Take-home Test 1

1. i. Express the complex number

!"#$
%"$
in the form 𝜆(1 − 𝑖) [4 marks]
2 − 3𝑖 5 + 𝑖 10 + 3 − 15𝑖 + 2𝑖 13 − 13𝑖 13(1 − 𝑖) 1
× = = = = (1 − 𝑖)
5−𝑖 5+𝑖 26 26 26 2
ii. State the values of 𝜆 [1 mark]
1
𝜆=
2
!"#$ &
iii. Verify that 0 %"$ 1 is a real number and state its value [5 marks]
!-#( )
From 1.i. above %-(
= ! (1 − 𝑖)

2 − 3𝑖 & 1 &
∴3 4 = 5 (1 − 𝑖)6
5−𝑖 2
) * ) ) ! ) ! ) )
∵ arg 3! (1 − 𝑖)4 = Tan-) (1) = and =! (1 − 𝑖)= = >0!1 + 0- !1 =>! =
& √!

& &
1 1 𝜋 𝜋 1 1
∴ 5 (1 − 𝑖)6 = Acos 0 1 + i sin 0 1H = (cos 𝜋 + i sin 𝜋) = -
2 (√2)& 4 4 4 4

)
2. The complex number z is represented by the point T in an Argand diagram. Given that 𝑧 = #,$- where t

is a variable and 𝑧̅ denotes the complex conjugate of z, show that

i. 𝑧 + 𝑧̅ = 6𝑧𝑧̅ [7 marks]
1 1
𝑧= ∴ zM =
3 + 𝑖𝑡 3 − 𝑖𝑡

1 1 (3 + 𝑖𝑡) + (3 − 𝑖𝑡)
𝑧 + zM = + =
3 + 𝑖𝑡 3 − 𝑖𝑡 (3 + 𝑖𝑡)(3 − 𝑖𝑡)
. ) )
= 0(#,$-)(#"$-)1 = 6 0 1 0 1 = 6𝑧𝑧̅
#,$- #"$-

QED
ii. as t varies, T lies on a circle, and state the coordinates of the center of this circle [8 marks]
Let 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 , then
1
𝑧 −
3 + 𝑖𝑡
1
= z −
3 + 𝑖𝑡
1 3 − 𝑖𝑡
=z− ×
3 + 𝑖𝑡 3 − 𝑖𝑡
3 − 𝑖𝑡
=𝑧−
9 + 𝑡!
If T lies on a circle as t varies then
1 3 − 𝑖𝑡
Q𝑧 − Q = Q𝑧 − Q = r
3 + 𝑖𝑡 9 + 𝑡!
 )
Then the center of the circle, c, is (3 − 𝑖𝑡)
1,- !

3. i. Find the values of ℎ, 𝑘 ∈ ℝ such that 3 + 4i is a root of the quadratic equation

𝑧 ! + ℎ𝑧 + 𝑘 = 0 [6 marks]
If a polynomial has complex roots and if the coefficients are real then root occurs in conjugate pairs
W𝑧 − (3 + 4𝑖)XW𝑧 − (3 − 4𝑖)X
= 𝑧 ! − (3 + 4𝑖)𝑧 − (3 − 4𝑖)𝑧 + (3 + 4𝑖)(3 − 4𝑖)
= 𝑧 ! − 6𝑧 + 25 ⟹ ℎ = −6 and 𝑘 = 25
ii. Given that 1 − 𝑖 is the root of the equation 𝑧 # + 𝑧 ! − 4𝑧 + 6 = 0, find the remaining roots
[4 marks]
W𝑧 − (1 − 𝑖)XW𝑧(1 + 𝑖)X = 𝑧 ! − 2𝑧 + 2
𝑧 + 3
𝑧 ! − 2𝑧 + 2) 𝑧 # + 𝑧 ! − 4𝑧 + 6
−(𝑧 # − 2𝑧 ! + 2𝑧)
3𝑧 ! + 6𝑧 + 6
−(3𝑧 ! + 6𝑧 + 6)
0
𝑧 = 1 − 𝑖, 1 + 𝑖, −3

iii. Use De Moivre’s theorem for (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃)#

𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝜃 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 # 𝜃 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 [6 marks]
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 # 𝜃 + 3𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ! 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛! 𝜃−𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛# 𝜃
Separating real and imaginary components
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 # 𝜃 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛! 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 # 𝜃 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛! 𝜃
Substituting 𝑠𝑖𝑛! 𝜃 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ! 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝜃 = W𝑐𝑜𝑠 # 𝜃 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ! 𝜃)X = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 # 𝜃 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 # 𝜃 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 # 𝜃 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

()"!$)(2,$)
4. Let z= (),$)!

i. Express z in the form a+bi, where 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ [5 marks]

(1 − 2𝑖)(7 + 𝑖) 9 − 13𝑖 9 − 13𝑖 2𝑖 18𝑖 + 26 9𝑖 13
= = ∙ = =− −
(1 + 𝑖) ! 2𝑖 2𝑖 2𝑖 −4 2 2
ii. Calculate the exact value of |z| [3 marks]

