Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility (Incinerator Capacity 50 KG/HR)

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR
Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility

(Incinerator capacity 50 kg/hr)
At
Kahar Pathar, Mouza- Bhawanipur, District-
Barpeta, ASSAM
Draft Report
PROJECT PROPONENT :
Ksepya Environment Management Private Limited
SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LIMITED

QCI/NABET EIA CONSULTANT ORGANIZATIONS
Registered Office:
Village Majra, Post Office Dabhota, Tehsil Nalagarh Distt. Solan,
Himachal Pradesh - 174101
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) at Barpeta, Assam
Abbreviations
AAQM- AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
BIS- BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARD
CCTV- CLOSED –CIRCUIT TELIVISION
CHS- COMPLAINT HANDLING SYSTEM
Col- CORRIDOR OF IMPACT
CPCB- CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
DPR- DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
EA- ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
EAC- EXPERT APPRAISAL COMMITTEE
ElA- ENVIRONMENTAL lMPACTA$S5SSME"T
EMP- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
GIS- GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
GP- GRAM PANCHAYAT
IA- IMPLEMENTATION AGENCY
IUCN– INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
MOEF&CC- MINSTRY OF ENVIRONMENT FORESTAND CLIMATE CHANGE
NAAQS- NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITT STANDARDS
NBA- NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY AUTHORITY
PCB- POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
PPE- PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS
PUC- POLLUTION UNDER CONTROL
RPM- RESPIRABLE PARTTICULATE MATTER
SBB- STATE BIODIVERSITY BOARDS
SC- SCHEDULED CASTE
SEAC- STATE LEVEL EXPERT APPRAISAL COMMITTEE
SEIAA- STATE/UNION TERRITORY ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY
$PM- SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER
ST- SCHEDULE TRIBE
WHS- WATER HARVESTING STRUCTURES
AIDS- ACQUIRED IMMUNITY DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
DO- DISSOLVED OXYGEN
GOA- GOVERNMENT Of ASSAM
GOI- GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
dBA – decibel
Ha – hectare
Km – kilometer
2
km – square kilometer
m – meter
mm – millimeter
3
m /s – cubic meters per second
mg/l - milligram per liter
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Table of Contents
Approved TOR………………………………………………………………………..,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,…7
Compliance to TOR………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………14
Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..16
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..29
1.1 Prologue ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….30
1.2 Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) ……………………………………………………………....31
1.3. Purpose of Report ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………,,,,,,,37
1.4. The Project and Project Proponent …………………………………………………………………………………………………38
1.5. Environment Consultant …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………39
1.6. Brief Description of Project …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….39
1.7. The Assignment & Scope of this Report ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 41
1.8. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ……………………………………………………………………………….. 42
Project Description ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …..48
2.1 Type of Project………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..49
2.2 Need for Project………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………49
2.2.a COVID-19 Pandemic ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..50
2.3. Project Location, Boundary and Project layout ……………………………………………………………………………….50
2.4. Project Description………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 56
2.5 Size or Magnitude of Operation………………………………………………………………………………………………………..58
2.5.1 Incinerator ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………58
2.5.2 Autoclave ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..67
2.5.3 Shredder …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………68
2.5.4 Air Pollution Control System …………………………………………………………………………………………..70
2.5.5 Effluent Treatment Plant ………………………………………………………………………………………………..72
2.5.6 Waste Storage Room …………………………………………………………………………..............................73
2.5.7 Ash Storage Area …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….74
2.5.8 Vehicle / Containers Washing Area …………………………………………………………………………………74
2.5.9 Treatment Equipment Room …………………………………………………………………………………………..74
2.5.10 Administrative Room …………………………………………………………………………………………………….75
2.5.11 Generator set ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..75
2.5.12 Site Security…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..75
2.5.13 Fire safety……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..75
2.5.14 First Aid Box…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..75
2.5.15 Greenbelt………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………75
2.5.16. COVID 19 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....76
2.6 Manpower Requirement………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 77
2.7 Water Requirement …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………78
2.8 Power and Fuel Requirement ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….78
2.9 Bio-Medical Waste Process Description …………………………………………………………………………………..……..78
2.10 Process Description ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………79
2.11 Solid Waste Generation ………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………86
2.12 Treatment Process and Process Flow……………………………………………………………………………………………. 87
2.13 Construction Schedule ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…88
2.14 Solid and hazardous Waste Management ………………………………………………………………………………………90
Description of Environment ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....91
3.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………92
3.2 Description of the study area ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….93
3.3 Topography of Project Site …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….96
3.4 Rivers and wetlands of Barpeta District ……………………………………………………………………………………….….97
3.5 Soil Characteristics ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....98
3.6 Forests …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….98
3.7 Seismicity of Study Area………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…98
3.8 Baseline Monitoring of Environment Component …………………………………………………………………………...99
3.9 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…109
3.10 Noise Environment ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..113
3.11 Water Environment …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….117
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3.12 Biological Environment……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…122

3.13 Socio Economic Environment ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..135
3.14 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….142
Anticipated Environmental Impacts and its Mitigation Measures …………………………………………………………………143
4.1 Identification of Impacts …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….143
4.2 Methodology …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..143
4.3 Potential Impacts ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….143
4.4. Impacts during Construction phase ……………………………………………………………………………………….……..144
4.5 Impacts during Operation Phase …………………………………………………………………………………………….……..151
Analysis of Alternatives (Site and Technology) ………………………………………………………………………………………….…….159
5.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….……160
5.2 Handling of Biomedical waste ……………………………………………………………………………………………….…….…162
5.3 Components of integrated Bio-Medical Waste Management ……………………………………………….……….163
5.4 Alternate Treatment Technologies …………………………………………………………………………………………….….164
5.5 Energy Saving Measures ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..165
5.6 Advantages of CBWTF over Individual Facilities at HCEs ………………………………………………………………..166
Environment Monitoring Programme ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………168
6.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..169
6.2 Construction Phase ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….170
6.3 Operation Phase ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………173
6.4 Pollution Monitoring Facilities ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….176
6.5 Public Health Monitoring ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….177
Additional Studies …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….178
7.1 Risk Assessment …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….179
7.2 Fire fighting System ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….181
7.3. Risk Assessment and Mitigation Measures ……………………………………………………………………………………182
7.4 Disaster Management Plan ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………183
7.5 Occupational Health and Safety Program for the Project ……………………………………………………………….186
7.6 Fire and Life Safety………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….187
7.7 Hydro-geological Studies ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….188
7.8 BMW & Chemical Handling ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………191
7.9 Preventive measures ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..191
7.10 Emergency Control Team …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….195
7.11 Budget For Occupational Health & Safety…………………………………………………………………………………….196
7.12 Safety in work environment ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..197
Project Benefits …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………200
8.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..201
8.2 Benefits from Bio Medical Waste …………………………………………………………………………………………………..202
8.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure …………………………………………………………………………………….202
8.4 Other Tangible Benefits …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………203
8.5 SWOT Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...204
8.6 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….205
Environment Management Plan ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….207
9.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 208
9.2 Purpose of Environmental Management Plan ………………………………………………………………………………..208
9.3 Environmental Management during Construction …………………………………………………………………………208
9.4 Environmental Management during Operations Phase ………………………………………………………………….214
9.5 General Considerations ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….218
9.6 Concept of Waste-Minimization, Recycle/Reuse/Recover Techniques,
Energy Conservation, and Natural Resource Conservation…………………………………………………………………. 218
9.7 Occupational Health Management ………………………………………………………………………………………………..218
9.8 Fire Protection System………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 219
9.9 Environmental Management Cell………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 219
9.10 Water Environment………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………220
9.11 Waste Collection/Handling/Treatment/Disposal for COVID-19 Waste ……………………………………......224
9.12 EMP Budget ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..225
9.13 Budgetary Provision for CER activities ………………………………………………………………………………………….226
9.14 Environment Management Cell ……………………………………………………………………………………………………227
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Summary and Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 229

