper.

1. Which controls the flow of electric charges (or current) in a circuit?

A. conductor C. switch
B. insulator D. wire

2. Electric charges flow easily through some materials made of

metals. What do you call these materials?
A. conductors C. non-conductor
B. insulators D. switch

3. In which of the circuits will there be current?

A. Closed circuit
B. Open circuit
C. Short circuit
D. None of the above

4. Which of the following groups of materials are good conductors of

electricity?
A. dry paper, glass, plastic, rubber and zinc
B. aluminum, copper, iron, gold and nickel
C. leather cloth, paper, plastic, and wood
D. gold, leather cloth, paper and plastic

1
5. Why are insulators being used to cover conductors? Because they are
being used to __________.
A. prevent electric current from changing from its path
B. have a direct the flow of electric current in a circuit
C. have a rapid flow of electric current
D. prevent heating of wire

Let Us Study

Below is a simple story about how a light bulb was invented. Read the
it carefully and understand the specific details. Then answer the questions
that follow.

What makes a Light Bulb light up?

Imagine you’re back in the Middle Ages. It’s almost dark and wanted
to go home early to get cleaned after a whole day work and take some
relaxation and enjoy the evening a little bit before it gets dark.
Back before the invention of the modern lighting, you probably hear
what your grandparents told you about their ways of living. Some use
candles and lamps as their source of light at night and these could produce
a lot of heat to warm themselves when it’s cold.
It is no wonder that the inventors of the past made a simple solution
to light their ways in the dark. American inventor Thomas Edison and
Englishman Sir Joseph Swan came up with the same invention, the light
bulb.
These light bulbs consist of a few parts. The metal base, the metal
contacts and the filament. When a light bulb connects to an electrical power
supply, an electric charges flow from one metal contacts to another. There
is electric current due to the moving charges. As the charges flow through
the wires and the filament, the filament heats up to the point where it begins
to emit packets of visible light. (Wonders 2014)

Questions:

1. What are the main components of a light bulb?

2. Who invented the light bulb?
3. Where should the light bulb be connected in order for the electrical
current to flow from one metal to another?
4. Why do we need to use light bulbs?
5. How does light bulbs light up?

2
 Electricity consists of moving charges or electrons that
power most devices that you know. These electrons possess the
energy that electricity gives to any device in order to work. For
example, the wire of a device is plugged into a socket. This socket
is a conduit from a power source that supplies the device with
electricity. The electricity flows along the wire letting the device to
work.
There are two types of electricity – the Static Electricity and
the Current Electricity.
1. Static Electricity is formed when friction occurs. The
presence of electric charges that are stationary or not moving
in an object.

For instance, rubbing a plastic comb in a woolen cloth for

several times can attract teared up pieces of paper. Lightning is the
most powerful static electricity.
2. Current Electricity is the motion of charged particles
from a source. The electrons in current electricity are continuous
and flowing. Therefore, produces an electric current that comes
from the source that flows through conduction along the pathway
to a device or any appliances. Most of our devices at home are
powered by current electricity (Navaza 2016).

3
 A conductor is a material that easily conducts electrical
current. Most metals are good conductors. The best conductors are
single element materials, such as copper, aluminum, silver, iron
(Admin 2020).

A material that does not easily transmit energy, such as

electric current or heat is called insulator. Why do insulators do
not conduct electricity? All materials contain electrons. However,
the electrons in insulators, like rubber, glass, plastics, and woods
are not free to move. They are tightly bound inside atoms. Hence,
the current cannot pass through an insulator because they are no
free electrons for the flow of current. Insulators have a very large
value of resistance.

4
 The Electric Circuit

An Electric Circuit is composed of interconnected electrical

components. These components form a complete path of an electric
circuit. An electric circuit has three components: power supply,
conductor, and load.

Electric circuit is also the pathway by which electricity runs

from the power source for the device to work. This includes a device
to make an object move and makes a light bulb light (Beldia 2000).

In order for the electricity to be useful, it must flow

continuously and follow the electrical path.

Electricity can be considered as electrons in motion. The closed path

along which the electrons flow is called electric circuit.

In order for electrons to flow in a circuit, it is necessary to have these

three main parts: the source of electrical energy (e.g. battery), the conducting
wires, and the load (e.g. a bulb).

5
 The Three (3) Components of an Electrical Circuit

1. Energy Source is the source of electrical energy, such as the dry cell or
battery. It pushes the electric charges. In the case of battery, the energy
is stored as a chemical energy. When it is connected to a complete circuit,
the energy is transferred from the battery to the components of the circuit.

2. Load or device like bulb or any appliance, converts electrical energy to

other forms of energy. A light bulb converts electrical energy to light energy.

3. Conductor is usually an electrical wire that is covered and wrapped by

an insulator. It serves as the path through which the current flow from the
source of energy, through the load, and back to the source.

In a circuit, electric charges flow from the source, then passes through
the conductor or wire, to the device or resistance and back to the dry cell.

