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Comparison between Parameter of Single Core Unarmoured Aluminium

Conductor 6.35/11 kV Underground Cable for Partial Discharge Measurement
Using EMTP-ATP Software

Conference Paper  in  Applied Mechanics and Materials · November 2014

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.793.134

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 COMPARISON BETWEEN PARAMETER OF SINGLE CORE
UNARMOURED ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR 6.35/11 KV UNDERGROUND
CABLE FOR PARTIAL DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT USING EMTP-ATP
SOFTWARE

Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani1, a, Chai Chang Yii1, b, M. Isa1, c

and S. I. S. Hassan1,d

1
School of Electrical System Engineering
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP),
02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
a
khairulhafizi89@yahoo.com, bchangyii89@gmail.com, cmuzamir@unimap.edu.my,
d
syedidris@unimap.edu.my

Keywords: Rogowski Coil, Partial Discharge, EMTP-ATP Software, XLPE cable

Abstract. Partial Discharge (PD) is one of a symptom in the underground cable before the
fault happens. This paper concerned with estimation and detection problems related to PD
phenomena in buried underground cables. The Rogowski coil has been implemented to
analyze this symptom. The various sizes of nominal cross-sectional area cross-linked
polyethylene (XLPE) cable with 6.35/11 KV single core unarmored aluminum conductors
that follows Nexans manufacturer datasheet based on design standard IEC 60502 has been
used in the simulation using Electromagnetic Transient Program-Alternative Transient
Program (EMTP-ATP) software. The Lumped parameter is used for the Rogowski coil sensor
model. Meanwhile, for Double-end measurement using J-Marti model is designed to evaluate
the parameter changing in the measurement. Based on the measurement, the value of
amplitude voltage and current is proportional increase depends on the size of cross-sectional
area of conductor XLPE cable.

Introduction
Nowadays, all industrialized countries in the world are depending on functioning and
perfect power generation, transmission and distribution system. For the reliable supply of
electrical puissance, orchestrating engineers keep on upgrading the system with obligatory
insulation of the rated equipment and components. A power system equipped with best
infrastructure is reliable and uninterruptable if the effective maintenance efforts apply to its
critical component. Researchers have been working continuously to detect the fault and their
location. There are available with some pre-fault indicators which can be sensed by suitable
sensors to get the preliminary information of the incoming fault. The Rogowski coil had been
designed in 1912 by W. Rogowski that is Russia’s engineer [1]. PD normally produces pulses
with high frequency, the frequency ranges from few hundred KHz to a few GHz. There are
four types of the partial discharge that explain in [2]. The Rogowski coil is still in the research
to give the wide band of frequencies depend on the application used. The limitation of the
Rogowski coil is about 60 MHz even this transducer is easily fixed for on-line condition
monitoring PD in the cable [3]. In [4], there are many advantages of the Rogowski coil such
as able to measure the current from milliampere until the hundred thousand Amperes and it is
also easy to handle and safely used while measuring the PD because no connection to the
cable. The casting of the constructing of the Rogowski coil is low and easily constructed in
the laboratory. The concept of the Rogowski coil is a well know that is discussed in [5-7].
1
Rogowski Coil Modeling
The lumped parameter is used in the simulation because it is suitable for the medium
voltage (MV) in PD measurement. Fig. 1, shows the lumped parameter that consists
and in the Rogowski coil. The operation of the Rogowski coil is based on the basic
principle of Faraday’s law. The current flow through the conductor will produce the magnetic
field, the cutting of the magnetic field of the Rogowski coil will induce the voltage into the
coil given as in [8]:

(t) =-M. (1)

Fig. 1: Rogowski coil equivalent circuit [8]

Based on the parameter, the transfer function ( / ) can be generated as:

= ( ) (
(2)
)

EMTP-ATP Modeling
In EMTP-ATP software, there are represented several models of an overhead or underground
distribution line. There are five options for the distribution line model in the EMTP-ATP software
such as Clark-model, Pi-model, Noda-model, Semlyen-model and J-Marti model. In the simulation, J-
Marti model has been selected because the line model shows a good correlation with authentic line
replications, efficient, and precise for most simulation cases [8]. The simulation model of the partial
discharge that happen on the underground cable is based on real scenario such as insulation
degradation due to aging and jointing that explained in [9]. Fig. 2 represents the single-line diagram of
an on-line PD monitoring system on the MV cable. The PD pulse will split into two identical pulses
travelling in the opposite direction and detected by using the Rogowski coil. The location of the PD
source will be located by using the traveling wave method at 2.5km from RC1 and 4.5km form RC2.
RC1 and RC2 define as Rogowski coil sensor 1 and 2.

Fig. 2: Single-line diagram of on-line monitoring system with PD effect on the MV cable

Fig. 3 shows a schematic circuit of the on-line PD monitoring system for double-end measurement
based on J-Marti model with lumped parameter of Rogowski coil simulated in ATPDraw by EMTP-
ATP software. RLC branch is added at both terminals of the line to connect the conductor-end directly
to the ground.

2
 Fig. 3: Schematic circuit J-Marti double end model

The values of the lumped parameter were identified in [10] based on the measurement of the
Rogowski coil sensor. Table 1 declares the parameter that is used in the simulation.

Table 1: Measured lumped model parameter of Rogowski Coil [10].

Fig. 4 demonstrates the simulated of the 5 nC calibrator pulses as PD input voltage. The value of 5 nC
calibrator pulses was explained in [10].

