Lesson 1.

1 Learning Tasks

Number 1

a) Let the triple  a, b, c  be the simple event the patients 1, 2, and 3 will choose stations a, b,
and c, respectively. Thus, the sample space of this random experiment is
S  {1,1,1 , 1,1,2  , 1,1,3  , 1,2,1 , 1,2,2  , 1,2,3  , 1,3,1 , 1,3,3  ,
 2,1,1 ,  2,1,2  ,  2,1,3  , 2,2,1 , 2,2,2  , 2,2,3  ,  2,3,1 ,  2,3,3  ,
 3,1,1 ,  3,1,2  ,  3,1,3  ,  3,2,1 ,  3,2,2  , 3,2,3  ,  3,3,1 ,  3,3,3 }
The sample point (1,1,1) means that all three patients are in Station 1, while (3,1,1)
means two patients are in Station 1 and the other one is in Station 3.

b) Let A be the event that each station receives a patient. Then

A  1,2,3 , 1,3,2  ,  2,1,3 ,  2,3,1 , 3,1,2  , 3,2,1

c) Since the patients choose a station at random, then we can assume that each sample
point is equally likely, thus
n  A 6
P  A  
n  S  27

Number 2

a) The sample space is given by

S   L, L, L ,  L, L, R  ,  L, R , L  ,  R , L, L  ,  L, R , R  ,  R , L, R  ,  R , R , L  ,  R , R , R 
b) Let A be the event that at least one ca turns left. Thus,
A   L, L, L ,  L, L, R  ,  L, R , L  ,  R , L, L  ,  L, R , R  ,  R , L, R  ,  R , R , L  and
7
P  A 
8
c) Let B be the event that at most one car turns left. Then,
B   L, R , R  ,  R , L, R  ,  R , R , L  ,  R , R , R  and
4 1
P B  
8 2
d) Let C be the event at exactly two cars turn left. Then,
C   L, L, R  ,  L, R , L ,  R , L, L  and
3
P C  
8
e) Let D be the event that that all three cars will turn in the same direction. Then
D   L, L, L ,  R , R , R  and
 2 1
P D  
8 4

Number 3

The numbered cards are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 (the face cards are jack, queen, and
king; then ace). Since there are four suits (space, club, diamond, and heart), we have 4 times 9
equals 36 numbered cards out of 54. Thus, the probability of getting a numbered card when a
36 9
card is drawn from the pack of 52 cards is  .
54 13

Number 4

There are a total of 36 pairs of numbers when a pair of dice is rolled. The pairs that will
add up to 7 or 9 are (1, 6), (6, 1), (2, 5), (5,2), (3, 4), (4, 3), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 3), and (3, 6) for a total
10
of 9. Thus, the probability of getting a sum of 7 or 9 when two dice are thrown is .
36

Number 5

Let L be the event that a lab work is needed and R be the event that a referral is needed. It is
given that

P(neither lab work nor referral) = P  L  R    0.21,

c
 

P  L   0.41, and

P  R   0.53

We need to compute P  L  R  .

From the first given probability we can use the complement rule to get P  L  R  . That is,

P  L  R   1 P  L  R    1 0.21  0.79 .
c
 

Then we use the addition rule of probability,

P  L  R   P  L  P  R   P  L  R 
 P  L  R   P  L  P  R   P  L  R 
 0.41 0.53  0.79
 0.15