6
A Simple Electrical Circuit consist of:

1. Open Circuit

If in a simple circuit one terminal is disconnected, then

there is no flow of charges through that circuit. This is said to be
an open circuit or incomplete circuit.
Electric current is not present unless there is a path from
one terminal to another. The light bulb will not light up because
the electricity from the battery is disconnected.

2. Closed Circuit

If in a simple circuit, charges can flow from one terminal of

the battery to another without any discontinuation, it is said to
be closed circuit or complete circuit.
The flow of electricity from the power supply on a dry cell or
battery, to the wire to the electric bulb, and then to the wire and
back to the source. Electric current is present only when the
circuit is closed.

7
 The switch opens and closes a circuit. If the switch is “on”, the
circuit is closed or complete; electricity flows and the bulb lights up.
When the switch is “off”, the circuit is open and there is no current.

If a device called switch is added in a circuit, you can use this

device to open and close the circuit. You can use it many times. The
switches from the walls of your home are used to turn the lights on
and off.

Electricity found in circuits comprise of charges that are in motion.

Some are good conductors of electricity (conductor) and others are not
(insulator). An electric circuit may be open or closed circuit. A simple circuit
has three components: the source, the load and the wire.

In a simple electrical circuit, current is present when the circuit is

closed. The charge moves from a source (battery) moving through the wire,
to a device (bulb) and then back to the source. A switch is used to control
the flow of charges. In an open circuit, some parts or a part of the circuit is
not connected.

A circuit may be connected to a fuse. A fuse is an electrical safety

device that protects a circuit from excessive current which could lead to
electrical fires. The circuit breakers at home are electrical switches that are
designed to protect our household circuits from excess current/ overload or
short circuit.

8
 Types of Electrical Circuit

1. Series Circuit – all parts of an electric circuit are connected one

after another the connection of the bulbs. These bulbs are put
alternately in the socket. When there is a break in any part of
the circuit, no charge can flow because the circuit is open.

2. Parallel Circuit – the connection of the bulb has two wires

attached to each other. The different parts of the circuit are on
separate pathways. If there is a break in a pathway in a parallel
circuit, electrons can still move through the other pathways and
the current still continues to flow.

9
 Let Us Practice
Activity 1:

Matching Type: Match the given descriptions of the electric circuit and its
components in Column A to its key terms in Column B. Write the letter of
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B

_____ 1. Material that allows electric A. electricity

charges to move in a circuit

_____ 2. Material that prevents or reduce B. bulb

the transfer of electricity or heat

_____ 3. A device that relays on or off an C. open circuit

electric circuit and secures the
flow of electricity

_____ 4. A device through which electricity D. switch

passes through. It blows up before
electric current reaches an electric
device to prevent damage to it

_____ 5. The origin of an electric current E. conductor

_____ 6. All parts of the circuit are not F. closed circuit

connected

_____ 7. The pathway by which electricity G. fuse

runs from the source for the device
to work

_____ 8. All parts of the circuit are connected H. insulator

_____ 9. It is made up of a metal base, metal I. series connection

contacts and filaments

_____ 10. It is considered as electrons in motion J. electric circuit

K. source

10
 Let Us Practice More
Activity 2: Differentiate open circuit from a closed circuit. Do this on your
activity notebook.

Open Circuit

Closed Circuit

11
 Let Us Remember

• Electrical circuit is an interconnection of electrical components. It is

a closed path along which the electrons flow.

• A simple electrical circuit has three components: the power supply or

source of current, load or device and conductors or wires.

• An open circuit is a simple electric circuit where all parts of the circuit
are not connected. There is no flow of current in this circuit. There is
no electric current.

• A closed circuit is an electric circuit where all parts of the circuit are
connected in such a way that it creates a loop/ path for charges to
flow. Charges carrying energy can flow from one terminal of the battery
to another without discontinuation.

• In a circuit, electric charges flow from the source, then passes through
the conductor or wire, to the device or resistance and back to the dry
cell. How fast these charges flow at a given point describes how high
the electric current is.

Let Us Assess

A. Read the questions carefully. Choose the best answer and write it on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is a source of electrical energy?

A. dry cell C. switch

B. fuse D. wire

2. Which of these controls the flow of electric current in a circuit?

A. battery C. switch
B. bulb D. wire

3. Electric current flows easily through some materials made of

metals. What do you call these materials?
A. conductors C. non-conductor
B. insulators D. switch

12
4. Electric charges cannot pass through on some materials like rubber
and wood. What do you call these materials?
A. conductors C. metallic
B. insulators D. switch

5. Which of the circuits will charges flow?

A. Closed circuit
B. Incomplete circuit
C. Open circuit
D. Short circuit

6. Which of the following materials is NOT part of the group?

A. glass C. rubber
B. gold D. wood

7. Which of the following groups are insulators?

A. aluminum, iron, gold C. glass, plastic, rubber
B. silver, rubber, water D. iron, paper, wood

8. Which of the following group of materials are good conductors of

electricity?
A. dry paper, glass, plastic, rubber and zinc
B. aluminum, copper, iron, gold and nickel
C. leather cloth, paper, plastic, and wood
D. gold, leather cloth, paper and plastic

