SRI SAI PUBLIC SCHOOL, PATANCHERU

CHEMISTRY
CLASS X
CHAPTER 1
PERIODIC TABLE
DAY: 2 Part: 2 Date: 20-Jun-21

Main concepts and points

PERIODS
1.The first element in a period has one electron in its valence shell and the last element in
that period has maximum number of electrons that shell can accommodate.
2.There are seven periods in the modern periodic table.

NUMBER OF THE PERIOD NUMBER OF ELEMENTS

1 2
2 8
3 8
4 18
5 18
6 32
7 Incomplete period

3.The number of shells an element has is equal to the period to which it belongs.
4.A set of elements belong to group 3 period 6 starting from atomic number 57 to 71, starting
from lanthanum to Lutetium are kept at the main body of the periodic table. these elements are
called LANTHANIDES. They are also known as RARE EARTH ELEMENTS.
5.A set of elements belong to group 3 period 7 starting from atomic number 89 to 103, starting
from Actinium to Lawrencium are kept at the main body of the periodic table below the
lanthanide. These elements are called ACTINIDES. They are radio active in nature.
6.The elements Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl are called TYPICAL ELEMENTS as they summarize
the properties of the respective group to which they belong.
7.The properties that repeats after regular intervals with gradual variation i.e., either increase
or decrease are known as PERIODIC PROPERTIES and the phenomenon is known as
PERIODICITY OF ELEMENTS.
8.Reason for periodicity: When elements are arranged in the increasing order of atomic number
it is observed that elements have similar electronic configuration i.e., they have same number
of valence electrons, hence the properties are also repeated.
9.The chemical properties of the elements depend on the number of valence electrons present
in the outermost orbit of an atom of the element.
10.All the elements in a group shows similar chemical properties because they have same
number of valence electrons.
11. On moving down in a group number of shells increases one by one for each element.
12. On moving across a period all the elements have same number of shells.
13.On moving down in a group all the elements have same valency. Reason: All the elements
in a group have same number of valence electrons.
14.On moving across a period valency increases from 1 to 4 and then decreases to 1 and zero
for inert gases.