Disclosure of Consultants ………………………………………………………………………………………244
List of Tables
Table ES.1. Air Environment (Construction/Operation Phase) …………………………………………………………………………….21
Table ES.2. Water Environment (Construction/Operation Phase) ………………………………………………………………………….22
Table ES.3. Land Environment (Construction/Operation Phase) ………………………………………………………………………….22
Table ES.4. Noise Environment (Construction/Operation Phase) ………………………………………………………………………..23
Table 1.1. New Updated Color Coding for Bio-Medical Waste Management -2016 …………………………………………….32
Table 1.2. Categories of Bio-Medical waste with Treatment and Disposal Options ……………………………………………..35
Table 1.3. Project Details …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….40
Table 1.4. Applicable Laws and Regulations ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..43
Table 2.1. Salient Features of the project …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….51
Table 2.2. Proposed land use of the project …………………………………………………………………………………………………………56
Table 2.3 Emission Standards ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………59
Table 2.4 Design Details of proposed Incinerator …………………………………………………………………………………………………60
Table 2.5 Statement on Compliance with CPCB guidelines for CBWTF incinerator……………………………………………….64
Table 2.6 Proposed Features of Autoclave …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..68
Table 2.7 Manpower Details ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..75
Table 2.8. Power and Fuel Requirement ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...76
Table 2.9. Estimated Waste Water Generation in KLD …………………………………………………………………………………………83
Table 2.10. Estimated Municipal Solid Waste Likely to be generated …………………………………………………………………..84
Table 3.1. Site Coordinates ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....93
Table 3.1.a Methodology ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..............95
Table 3.2. Instruments used for baseline data collection/monitoring ………………………………………………………………..100
Table 3.2. Percentage of various Land-Uses within Study area ………………………………………………………………………….101
Table 3.3. Locations of Monitoring Sites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………102
Table 3.4. Frequency and Methodology for Soil Sampling & Monitoring …………………………………………………………..103
Table 3.5. Standard soil classification ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..103
Table 3.7. Result of Soil Quality Analysis (Pre Monsoon Season) ……………………………………………………………………….104
Table 3.8. Met Data 1971-2020 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...106
Table 3.9. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Location………………………………………………………………………………………….109
Table 3.10. National Ambient Air Quality Standards ………………………………………………………………………………………….112
Table 3.11. Air quality data ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….113
Table 3.12. Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise ………………………………………………………………………....114
Table 3.13. Location of Noise Quality Monitoring Stations …………………………………………………………………………………115
Table 3.14. Results of Noise Level monitoring in Study Area………………………………………………………………………………116
Table 3.15. Location of Ground Water Sampling Sites ………………………………………………………………………………………119
Table 3.16. Surface water quality ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………120
Table 3.17. Surface Water quality ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..121
Table 3.18. Flora in Buffer Zone …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………123
Table 3.19. Fauna in Core Zone ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….127
Table 3.20.. List of Species in Buffer Zone (10 Km Radius) ………………………………………………………………………………...128
Table 3.21. Fishes of Puthimari Beel …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………130
Table 3.22. Fish Diversity of Beki River ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..132
Table 3. 23. Revenue circles and Number of villages in Barpeta District …………………………………………………………….142
Table 4.1. Stack Emissions Details …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….153
Table 4.2. 24 Hours Mean Meteorological Data for Winter, Pre Monsoon and Monsoon Season ……………………..154
3
Table 4.3. Post Project Scenario – Units: μg/m ………………………………………………………………………………………………..155
Table 4.4. Wastewater Generation Details …………………………………………………………………………………………………......156
Table 5.1. Location Criteria for the Proposed Project ………………………………………………………………………………………..161
Table 5.2. Inbuilt facility vs Common facility ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..162
Table 6.1. Environmental Measures during Construction Site………………………………………………………………………….. 170
Table 6.2. Environmental Monitoring Plan for construction phase ……………………………………………………………………172
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Table 6.3. Environmental Monitoring during Operational Phase ……………………………………………………………………….173