Fig. 4: Simulated of the 5nC calibrator pulses as PD input voltage.

Based on data sheet refer in [11], the parameter of the cable is changed based on the size of the cross-
sectional area conductor. In the simulation, the radius of the conductor and sheath will be identified in
the line cable component (LCC) dialog block. The cross-sectional area of the XLPE cable in the LCC
model clearly shows in the Fig. 5.

Fig. 5: Cross-section area of XLPE cable in ATPDraw

3
Simulation Result And Discussion
The Rogowski coil on the XLPE cable successfully simulated to detect the PD. The
EMTP-ATP software is a medium to design this case study because of its feasibility to give
the simulation result close to the real case precisely. The rate of change parameter in this MV
cable will effect on the amplitude of voltage and current. The change between the size of the
XLPE cable affected the value of resistance, inductance and capacitance in this cable that is
following in [11]. From the simulation result that represented in Table 2 and Fig. 6, the value
of amplitude voltage and current is proportional increase due to the size of cross-sectional
area of conductor for XLPE cable based on the Ohm’s Law. The time of the travelling wave
and are maintain at 13.85µs and 23.85µs even the size of XPLE cable is changed. The
time of arrival at and are depend on the value of the propagation velocity of the cable
that following this equation:

s=vt (3)
Where:
s=distance, v=propagation velocity, t=time

Table 2: Result of the simulation with different parameter in XLPE cable

No. Size of Conductor Time 1 Time 2 Voltage 1 Voltage 2 Current 1 Current 2
Cable (mm²) (Sec) (Sec) (Volt) (volt) (Ampere) (Ampere)
1 70 13.85µ 23.85µ 8.104m 4.342m 22.457m 14.475m
2 120 13.85µ 23.85µ 8.227m 4.328m 27.199m 18.278m
3 185 13.85µ 23.85µ 8.345m 5.175m 35.996m 24.945m
4 300 13.85µ 23.85µ 8.715m 5.149m 44.879m 28.980m
5 500 13.85µ 23.85µ 9.797m 5.264m 52.343m 34.614m
6 800 13.85µ 23.85µ 11.620m 9.350m 83.585m 68.860m

(a) (b)
Fig. 6: (a) Voltage amplitude of V1 and V2 in 70-800 cross-sectional area of conductor
(b) Current amplitude of I1 and I2 in 70-800 cross-sectional area of conductor

From the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis using Matlab software, the resonance
frequency of the Rogowski coil is 5.518 MHz that is shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 7: Rogowski coil response for the injected 5nC pulse calibrator in frequency domain
4
 Conclusion
Based on the simulation result, a comparison between different sizes of the cross-
sectional of conductor of XLPE cable for 11kV single core unarmored aluminum conductor
has been carried out. The amplitude of the voltage that detect by the Rogowski coil is
proportional increase with the size of the cable. There are many sizes of the cable depend on
the application that is used widely as the bigger size of the cable is suitable for the high load
application. By doing this simulation with more practical and ideal using J-Marti line
modeling will make the monitoring system on the XLPE cable in low cost operation.

References
[1] X. M. Jiang, G. H. Lei, Z. B. Guang, W. C. Zhang and T. Chun., Analysis on transfer
characteristics of Rogowski coil transducer to travelling wave. International
Conference on Advanced Power System Automation and Protection (APAP), 2011,
pp.1056,1059.
[2] Nor Akmal Mohd Jamail, Zainal Alam Haron, Asmarashid Ponniran, Qamarul Ezani
Kamarudin and Nor Anija Jalaludin., Partial Discharge Detection for Condition
Monitoring Of an 11-kV XLPE Cable –Part I. Malaysian Technical Universities
Conference on Engineering and Technology (MUCEET), 2009, pp. 27-30.
[3] J. Zhu, et al.,The design of Rogowski Coil with Wide Band Using for Partial Discharge
Measurement. International Symposium on Insulating Material, 2005,pp 518-521.
[4] E Hemmati, and S. M. Shahrtash., Evaluation of unshielded Rogowski coil for measuring
partial discharge signals. International Conference on Environment and Electrical
Engineering (EEEIC), 2012 11th,pp.434-439.
[5] Z. S. Zhang, D. M. Xiao and Y.Li., Rogowski air coil sensor technique for on-line partial
discharge measurement of power cables. Science, Measurement & Technology, IET,
2009.3(3): pp.187-196,
[6] M. Shafiq, L. Kutt, M. Lehtonen, T. Nieminen and M. Hashmi., Parameters
Identification and Modeling of High-Frequency Current Transducer for Partial
Discharge Measurements. Sensors Journal, IEEE, 2013. 13(3): pp.1081-1091.
[7] M. Isa, G. M. Hashmi and M. Lehtonen., Comparative study of on-line three phase PD
monitoring systems for overhead covered conductor distribution lines. Proceedings of
the 44th International on Power Engineering (UPEC),2009. pp.1-5.
[8] ATPDRAW version 5.6 for Windows 9x/NT/2000/XP/Vista Data Sheet

[9] H. Osman, M. Azizi and A. Rahman., Improving MV underground cable performance:

Experience of TNB Malaysia. International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity
Distribution, 2005. CIRED 2005. 18th, pp.1-4.
[10] M. Isa. Partial Discharge Location Techniquefor Covered-Conductor Overhead
Distribution Lines. Doctoral dissertation, TKK, Findland, September 2013
[11] Nexans, “6-36Kv Data Sheet Medium Voltage Underground Power Cables XLPE
insulated cable.

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