9. Why are insulators used to cover conductors? Because they are being
used to __________
A. prevent electric current from changing from its path
B. have a direct the flow of electric current in a circuit
C. have a rapid flow of electric current
D. prevent heating of wire

10. A parallel circuit is when one bulb is busted, the other bulbs will still
light. It is a parallel circuit if a defective bulb causes the other bulbs
not to get lighted.
A. The first statement is TRUE but the second statement is FALSE.
B. The first statement is FALSE but the second statement is TRUE.
C. Both statements are TRUE.
D. Both statements are FALSE.

13
 B. Group the following materials accordingly. Identify whether it is a
conductor or an insulator. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

aluminum cloth copper paper

rubber iron pen gold
wood book silver nickel

Conductors Insulators

Let Us Enhance

Activity 3: Construct a Model of a Simple Electric Circuit (Tan 2002)

You need:
1 battery/dry cell
1 flashlight bulb
two 25 cm. insulated wire with end scrapped

Do these:
1. Arrange a circuit to light a bulb.
2. Draw the diagram of the circuit you
have just constructed in box A and
label.
A
3. Use only one wire to light the bulb.
4. Do answer these.
a. What should the circuit be in order to light the bulb?

b. Why is it possible to light the bulb even though only one wire is
used?

Making a simple model of an electrical circuit can enhance your

skills and capability to make the light bulb lights up. This can help you
think wisely in connecting wires to achieve the goal of making the bulb
lights.

14
 Let Us Reflect

In today’s generation, electricity is a widespread need of every

individual. You use these in your daily living since you are now in the digital
world. You use electricity to cool down, amusement and etc. Gadgets,
appliances and equipment in your school or at home need electricity.
The concept map below exemplifies the key ideas that have been
transpired as you go through this module. May it help you remember the
important concepts herein.

Concept Map

15
 16
Let Us Assess Let Us Practice More
A. 1. Open circuit- when all
parts are not connected.
1. A
One terminal is
2. C
disconnected therefore
3. A
no electricity flow and
4. B
light bulb will not light
5. A
up.
6. B
2. Closed circuit- All parts
7. C
of the circuit are
8. B
connected. Current can
9. D
flow from one terminal of
10. A
the battery to another
without discontinuation.
B.
Conductor Insulator
Iron, copper rubber, wood
Silver, aluminum cloth, pen
Gold, nickel paper, book
Let Us Practice Let Us Study Let Us Try
1. E 1. Source, bulb, wire 1. C
2. H 2. Thomas Edison and Sir 2. A
3. D Joseph Swan 3. A
4. G 3. Answer may vary 4. B
5. K 4. Answer may vary 5. D
6. C 5. A bulb will light up
7. J when the bulb is
8. F connected to the
9. B electrical source
10. A making the current
flows through the wire.
This makes the bulb
lights.
Answer Key
 References

Admin. 2020. Electronics. July 3. Accessed January 13, 2021.

https://physicsabout.com/difference-between-conductors-
insulators/#:~:text=The%20difference%20between%20conductors%20
and%20insulators%20is%20that,Rubber%20are%20some%20example
s%20of%20conductors%20and%20insulators.
Beldia, Mounien D. 2000. SCIENCE For Healthful Living Textbook for Grade
5. Paranaque Metro Manila: JAVE Publishing House, Inc.
Delia C. Navaza, Lilia G. Vengco, Jojo L. Potenciano. 2016. Science for Active
Learning 5. Quezon City: SIBS PUBLISHING HOUSE, INC.
Electronics, Codrey. 2008. Codrey Electronics. October 23. Accessed
January 12, 2021. https://www.codrey.com/dc-circuits/what-is-an-
electric-
circuit/#:~:text=%20There%20are%20some%20basic%20properties%2
0of%20electrical,to%20positive%20terminal%20of%20the%20source.
%20More%20.
Evelyn T. Larisma, Jan Jason Madriaga-Mariano, Nenita A. Apolinario.
2015. The New Science Links 5. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store,
Inc.
Larisma, JJ Mariano, N. Apolinario. 2015. The New Science Links 5.
Sampalok, Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Soclof, Sidney. 2008. Howstuffworks.com article. January. 2008.
Howstuffworks.com article. January 21. Accessed January 12, 2021.
<https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/circuit.ht
m>.
Tan, Conchita T. 2002. Science for Daily Use 5. Quezon City: DANE
Publishing House, Inc.
Wonders, Sue. 2014. Wonderopolis. Accessed January 11, 2021.
http://www.wonderpolis.org/wonder/what-makes-a-light-bulb-light-
up.

17
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Davao City Division

E. Quirino Avenue, Davao City

Telephone: (082) 227 4762

Email Address: lrms.davaocity@deped.gov.ph