Topic: Understanding Data and Ways to
Systematically Collect Data
Quantitative Research Design
- stands as the blueprint of a study.
- outlines the data collection procedure,
instruments to be used in the data
gathering, analyzation and
interpretation.
2 Types of Research Design
1. Experimental Design
2. Non- Experimental Design
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
- establish cause and effect relationships
- determines the effect of an intervention
There are 2 types of experimental design;
1. True- Experiment (random samples)
2. Quasi- Experiment (no random samples)
NON- EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
- do not employ intervention
There are 3 types of non-experimental design;
1. Descriptive, collect information
2. Predictive, predict future event
3. Explanatory, develop and test a theory
Also, 3 types of non-exp. according to TIME;
1. Retrospective, past data
2. Cross- sectional, single point in time
3. Longitudinal, across time
Sampling Technique
- process of obtaining the participants of
a study from a larger pool of potential
participants termed as the population
(Pulmones, 2016).
2 Types of Sampling Technique
1. Probability Sampling, not choosing
respondent (random)
2. Non- Probability Sampling, choosing
respondent (nonrandom)
4 Types of Probability Sampling:
1. Simple Random Sampling
- Members of the population have an
equal chance of being selected
2. Stratified Random Sampling
- Population is divided into homogenous
subgroups
3. Systematic Random Sampling
- K=N/n
4. Cluster or Area Sampling
- population is dispersed across a wide
geographic region
6 Types of Non- Probability Sampling
1. Accidental or Convenience
2. Modal Instance
3. Expert Sampling
4. Proportional and Non-proportional
5. Heterogeneity
6. Snowball
INSTRUMENTATION
- Process of collecting data
- Answers how to gather, where and
when to collect, how to analyze DATA
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
1. Researcher- Completed, researcher
supplies data
2. Participant- Completed, participants give
data
Technical Qualities of Research Instrument Topic: Finding Answers Through Data
Collection
 Validity, measures what it intends to
measure Data Collection
 Reliability, consistency of measurement
- allows the researcher to obtain relevant
TYPES OF VALIDITY information regarding the specified
research questions or objectives
1. Content Validity, measures the
important and essential dimensions of Tools for data collection:
the variable
1. Questionnaire
2. Criterion Validity, instrument to predict
2. Tests, assess various skills
future performance or estimate current
- Recall
performance on another measure
- Recognition
3. Construct Validity, scores obtained by
- Open-ended
the instrument can be related and
3. Interview
influence another variable
4. Observation, assess behavior
TYPES OF RELIABILITY through performances

1. Stability Data-Processing Techniques

2. Equivalence
1. Editing
3. Homogeneity
2. Coding
4. Scorer Reliability
3. Tabulation
Threats to Internal Validity
DATA ANALYSIS
• History
- It is the section where you will describe
• Maturation
how the data in your study were
• Testing
analyzed
• Instrumentation
• Statistical Regression Steps in Constructing a Research Instrument
• Differential Selection
• Experimental Mortality 1. Planning
• Experimental Treatment Diffusion 2. Construction
• Compensatory Rivalry of the Control 3. Quantitative Evaluation
Group 4. Validation
• Compensatory Equalization of Topic: Analyzing Quantitative Data: Descriptive
Treatment Statistics and Inferential Statistics
• Resentful Demoralization of the Control
Group Descriptive Statistics- procedures that
• The Hawthorne Effect researchers use to describe data.
• Experimenter Bias 1. Frequency/ Counts
• Location 2. Percentages
3. Measures of Central Tendency: Mean,
Median, Mode
 4. Measures of Variability: Range,
Standard Deviation, Variable
5. Use of Pie Charts and Bar Graphs

Inferential Statistics- infers or makes

judgements about the participants through
hypothesis testing and the use of tests of
significance.

1. State null hypothesis

2. State the alternative hypothesis
3. State the statistical significance
4. Collect data
5. Calculate the test statistic
6. Draw conclusion about the null
hypothesis