HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

ROBOTIC ASSISTANT SURGERY

TEAM MEMBERS

M.Nisha (311118104046)
A.Rajsaranya (311118104049)
S.Sivaranjani (311118104055)
ABOUT ROBOT ASSISTED SURGERY
Robotic surgery, or robot-assisted surgery, allows doctors to perform many types of complex procedures with more
precision, flexibility and control than is possible with conventional techniques. Robotic surgery is usually associated with
minimally invasive surgery — procedures performed through tiny incisions. It is also sometimes used in certain traditional
open surgical procedures.

Robotic surgery are types of surgical procedures that are done using robotic systems. Robotically-assisted
surgery was developed to try to overcome the limitations of pre-existing minimally-invasive surgical procedures and to
enhance the capabilities of surgeons performing open surgery.

Robotic surgery has been rapidly adopted by hospitals in the United States and Europe for use in the treatment of a
wide range of conditions.

The most widely used clinical robotic surgical system includes a camera arm and mechanical arms with surgical
instruments attached to them. The surgeon controls the arms while seated at a computer console near the operating
table. The console gives the surgeon a high-definition, magnified, 3-D view of the surgical site. The surgeon leads other
team members who assist during the operation.
HISTORY
The first robot to assist in surgery was the Arthrobot, which was developed and used for the first time
in Vancouver in 1985. This robot assisted in being able to manipulate and position the patient's leg on voice
command.

The robot was used in an orthopaedic surgical procedure on 12 March 1984, at the UBC Hospital in
Vancouver. Over 60 arthroscopic surgical procedures were performed in the first 12 months, and a 1985
National Geographic video on industrial robots, The Robotics Revolution, featured the device.

Other related robotic devices developed at the same time included a surgical scrub nurse robot,
which handed operative instruments on voice command, and a medical laboratory robotic arm.

In the late 1980s, Imperial College in London developed PROBOT, which was then used to perform
prostatic surgery. The advantages to this robot was its small size, accuracy and lack of fatigue for the
surgeon. In 1992, the ROBODOC was introduced and revolutionized orthopedic surgery by being able to
assist with hip replacement surgeries.

Further development of robotic systems was carried out by SRI International and Intuitive Surgical with the
introduction of the da Vinci Surgical System and Computer Motion with the AESOP and the ZEUS robotic surgical
system. The first robotic surgery took place at The Ohio State University Medical Center in Columbus, Ohio under
the direction of Robert E. Michler.
HOW DOES THE ROBOTIC SURGERY SYSTEM WORKS?

To operate using the Robotic system, your surgeon makes tiny incisions in your body and inserts
miniaturized instruments and a high-definition three-dimensional camera, and sometimes skin incisions
are not required at all. Then, from a nearby console, your surgeon manipulates those instruments to
perform the operation.

Think of the Robotic system system like a video game. When you play a video game, you move a
control button, and the machine translates your movements into real-time, mimicking your moves
precisely on the screen. During a Robotic-assisted procedure, your surgeon uses master controls to
manipulate the instruments, and the instruments translate your surgeon’s movements into precise
movements inside your body. Your surgeon is in control the whole time; the surgical system responds to
the direction he provides.
IS A ROBOT OPERATING ON ME?

We also know many patients are concerned about the idea of a robot performing surgery. You
should know that the Robotic Surgical System is really a system that allows your surgeon to make precise,
delicate motions while controlling the machine.

The robot is never, ever making decisions or performing incisions. Rather, your surgeon is telling the
robot what to do, and the robot allows for greater precision than the human hand on its own.

The Robotic system cannot “think” on its own. It only responds to your surgeon’s precise hand and
finger movements. Your surgeon is in the operating room, directing the procedure the entire time.
CONDITIONS CAN BE TREATED WITH ROBOTIC SURGERY

Many conditions have been successfully treated using Robotic-assisted surgery. These include:

● Colorectal Surgery
● General surgery
● Gynecologic surgery
● Heart surgery
● Endometriosis
● Head and Neck (Transoral) surgery
● Thoracic surgery
● Urologic surgery
BENEFITS OF ROBOTIC SURGERY

The key differences of using robotic systems for surgeons are improved, 3D visualization and
precision control of surgical instruments. The technology can be ideal for certain delicate or complex
surgeries, because it makes it easier for surgeons to avoid surrounding nerves and organs.
For patients, robotic surgery offers several potential benefits over conventional open surgery, including:
● Less pain and use of pain medication
● Less blood loss
● Less risk of infection
● Less scarring
● Shorter hospital stays
● Shorter recovery time
DISADVANTAGES OF ROBOTIC SURGERY
disadvantage of these systems is their cost. With a price tag of a million dollars, their cost is nearly
prohibitive. Whether the price of these systems will fall or rise is a matter of conjecture.

Another disadvantage is the size of these systems. Both systems have relatively large footprints and
relatively cumbersome robotic arms. This is an important disadvantage in todays already crowded operating
rooms. It may be difficult for both the surgical team and the robot to fit into the operating room

One of the potential disadvantages identified is a lack of compatible instruments and equipment. Lack of
certain instruments increases reliance on tableside assistants to perform part of the surgery.

Other Complications: For any major surgery, there is a risk for a wide range of potential complications.
Robotic surgery does not eliminate these risks. Additionally, certain other risks may be posed. Surgery times can
be increased, due to the need to adjust the robot properly to the patient, leading to potentially increased risk of
infection. Some systems require extra means of fastening the robot to the patient, which could lead to increased
blood loss or infection. Robotic malfunction, while rare, can occur, and may require a system reboot, or the
abandoning of the robotic portion of the surgery in favor of traditional techniques. Finally, local injuries may
occur due to exposure to the robot, which might otherwise not occur using traditional tools and techniques.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/robotic-surgery/about/pac-20394974

https://www.uclahealth.org/robotic-surgery/what-is-robotic-surgery

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1681689/

https://health.ucdavis.edu/surgicalservices/roboticsurgery/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/robot-assisted-surgery