Table 6.4. Environmental Monitoring Plan for operation phase …………………………………………………………………………174
Table 7.1. List of Hazards and Mitigation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..179
Table 7.2. Pool Fire Risk Model Output ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………181
Table 7.3. List of Proposed Fire Fighting Equipment …………………………………………………………………………………………..181
Table 7.4. List of hazardous material storage, hazard & its control ……………………………………………………………………194
Table 7.5. List of process hazards & preventive measures …………………………………………………………………………………195
Table 7.6. Budget for occupational health and safety ……………………………………………………………………………………….196
Table 7.7. Budget for health and safety Checkups …………………………………………………………………………………………….197
Table 7.8. List of Medical Tests ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….198
Table 9.1. Environment Management Plan during construction phase ………………………………………………………………212
Table 9.2. Water management ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….220
Table 9.3. Characteristics of Inlet and Outlet of waste water from ETP ……………………………………………………………..223
Table 9.4. Budget for implementation of Environmental Management Plan ……………………………………………………..225
Table 9.5. Proposed CSR activities and its budget ………………………………………………………………………………………………226
Table 9.6. Roles and responsibility of EMP Cell ………………………………………………………………………………………………….228
Table 11.1 Key Personnel/Experts Associated with the Study ……………………………………………………………………………246
List of Figures
Figure 1.1. Colour coding and Type of Container for Disposal of Biomedical waste ……………………………………………..37
Figure 2.1. Google image of the proposed site is given ………………………………………………………………………………………..52
Figure 2.2.Topographical map of the project site ……………………………………………………………………………………………….52
Figure 2.3.Map showing Land use of the site ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….53
Figure 2.4. Presents the layout of industrial area and layout of the facility ………………………………………………………….53
Figure 2.5. Distance from the water body (Pahumara River) ……………………………………………………………………………….54
Figures 2.6 : The site photographs ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………54
Figure 2.7. Pie chart of proposed land use of the project …………………………………………………………………………………….57
Figure 2.8. Layout of the Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility …………………………………………………………..57
Figure 2.7 Sterilization process ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………68
Figure 2.8 Shredder ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..69
Figure 2.9. Typical Bio-Medical Waste Incinerator ………………………………………………………………………………………….……71
Figure 2.10. Flow chart of Effluent Treatment Plant …………………………………………………………………………………………….83
Figure 2.11. Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) technology ……………………………………………………………………………..84
Figure 2.12. Flow Chart showing Treatment process ……………………………………………………………………………………………85
Figure 2.13. Process Flow diagram ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………86
Figure 2.14. Flow chart of activities during construction phase …………………………………………………………………………..87
Figure 2.15. Flow chart of activities during operation phase ……………………………………………………………………………….88
Figure 3.1. Location of the Project Site ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….93
Figure 3.2. Project Site Coordinates……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………,94
Figure 3.3. Location of the Rail station from the Project Site ………………………………………………………………………………94
Figure 3.4. Site elevation Map……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 96
Figure 3.5. Rivers of Barpeta District ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………97
Figure 3.5. Seismic zone Map of India …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………99
Figure 3.6 Land Use land Cover map of the project site …………………………………………………………………………………….101
Fig 3.7. Map depicting locations of soil quality monitoring stations ………………………………………………………………….,104
Figure 3.8. Wind rose at the Site (December, 2019 to June 2020) ………………………………………………………………….….107
Figure 3.9. Max, Min Temperature from December, 2019 to June 2020 …………………………………………………………...107
Figure 3.10. Average rainfall amount (mm) and Rainy Days from December, 2019 to June 2020 ………………………108
Figure 3.11. Average wind speed from December, 2019 to June 2020……………………………………………………………… 108
Figure 3.12. Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station ………………………………………………………………………110
Figure 3.13. Locations of Ambient Noise Monitoring Sites …………………………………………………………………………………116
Figure 3.14. Hydro Geology of Barpeta District…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 118
Figure 3.15. Map Showing Ground & Surface Water Monitoring Stations …………………………………………………………119
Figure 3.16. Area within 5km Radius of Project Site ………………………………………………………………………………………….136
Figure 7.1. On site emergency planning …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….196
Figure 9.1. Scheme of ETP ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….222
Figure 9.2. Environment Management Cell ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..228
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Approved Terms of Reference (TOR)
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Compliance of Terms of Reference (TOR)
1 Reasons for selecting the site with details of alternate sites Chapter 5: pgs 159-
examined/rejected/selected on merit with comparative 168
statement and reason/basis for selection. The examination
should justify site suitability terms of environment
damages, resources sustainability associated with selected
site as compared to rejected sites. The analysis should
include parameters considered along with weightage
criteria for short-listing selected site.
2 Submit the details of the road/rail connectivity along with Chapter 2: pgs 48-90.
the likely impacts and mitigative measures. Pg 143 to 158
3 Submit the present land use and permission required for Chapter 1: pgs 29-47
any conversion such as forest, agriculture etc.
4 Examine the details of transportation of hazardous wastes, Chapter 2 and 3: pgs
and its safety in handling. 48-142
5 Examine the details of monitoring of Dioxin and Furon. Dioxin and furons
shall be monitored
regularly. And the
report shall be
submitted to SPCB.
6 MoU for disposal of ash through the TSDF. The MOU shall be
submitted at the time
of final presentation
of EIA report at
MOEFCC.
7 MoU for disposal of scrubbing waste water through CETP. NA
8 Examine and submit details of monitoring of waste water NA, this is not a
quality around the landfill site. landfill site.
9 Examine and submit details of the odour control measures. Chapter 4, pgs:109-
122
10 Examine and submit details of impact on water body and Chapter 4: pgs 143-
mitigative measures during rainy season. 158
11 Environmental Management Plan should be accompanied Chapter 4: pgs: 142-
with Environmental Monitoring Plan and environmental 158
cost and benefit assessment. Regular monitoring shall be
carried out for odour control.
12 Water quality around the landfill site shall be monitored NA this is not a
regularly to examine the impact on the ground water. landfill facility
13 The storage and handling of Hazardous wastes shall be as Chapte2, 3 , 4
per the Hazardous Waste Management Rules.
14 Submit details of a comprehensive Disaster Management Chapter 7 : pgs: 178-
Plan including emergency evacuation during natural and 199
man-made disaster.
15 Public hearing to be conducted for the project in EIA/EMP submitted
accordance with provisions of Environmental Impact to SPCB, Assam for
Assessment Notification, 2006 and the issues raised by the public hearing.
public should be addressed in the Environmental
Management Plan. The public hearing should be conducted
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based on the ToR letter issued by the SEIAA, Assam and

not on the basis of Minutes of the Meeting available on the
web-site.
16 A detailed draft EIA/EMP report should be prepared in All ToR points are
accordance with the above additional ToR and should be complied with
submitted to the SEIAA, Assam in accordance with the
Notification.
18 Details of litigation pending against the project, if any, No litigation
with direction/order passed by any court of Law against
the project should be given.
19 The cost of the project (capital cost and recurring cost) as The cost of the
well as the cost towards implementation of EMP should be project is 48 lacs and
clearly spelt out. the EMP cost shall be
app. 25 lacs during
construction and for
operation 17 lacks
were kept.
20 Any further clarification on carrying out the above studies The report has been
including anticipated impacts due to the project and prepared as per the
mitigative measure, the project proponent can refer to the MoEF&CC
model ToR available on Ministry website guidelines.
“http://moef.nic.in/Manual/Incinerator”
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
of the EIA for Common Bio- Medical Waste Treatment Facility
at Kahar Pathar, Barpeta, Assam
1. Project Description
All the Health Care Establishments (HCEs) are required by law to put in place the
mechanisms for proper segregation and scientific disposal of Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) to
minimize adverse impacts on health care workers and on the environment. However,
installation of individual treatment facilities by health care establishments requires
significant capital investment and trained manpower for proper operation and maintenance
of treatment systems.
In order to deal with COVID-19 pandemic, State and Central Governments have initiated
various steps, which include setting up of quarantine centers/camps, Isolation wards,
sample collection centers and laboratories. Following specific guidelines for management
of waste generated during diagnostics and treatment of COVID-19 suspected / confirmed
patients are required to be followed by all the stakeholders including isolation wards,
quarantine centers, sample collection centers, laboratories, ULBs and common biomedical
waste treatment and disposal facilities, in addition to existing practices under BMW
Management Rules, 2016.
Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facilities (CBWTFs) offer huge advantage to

health care establishments through more efficient treatment and disposal of BMW and
through „Economies of Scale‟ (significant decrease in cost of treatment per kilogram).
Ksepya Environment Management Private Limited planned to establish a new CBWTF in
Barpeta and surrounding districts.
Ksepya Environment Management Private Limited proposes to establish a CBWTF in an

area of 1 Bigha and 18 lechas at Kahara Pathar village, Barpeta district, Assam with a
capital cost of around Rs.48 lacs. It is proposed to treat BMW generated from about
hospital and clinical facilities from Barpeta and surrounding districts. The key components
of the proposed facility include Incinerator – 5 TPD (50 kg/hr), Shredder – 50 kg/hr with
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all other supporting infrastructure. It is proposed to establish the proposed facility in