81 169 5√10
|𝑧| = f + =
4 4 2

5. i. Find complex number 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 such that x and y are real numbers and
𝑢! = −15 + 8𝑖 [7 marks]
𝑥 ! − 𝑦 ! + 2𝑥𝑦𝑖 = −15 + 8𝑖
𝑥 ! − 𝑦 ! = −15
 4
2𝑥𝑦 = 8 ⇒ 𝑦 =
𝑥
&
Substituting 𝑦 = 3 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ! − 𝑦 ! = −15
16
𝑥! − = −15
𝑥!
𝑥 & − 16 = −15 ⇒ 𝑥 & = 1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = 𝑥 ! ⇒ 𝑎! = 1 ⇒ 𝑎 = 𝑥 ! = ±1
∵ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 = ±1 ⇒ 𝑦 = ±4
𝑢 = ±(1 + 4𝑖)
ii. Hence, or otherwise, solve for z the equation
𝑧 ! − (3 + 2𝑖)𝑧 + (5 + 𝑖) = 0 [5 marks]
𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −(3 + 2𝑖), 𝑐 = (5 + 𝑖)
(3 + 2𝑖) ± l5 + 12𝑖 − 20 − 4𝑖) (3 + 2𝑖) ± √−15 + 8𝑖
𝑧= =
2 2
(3 + 2𝑖) ± (1 + 4𝑖)
=
2

),$ √!
6. i. Draw the points A and B on an Argand diagram, where 𝐴 = )"$ and B = )"$

√! ),$ √! ),$ ),$ !$

B = )"$ × ),$ = (1 + 𝑖) 𝐴 = )"$ × ),$ = =𝑖
! !

4),√!,$5 #*
ii. Hence, or otherwise, show that the argument of ) " $
is EXACTLY 7
. [5 marks]

1+𝑖 √2 W1 + √2 + 𝑖X √2 √2 √2
+ = = (1 + 𝑖) + 𝑖 = + A1 + H 𝑖
1−𝑖 1−𝑖 1 − 𝑖 2 2 2

√2 √2 2 + √2 √2 2 + √2 3𝜋
arg A + A1 + H 𝑖H = tan-) A ÷ H = tan-) A H = tan-) W1 + √2X =
2 2 2 2 √2 8

iii. Find ALL complex numbers, z, such that 𝑧 ! = 𝑖.

(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦)! − 𝑖 = 0; 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ ℝ
 𝑥 ! − 𝑦 ! + 2𝑥𝑦𝑖 − 𝑖 = 0
1
⟹ 𝑥 ! − 𝑦 ! = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑥𝑦 = 1 ⟹ 𝑦 =
2𝑥
1 !
𝑥 ! − 3 4 = 0
2𝑥
1
𝑥 ! − ! = 0
4𝑥
4𝑥 & − 1 = 0
1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = 𝑥 ! ∴ 𝑎! =
4
1 1 1
𝑎 = ± ⟹ 𝑥 ! = ± ∵ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ , 𝑥 = ±
2 2 √2
1 √2 √2
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 = ± =± 𝑖𝑛 2𝑥𝑦 = 1 ⟹ 𝑦 = ±
√2 2 2
√2
𝑧=± (1 + 𝑖)
2
iv. Hence, find ALL complex roots of the equation
𝑧 ! − (3 + 5𝑖)𝑧 − (4 − 7𝑖) = 0 [5 marks]
𝑎 = 1; 𝑏 = −(3 + 5𝑖); 𝑐 = −(4 − 7𝑖)
(3 + 5𝑖) ± l(3 + 5𝑖)! + 4(4 − 7𝑖) (3 + 5𝑖) ± √2𝑖
𝑧= =
2 2
2
(3 + 5𝑖) ± √2 u± √ (1 + 𝑖)v
(3 + 5𝑖) ± √2 ∙ √𝑖 2
= =
2 2
(3 + 5𝑖) W±(1 + 𝑖)X
= ±
2 2

v. Use de Moivre’s theorem to show that

𝑐𝑜𝑠 6𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 . 𝜃 − 15𝑐𝑜𝑠 & 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛! 𝜃 + 15 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ! 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛& 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛. 𝜃 [6 marks]
𝑐𝑜𝑠 6𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 6𝜃 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃).
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 . 𝜃 + 6𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 % 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 15𝑐𝑜𝑠 & 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛! 𝜃 − 20𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 # 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛# 𝜃
+ 15𝑐𝑜𝑠 ! 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛& 𝜃 + 6𝑖cos𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛% 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛. 𝜃
Separating real and imaginary components
sin 6𝜃 = 6𝑐𝑜𝑠 % 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 20 𝑐𝑜𝑠 # 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛# 𝜃 + 6cos𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛% 𝜃
cos 6𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 . 𝜃 − 15𝑐𝑜𝑠 & 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛! 𝜃 + 15𝑐𝑜𝑠 ! 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛& 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛. 𝜃