compliance with Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016.
No alternatives sites were considered for development of this facility and the proposed site
is fairly found to be suitable location considering both the environmental and the
economical factors as per the sitting criteria guidelines.
The nearest railway station is Sorupeta Railway station app. 7.3 km north from the project
site. The nearest highway is NH-31 and is almost adjacent to the project site.
The total net water requirement for the proposed facility is 3.0 KLD. The primary source of
water will be from bore wells or else by external water tankers. The electric power required
for the facility is 25 kVA and will be supplied from APDCL. For emergency backup, 25
KVA DG set will be maintained with optimal usage. It is estimated that it will take about 8
to 12 months for execution of the proposed facility. About 17-20 full time employees will
be employed during the operation phase.
2. Description of the Environment
Field studies were carried out to establish the existing environmental conditions (air, water,
noise, soil, and ecology) and socio-economic conditions. A study area of 10 km radius from
the project site was chosen to establish the present environmental and socio-economic
conditions. The baseline studies were carried out during the months of December, 2019 to
June, 2020.
The winds were predominantly recorded from NE closely followed by N. Calm conditions
prevailed for 12.64% of the total time and the average wind speed for the season is 2.31
m/s.
Ambient Air Quality
Ambient air quality monitoring stations were installed at 5 different locations. The
locations were selected in downwind, crosswind and upwind direction from the proposed
project site. At each location, monitoring was carried out at a frequency of 2 days per week
for 12 weeks during the study period.
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PM2.5 levels were recorded in the range of 5.7 to 34 µg/m3 , PM10 levels were recorded in
the range of 21 to 58 µg/m3, Sulphur dioxide (SO2) concentrations were in the range of 5.0
to 9.5 µg/m3, Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) concentrations were in the range of 9.3 to 76
µg/m3 , Carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations were in the range of 0.24 to 0.45 mg/m3
The observed levels were compared with CPCB Standards (National Ambient Air Quality
Standards, 2009) and are found to be well within the limits.
Water Quality Monitoring
Surface water and groundwater samples were collected from different sources within the
study area and analyzed for all important physico-chemical parameters to establish the
quality of water prevailing in the project surroundings. A total of 5 groundwater and 2
surface water samples were collected.
The groundwater samples were drawn from the bore wells and hand pump used by
villagers for their daily use. The surface water sample was drawn from pond & river. The
pH of ground water observed ranges from 6.86 to 7.02 and in surface water it was observed
as 7.86 to 7.89, the TDS level of ground water is from 215 to 296 mg/l, whereas in surface
water the levels are observed 70 to 74 mg/l. The chloride concentration in ground water is
between 36 mg/l to 54 mg/l, whereas the surface water has chloride value of 12 to 14
mg/l. The hardness observed in ground water is 116 to 154 mg/l and in surface water the
hardness found to be 34 to 38 mg/l.
Noise Monitoring
Noise levels were monitored at 5 different locations within study zone, using a noise
measurement device. The day levels of noise have been monitored during 6 AM to 10 PM
and the night levels during 10 PM to 6 AM. The day equivalents during the study period
were in the range between 48.4 to 60.9 dB (A), whereas the night equivalents were in the
range of 41.5 to 51.3 dB (A). From the results it can be seen that the day equivalents and
the night equivalents were within the AAQ standards in respect of Noise (2000).
Soil Quality
A total of 5 soil samples were collected from different locations within the study area. The
sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions representing various
land use conditions and geological features. From the analysis of soil samples, it is
Page | 18
identified that in the study area, the pH values vary from 7.26 to 7.61, the Organic Carbon
varies from 1.26 to 1.31 %, the available Nitrogen varies from 292 to 396 kg/ha, the
available Phosphorus varies from 30.5 to 40.3 kg/ha, and the available Potassium varies
from 168 to 224 kg/ha.
Ecological Environment
Survey of Ecology and Biodiversity of the proposed Common Bio-Medical Waste

Treatment Facility was carried out during pre monsoon season. A detailed study was done
within 10 km radius area of the project site which includes, primary data generation
through systematic studies to understand baseline ecological status, fauna structure and
important floristic elements, collection of secondary data from forest department.
Animal species observed during the survey among the mammals were rhesus monkeys,
squirrels, rats, bandicoots and mongoose. Among the reptiles garden lizards, mabuia and
snakes were observed commonly. The amphibians were seen frequently in and around the
water bodies. Among the birds were Crows, Doves, Sparrow, Egrets, Kingfisher, Eagle,
Duck, Lesser Adjutant Storks, Open bill stork, Indian roller, Parakeet, Drongo and Mynas,
etc were observed.
Except few Reserved Forests, there are no National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere
Reserves and Important Bird Areas (IBA) within the study area. There are no reports of
occurrence of any rare or endangered or endemic or /threatened (RET) fauna in the study
area. None of the species reported or recorded from the study area placed in Schedule I of
the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
Socio-Economic Environment
The socio-economic study covers villages in the 10 km radius of proposed Common

Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility. The socio-economic study further categorizes the
villages into 3 zones, namely Core Zone (0 to 2 km radius), Buffer Zone (2 km to 5 km)
and other villages which are in 5 to 10 km distance from the proposed site. The baseline
study adopted a two-fold methodology for data collection, namely, review of published
secondary data and collection of primary data. Secondary data was collected from district
census statistics of 2011, which includes demography, occupational structure, literacy
profile and social structure etc.
Page | 19
The literacy rate among scheduled caste in Barpeta stands at 62.96% percent in 2001,
where male literacy was 74.19% and female literacy was 50.80%. In rural areas, it was
59.73% and in urban areas, it was 85.35% in 2001.
Barpeta district is a socio- economically backward district consisting of two subdivisions-

Barpeta and Bajali. There are eleven community development blocks, 129 gaon
panchayats, Total 851 villages among which 834 inhabited villages, 1 Zila Parishad, 11
Anchalik Parishad , two municipal board, four town committees, one census town, and
one revenue town. There are eight revenue circles in the district. The total number of
household is 292924 where 268986 are in rural areas & 23938 are in urban areas. The
density of population is 508 and sex ratio is 941. The community development blocks are :
1. Gobardhana CD Block
2. Bajali C.D Block
3. Chakchaka C.D Block
4. Bhawanipur C.D Block
5. Paka Betbari C.D Block
6. Sarukhetri C.D Block
7. Rupshi C.D Block
8. Barpeta C.D Block
9. Mandia C.D. Block
10. Gomafulbari C.D Block
11. Chenga C.D Block
12. Jalah C.D Block
The socio-economic study revealed that the youth in the project area are devoid of
employment opportunities. They can be a potential source of workers with minimum
handholding and vocational education skills. The youth have expressed their willingness to
setting up of industries in the area as it provides them gainful employment opportunities.
Similarly, this would also trigger many direct and indirect benefits for economic
advancement and social development of project area.
The study also noted an active presence of women groups in the project area villages.
Many of these groups are acting as micro-finance entities, rotating small amount of loans
among the group members.
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3. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
The potential impacts on the environment from the proposed project are identified based
on the nature of the various activities associated with the project implementation and
project operations (impacts during construction phase and operation phase).
Impacts during Construction Phase
Construction phase works include site clearance, site formation, building works,
infrastructure provision and any other infrastructure activities. The impacts due to
construction activities are short term and are limited to the construction phase. The
impacts will be mainly on air quality, water quality, soil quality and socio-economics.
Impacts during Operation Phase
During the operation phase of the proposed project there would be impacts on air
environment, water environment, land environment and noise environment. The expected
impact, impact zones and management plan are given below.
Table ES.1. Air Environment (Construction/Operation Phase)
Sl. Expected Impact Impact Zones Management Plan

No.
1 No impacts on air Without proper Air Air Pollution Control
Environment expected. Pollution Control Devices (APCDs) including
Main sources of air Devices (APCDs) for quencher, high pressure
pollution: treatment of Flue gas venture scrubber, activated
 Point source from the incinerator, carbon system, wet alkaline
Emissions from impact may be felt in the scrubber etc. to comply with
Incinerator and immediate surroundings emission standards
DG Set. of the Proposed facility. prescribed in BMW
 Line source Considering that the Management Rules, 2016.
emissions from Proposed APCDs are in Also, the incinerator will be
vehicular place, the maximum provided with a 30m high
Movement. ground level stack.
concentrations of 24-
If untreated air is let out hour average PM, SO2, The emissions from the DG
From the incinerator, and NOx were predicted. sets are minimal since they
there may be increase in The overall scenario will be operated only During
concentrations of with predicted power failures.
particulate matter, concentrations over the
SO2, NOx in the maximum baseline All the vehicles will be
ambient air. concentrations were regularly serviced and
compared with National Maintained properly to
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No.
Ambient Air Quality Minimize emissions.
Standards and were
found to be well All the internal roads will
within the prescribed be maintained properly to
Standards. Minimize dust generation.
Table ES.2. Water Environment (Construction/Operation Phase)

No.
1 No impact on water If wastewater is let out The treated waste water
Environment expected. without treatment, shall be continuously
Main sources of quality of nearby recirculated to fulfil water
wastewater surface water Bodies requirement of APCDs.
include: Wastewater and groundwater may
generated from vehicle/ be impacted. Storm water drains shall
container washing, floor It is proposed to be provided throughout
washing, and from maintain the proposed the facility and are
APCDs connected to facility as „Zero connected to rain water
the Incinerator. There Discharge‟ facility and collection Chamber. The rain
will not be any impact so there will not be water thus collected shall be
on water environment, any impact on water used for greenbelt, vehicle
because all the Environment. washing etc. after treatment,
wastewater will be if necessary.
treated and reused
within the facility The domestic wastewater
premises. will be sent to septic tank
followed by soak pit.
Table ES.3. Land Environment (Construction/Operation Phase)

No.
1 No impact on land With proper storage Waste such as incineration
environment expected. facilities and disposal ash generated in the process
Soil quality may be mechanisms, no impact of incineration shall be
affected. If incineration on Land environment stored in a separate area
ash, biomedical waste expected. under shed so as to avoid
etc. are not stored entry of rain water during
properly. No impact on the monsoon. Incineration
land environment ash shall be sent to nearest
authorized TSDF for
ultimate disposal.
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No.
Biomedical waste shall be
stored strictly as per Bio-
Medical Waste Management
Rules, 2016. In addition to
the BMW Management
Rules, 2016 and SWM
Management Rules, 2016,
CPCB circulated “Revision
2: Guidelines for Handling,
Treatment and Disposal of
Waste Generated during
Treatment/ Diagnosis/
Quarantine of COVID-19
Patients” dated 18th April,
2020.
With these measures it is

anticipated that there will
not be any impact on land
environment.
Table ES.4. Noise Environment (Construction/Operation Phase)

No
1 No significant impact Confined to the project Adequate measures for noise
on noise environment area and is expected control shall be taken at the
expected. Source of to be negligible outside design stage itself, Such as
noise in proposed the project boundary. keeping high noise
project will be from Generating equipment like
unloading of bio- pumps, motors on anti-
medical waste, vibration pads, placing the
incinerator, DG set, equipment in closed rooms.
pumps, motors etc. All the equipment/vehicles
shall be regularly
maintained.
Employees will be provided
with PPE like ear plugs,
helmets, safety shoes, etc. as
necessary.
Greenbelt will be developed
all along the boundary and
along the roads for reducing
the noise levels within the
project.
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4. Environmental Monitoring Programme
Environmental monitoring program describes the processes and activities that need to take
place to characterize and monitor the quality of the environment. Different activities
involved in the proposed project and their impact on various environmental attributes have
been taken into account while designing a detailed environmental monitoring program.
Environmental monitoring program has been prepared for the proposed project for
assessing the efficiency of implementation of Environment Management Plan and to take
corrective measures in case of any degradation in the surrounding environment. Results of
monitoring will be reviewed, analyzed statistically and submitted to concerned authorities.
Environmental Monitoring Program includes: (i) continuous online monitoring of the

incinerator stack emission for flue gas parameters, (ii) incinerator stack emission
monitoring to ensure compliance with emission standards, (iii) ambient air quality
monitoring, (iv) analysis of treated wastewater, especially in case of discharge, (v) periodic
monitoring of incineration ash and ETP sludge, (vi) other parameters as prescribed in
Consent for Operation (CFO) etc.
5. Additional Studies
The principal objective of the risk assessment study is to identify and quantify the major
hazards and the risk associated with various operations of the proposed project, which may
lead to emergency consequences (disasters) affecting the public safety and health. Based on
this information, an emergency preparedness plan is to be prepared to mitigate the
consequences. The approach involves hazards identification, hazards assessment and
evaluation, developing Disaster Management Plan (DMP).
Some of the preventive safety measures to be taken to minimize the risk of accident with
respect to Technical Safety, Organizational Safety and Personal Safety are listed below:
 All reasonably practicable measures to minimize the risk of such accident in

compliance with the legal obligation under the relevant safety.
 All building plans and installations to be as per relevant acts and duly approved by
competent government authorities.
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 Treatment equipment to be designed by qualified and experienced professionals and

fabricated to applicable national / international codes with stage wise inspection.
 Entire processes to be operated by trained workers and to be looked after by
qualified & experienced supervisors.
 Safety features such as fire extinguishers, fire hydrant system and suitable Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) to be provided. Regular operations and testing of fire
extinguishers to be carried out.
 Use of flameproof electrical and equipment.
 Bio medical waste to be stored separately to confine any spillage and facilitate easy
collection.
 Periodic inspection and testing equipment, machineries and equipment to be done.
 Training of workers and Staff to be given for safe waste, fire fighting, first aid and
integrating safety, in all activities.
 Periodic health check up for employees as per factories act during joining and once
in six months shall be done.
 Good housekeeping in premises to be ensured.
 Accident / Incident reporting system and information of employees about the same
to be done for better awareness.
 Suitable notices / boards to be displayed at several locations indicating appropriate
hazards warning as well as DOs and DON‟Ts for ensuring operational and personal
Safety for information of workers / staff and visitors.
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like goggles, safety shoes, helmet, apron,
earplugs, facemask & clothing to be provided to employees as per the job
requirements.
6. Project Benefits
The contribution of the proposed facility to health care establishments in their bio-medical
waste management is expected to be significant. Expected project benefits include: (i) better
management of bio-medical waste, (ii) reduction of pollution load on environment, (iii)
ensure compliance with applicable rules (Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016),
Reduced environmental liability for health care establishments, (v) employment
opportunities (vi) ensure COVID 19 compliance to CPCB guidelines, etc.
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7. Environment Management Plan
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable

development of the plant area and the surroundings. The EMP aims to control pollution
at the source level to the possible extent with the available and affordable technology
followed by the standard treatments before getting discharged.
The proposed incinerator shall be equipped with all necessary Air Pollution Control
Devices (APCDs) including quencher, high pressure venturi scrubber, wet alkaline
scrubber etc. to comply with prescribed emission norms. Necessary precautions shall be
taken to minimize odour and noise. Wastewater generated from the incineration plant and
from floor washing/vehicle and container washing shall be treated in Effluent Treatment
Plant (ETP). Treated wastewater shall be reused to meet the water requirement of
APCDs. Ash generated from the incineration plant and sludge generated from the ETP
shall be transported to nearest TSDF for final disposal. Minimum 33% of the total plot
area shall be developed as greenbelt as per CPCB guidelines.
Summary Environment Management actions during construction phase will comprise

the following:
 Ensuring zero environment and safety incidences on the site
 Compliance of Environmental Clearance and other statutory permissions,
communication of the same to statutory agencies during construction phase
 Drafting the contract document with contractors, ensuring site environment and
safety responsibility clearly spelt out with frequency and mode of reporting, and
penalty and encouragement clauses
 Proper barricading extent for any activity in the construction zone
 Medical attention in case of any injury
 Zero environmental and safety incidences while unloading, storage, site fabrication,
erection and commission of all hardware
 To ensure that all utilities (power, water, sewage evacuation, storm water, etc.) are
made available in an environmentally acceptable and safe manner at the battery
limit of the construction site
 To ensure good construction practices and environmental safeguards during
construction activities
 Implementation of fire safety plan, working at heights plan, excavation plan, lock
and tag out plan, confined space entry plan, machine guarding, power tools safety,
Page | 26
electrical safety, ergonomics, availability of PPE, medical evacuation preparedness,

availability of portable fire extinguishers stocking of first aid boxes, maintenance of
labor amenities.
 Maintenance of Work place safety guidelines by MHA for containment of spread of
COVID 19.
Summary Environment Management actions during operation phase will comprise the
following.
 Training of the healthcare facilities (generators of Bio-medical waste) in proper
segregation of BMW at source in accordance with BMW Rules, 2016
 Collection of wastes in accordance with bar coded bags, ensuring proper segregation
of wastes according to color codes
 Adherence of all provision of the BMW Rules, 2016
 Proper SOPs for logistics operations pertaining to collecting vehicles operation,
rounds to collect all wastes in most trip- economy manner
 Adherence to system for receipt of waste and incoming storage, receipt, tagging/bar
code reading, storage and timely forwarding of the waste for treatment
(incineration/autoclaving)
 Proper vehicle fleet maintenance and management, cleaning and upkeep.
 All statutory compliances (CTO and EC conditions from competent authorities)
 Prompt response to any offsite loss of containment of wastes (site of
generation/collection and transportation)
 Statutorily compliant operation of the installed treatment hardware in the
CBMWTSDF, proper maintenance, upkeep and preventive maintenance of the
hardware Proper operation of ETP and scrubber
 Maintenances of records in accordance with BMW Rules, 2016
 Disposal of COVID 19 related biomedical wastes as per CPCB guidelines.
 Stocking of scrubbing medium and coagulation compounds
 Coordinate with the Incinerator and Autoclave Operator for monthly pollution
monitoring from 3rd party laboratories, chemical analysis in the site laboratory to
ensure proper operation of the scrubber and ETP
 Maintain greenbelt through on-contract horticulture agency
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 Maintain overall site, storm water drains, municipal solid waste, rainwater recharge,
etc.
8. Conclusion
Baseline data was collected for various environmental components and an overall
assessment was made on the potential environmental impacts likely to arise from the
proposed Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility. Necessary pollution control
measures (along with monitoring plan) are proposed to ensure minimal impact on the
environment. Based on current knowledge on COVID-19 management and existing
practices in management of infectious waste generated in hospitals while treating viral and
other contagious diseases like HIV, H1N1, etc are followed. The management practices
will be updated if need arises in future. The proposed facility offers huge advantage to
health care establishments through efficient treatment and disposal of bio-medical waste at
a lower cost and minimizes adverse impacts on the environment.
The proposed common bio-medical waste treatment facility also reduces the stress of
individual health care establishments to have their captive treatment facilities to comply
with the regulatory norms. The facility also improves the prevailing environmental
conditions of all the health care establishments avoiding any kind of long term storage of
biomedical waste within their premises as the scope of common facility includes daily
waste collection mechanism to avoid unwanted storage and reduce its effects on the human
population as well as surrounding environment.
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Page | 29
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Prologue
According to Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules 2016, Bio-Medical Waste (BMW)

means “any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunisation of
human beings or animals or research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or
testing of biological or in health camps”.
Improper management of waste generated in health care facilities causes a direct health
impact on the community, the health care workers and on the environment. Every day,
significant amount of potentially infectious bio-medical waste is generated around the
world. Indiscriminate disposal of bio-medical waste and exposure to such waste possess
serious threat to environment and to human health and so bio-medical waste requires
specific treatment and management prior to its final disposal.
Bio-medical waste can be managed properly by ensuring proper segregation at the source,
the use of accurate packaging (leak resistant, puncture resistant and not susceptible to
degradation by cleaning agents in case the packaging is reused), appropriate colour coding,
proper in-house movement of waste (minimizing employee exposure to biomedical waste
in a workplace), designating waste storage areas and disposing through incineration or
decontamination by heating with steam under pressure in an autoclave.
As per the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, it is the duty of every occupier (a
person having control over an institution or premises) of an institution generating bio-
medical waste including a hospital, nursing home, clinic, dispensary, veterinary institution,
animal house, pathological laboratory, blood bank to take all steps to ensure that such
waste is handled without any adverse effect to human health and the environment.
The rules to be followed are as given below :

 Bio-medical waste shall not be mixed with other waste.
 Bio-medical waste shall be segregated into container/ bags at the point of
generation as per their respective categories.
Page | 30
 Untreated biomedical waste shall be transported only in such vehicles as may be

authorized for the purpose by the competent authority as specified by the
government. Every occupier shall make an application to the prescribed authority
for grant of Authorization.
 No untreated bio-medical waste shall be kept stored beyond a period of 48hours.
 Every occupier shall maintain records related to generation, collection, reception,
storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of bio-medical waste.
 Records shall be maintained related to generation, collection, reception, storage,
transportation, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste
 The source of biomedical waste is categorized into two forms:
Major Sources
 Hospitals/Nursing Homes/ Dispensaries
 Primary health centers
 Medical colleges and research centers / paramedic services
 Veterinary colleges and animal research centers
 Blood banks/mortuaries/autopsy centers
 Animal houses/slaughter houses
 Biotechnology institutions
 Production units
Minor Sources
 Physicians/ dental clinics
 Blood donation camps
 Vaccination centers
1.2 Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF)
It may not be possible for small nursing homes, dispensaries, clinical laboratories and other
small organizations or individual medical professionals to carry out treatment and disposal
of bio-medical waste generated as per the methods prescribed in the rules on their own. It is
not economical for even bigger hospitals to have their own treatment facilities.
Page | 31
Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility plays an important role to curb the
infectious diseases that spreads from the hospital waste without proper treatment. The
concern about disposal of infectious wastes generated by the hospitals is increasing rapidly
due to the fear of the spread of viruses such as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) and Hepatitis B. These wastes (bio-medical wastes generated from health care
establishments) present a high risk of causing potential damage to the human health and
the environment by way of spreading. To prevent the spread of such infectious wastes that
finds its genesis in bio-medical wastes (from hospitals, clinics, laboratories, dispensaries
etc.) a scientific approach is required. It is essential that professionally trained personnel
should handle the wastes and that the wastes should be disposed scientifically.
Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) is providing services to Health

Care Units for collection of bio-medical wastes for its final disposal to their site. Bio-
Medical Waste Management Rules 2016, stipulates that occupier of every organization
generating bio-medical waste (as defined in the rules) must manage bio-medical waste as
prescribed in the rules such that it does not cause any harm to the environment.
As per the rules, a color coding for containers/ bag for disposal of Biomedical Waste is
defined which is given below:
Table 1.1. New Updated Color Coding for Bio-Medical Waste Management -2016
(as per Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016)
SCHEDULE I [See rules 3 (e), 4(b), 7(1), 7(2), 7(5), 7 (6) and 8(2)] Part 1 Biomedical wastes categories and their
segregation, collection, treatment, processing and disposal options
Category Type of Waste Type of Bag or Treatment and Disposal

Container to be Option to be adopted at the
used proposed CBWTF
Yellow (a) Human Anatomical Waste: Yellow coloured Incineration or Plasma
Human tissues, organs, body non-chlorinated Pyrolysis or deep burial
parts and fetus below the plastic bags
viability period (as per the
Medical Termination of
Pregnancy Act 1971, amended
from time to time).
(b)Animal Anatomical Waste :
Experimental animal
carcasses, body parts, organs,
tissues, including the waste
generated from animals used
in experiments or testing in
veterinary hospitals or
Page | 32

used proposed CBWTF
colleges or animal houses
Yellow (c) Soiled Waste: Items Incineration or Plasma
(continued) contaminated with blood, Pyrolysis or deep burial* In
body fluids like dressings, absence of above facilities,
plaster casts, cotton swabs autoclaving or micro-waving/
and bags containing residual hydroclaving followed by
or discarded blood and blood shredding or mutilation or
components. combination of sterilization
and shredding. Treated waste
to be sent for energy recovery.
(d) Expired or Discarded Yellow coloured Expired `cytotoxic drugs and
Medicines: Pharmaceutical non-chlorinated items contaminated with
waste like antibiotics, plastic bags or cytotoxic drugs to be returned
cytotoxic drugs including all containers back to the manufacturer or
items contaminated with supplier for incineration at
cytotoxic drugs along with temperature >1200 0C or to
glass or plastic ampoules, vials common bio-medical waste
etc. treatment facility or hazardous
waste treatment, storage and
disposal facility for
incineration at >12000C Or
Encapsulation or Plasma
Pyrolysis at >12000C. All other
discarded medicines shall be
either sent back to
manufacturer or disposed by
incineration
Yellow (e) Chemical Waste: Chemicals Yellow coloured Disposed of by incineration or
(continued) used in production of containers or Plasma Pyrolysis or
biological and used or non-chlorinated Encapsulation in hazardous
discarded disinfectants. plastic bags waste treatment, storage and
disposal facility.
(f) Chemical Liquid Waste : After resource recovery, the
Liquid waste generated due to Separate chemical liquid waste shall be
use of chemicals in production collection pre-treated before mixing with
of biological and used or system leading other wastewater. The
discarded disinfectants, Silver to effluent combined discharge shall
X-ray film developing liquid, treatment conform to the discharge
discarded Formalin, infected system norms given in Schedule- III.
secretions, aspirated body
fluids, liquid from laboratories
and floor washings, cleaning,
house-keeping and
disinfecting activities etc.
Page | 33

used proposed CBWTF
(g) Discarded linen, Non-chlorinated Non- chlorinated chemical
mattresses, beddings yellow plastic disinfection followed by
contaminated with blood or bags or suitableincineration or Plazma
body fluid. packing Pyrolysis or for energy
material. recovery. In absence of above
facilities, shredding or
mutilation or combination of
sterilization and shredding.
Treated waste to be sent for
energy recovery or
incineration or Plazma
Pyrolysis
Yellow (h) Microbiology, Autoclave safe Pre-treat to sterilize with non
continued) Biotechnology and other plastic bags or chlorinated chemicals on-site
clinical laboratory waste: containers as per National AIDS Control
Blood bags, Laboratory Organisation or World Health
cultures, stocks or specimens Organisation guidelines
of microorganisms, live or thereafter for Incineration.
attenuated vaccines, human
and animal cell cultures used
in research, industrial
laboratories, production of
biological, residual toxins,
dishes and devices used for
cultures.
Red Contaminated Waste Red coloured Autoclaving or micro-waving/
(Recyclable): (a) Wastes non-chlorinated hydroclaving followed by
generated from disposable plastic bags or shredding or mutilation or
items such as tubing, bottles, containers combination of sterilization
intravenous tubes and sets, and shredding. Treated waste
catheters, urine bags, syringes to be sent to registered or
(without needles and fixed authorized recyclers or for
needle syringes) and energy recovery or plastics to
vaccutainers with their diesel or fuel oil or for road
needles cut) and gloves. making, whichever is possible.
Plastic waste should not be
sent to landfill sites.
White Waste sharps including Puncture proof, Autoclaving or Dry Heat
(Transluc Metals: Needles, syringes with Leak proof, Sterilization followed by
ent) fixed needles, needles from tamper proof shredding or mutilation or
needle tip cutter or burner, containers. encapsulation in metal
scalpels, blades, or any other container or cement concrete;
contaminated sharp object combination of shredding cum
that may cause puncture and autoclaving; and sent for final
cuts. This includes both used, disposal to iron foundries
Page | 34

used proposed CBWTF
discarded and contaminated (having consent to operate
metal sharps. from the State Pollution
Control Boards or Pollution
Control Committees) or
sanitary landfill or designated
concrete waste sharp pit
Blue (a) Glassware: Broken or Cardboard boxes Disinfection (by soaking the
discarded and contaminated with blue washed glass waste after
glass including medicine vials coloured cleaning with detergent and
and ampoules except those marking Sodium Hypochlorite
contaminated with cytotoxic treatment) or through
wastes. autoclaving or microwaving or
hydroclaving and then sent for
recycling.
(b) Metallic Body Implants Cardboard boxes
with blue
colored marking
* Disposal by deep burial is permitted only in rural or remote areas where there is no access to common bio-
medical waste treatment facility. This will be carried out with prior approval from the prescribed authority and as
per the Standards specified in Schedule-III. The deep burial facility shall be located as per the provisions and
guidelines issued by Central Pollution Control Board from time to time.
The concept has been tested and proven world over is the most prevalent technology. The
facilities comprise in general of an incinerator, autoclave, shredder, containerized transport
vehicles transport equipment and supporting infrastructure for effective management of
bio-medical waste without any impact to the human health and/or the environment. The
company offers high quality un-interrupted services at competitive prices.
Table 1.2. Categories of Bio-Medical waste with Treatment and Disposal Options
Option Waste Category Treatment & Disposal
Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste Incineration / deep burial

(human tissues, organs, body parts)
Category No. 2 Animal Waste Incineration/ deep burial
(animal tissues, organs, body parts,
carcasses, bleeding parts, fluid, blood and
experimental animals used in research, waste
generated by veterinary hospitals, colleges,
discharge from hospitals, animal houses)
Category No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste Local autoclaving/
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Option Waste Category Treatment & Disposal
(Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks or microwaving/ incineration

micro-organisms live or vaccines, human and
animal cell culture used in research and
infectious agents from research and
industrial laboratories, wastes from
production of biology, toxins, dishes and
devices used for transfer of cultures)
Category No. 4 Waste Sharps Disinfection (chemical
(needles, syringes, scalpels, blades, glass, etc. treatment)/ autoclaving /
that may cause puncture and cuts. This microwaving and mutilation/
includes both used and unused sharps) shredding
Category No. 5 Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic drugs Incineration/ destruction and
(Waste comprising of outdated, drugs disposal in secured
contaminated and discarded medicines) landfills
Category No. 6 Soiled Waste Incineration/ autoclaving/
(items contaminated with blood, and body microwaving
fluids including cotton, dressings, soiled
plaster casts, lines, bedding, other material
contaminated with blood)
Category No. 7 Solid Waste Disinfection by chemical
(Waste generated from disposal items other treatment/ autoclaving/
than the sharps such tubings, catheters, microwaving and
intravenous sets etc.) mutilation/shredding
Category No. 8 Liquid Waste Disinfection by chemical
(Waste generated from laboratory and treatment and discharge into
washing, cleaning, housekeeping and drains
disinfecting activities)
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash Disposal in municipal landfill
Ash from incineration of any bio-medical
waste)
Category No. 10 Chemical Waste Chemical treatment and
(Chemicals used in production of biology, discharge into drains for
chemicals used in production of biology, liquids and secured landfill for
chemicals used in disinfection, as solids
insecticides, etc.)
Page | 36
Figure 1.1. Colour coding and Type of Container for Disposal of Biomedical waste
1.3. Purpose of Report
The management of bio-medical waste is of serious concern since biological, chemical and
radioactive pollutants present in the biomedical waste causes environmental problems,
unpleasant smell, growth and multiplication of vectors like insects, rodents and worms
which may ultimately lead to the transmission of diseases like typhoid, cholera, hepatitis,
etc. while it could lead to AIDS and other similar diseases through injuries from
contaminated syringes and needles. Emissions from Incinerators and open burning also
lead to exposure to harmful gases which can cause cancer and respiratory diseases. Hence
it becomes the primary responsibility of Health administrators to manage hospital waste in
the most safe and ecofriendly manner.
Subsequent amendments included Common Bio Medical Waste treatment facilities into
EIA Notification vide activity under Schedule 7 (da), and category “B” as per Gazette No.
S.O. 1142(E) dated 17th April, 2015. According to this notification, the bio-medical waste
treatment facility is categorized under the Item 7 (d) (a) in the schedule, requiring
„environmental clearance‟ from the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority
(SEIAA)/ State Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC). The SEIAA has given TOR vide its
Memo No.SEIAA.1178/2020/TOR/22 dated 29.02.2020. The present application is
towards seeking Environmental Clearance for the proposed Common Bio-Medical Wastes
Page | 37
treatment in Plot No. [Dag No 31; Patta No. 77], Village: Kahara Pathar, Mouza:
Bhawanipur District: Barpeta, Assam, with capacity of Total incinerator capacity of 50
kg/hr, an Autoclave: 200 lt/hour, shredder -25 kg/hr and ETP of 3 KLD.
1.4. The Project and Project Proponent
Ksepya Environment Management Private Limited has proposed a Common Biomedical

Waste Treatment Facility at Kahara Pathar village, Bhawanipur, Barpeta district, Assam
with an area of 1 bigha 18 lessa. The Facility intends to handle Biomedical Waste upto 10
Ton per day (Incinerator 6 Ton and Autoclave 4 Ton per day).
A group of professionals with the vision of entering into socially relevant and
environmentally conscious areas joined hands to promote Ksepya Environment
Management Private Limited. in order to set-up a Common Bio Medical Waste
Treatment Facility (CBWTF) under the BMW Rules. Moreover, CPCB circulated
“Guideline for handling, treatment, disposal of waste generated during Treatment /
Diagnosis / Quarantine of COVID 19 patients, regs”. Vide letter No. F.No.B-
31011/BMW(94)/2020/WM-I dated 18th March, 2020 need to be practiced. In the
present COVID 19 scenario and after the CPCB‟s guidelines, Ksepya’s initiative for a
CBWTF for collection, transportations, treatment and disposal of Bio Medical Waste
generated by different healthcare units in Barpeta and other districts within 150 km
radius. The team and promoters of treatment of Biomedical waste have vast experience
of 15 years in the field of clinical diagnostics. The vision of Ksepya Environment
Management Private Limited has always been to be the conscious & effective contributor
in the field of waste management and has envisioned the concept of common bio-medical
waste treatment facility. Ksepya Environment Management Private Limited will
provide Waste Solutions to its clients with a complete bio medical waste disposal
solution using the best technology methods.
Proponent: Ksepya Environment Management Private Limited.

CIN NO. - U90001AS2019PTC019132
PAN NO. - AAHCK57148
TAN NO. - SHLK02860E
UBIN - AA28853/AAHCK57148B/08/2019
Page | 38
Registered Office:
Ksepya Environment Management Private Limited.
HELANARPAM, P.O. HOWLY, BARPETA, PIN- 781361, Assam.
Contact Details: Mr. Golam Mustafa Kamal

Phone no.: 7002213959, 9707846467
Email id: golammostafa072@gmail.com
1.5. Environment Consultant
M/s SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LIMITED established by

experienced environmental and related experts, provides specialized services in the field of
Environment and Pollution Control for Hazardous Waste Management, Environmental
Monitoring, Integrated Environmental Services and other related fields. Our transparent
and professional approach, commitment to excellent quality and service, timely deliveries
have contributed to create a name in the field of environment.
M/s SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LIMITED. is (QCI/NABET

Registered List of Accredited Consultant Organizations and an ISO 9001:2008, ISO
14001:2004 & OHSAS 18001: 2007 Certified Company. It is also NABL accredited
Laboratory as Per ISO/IEC 17025:2005. Registered Office is at Majra, Post Office
Dabhota, Tehsil Nalagarh Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh. We have a core group of highly
qualified experts from various fields like environment, chemistry, civil engineering,
geology, social sciences, with rich and diversified experience in the field of environment
and pollution control. The Environmental Monitoring for air, water, soil & noise has been
conducted by in-house NABL accredited laboratory.
1.6. Brief Description of Project
About the project :

Ksepya Environment Management Private Limited proposes a common Biomedical Waste
treatment Facility at Kahar pathar, Bhawanipur, Barpeta District, Assam. The proposed
facility shall provide services to hospitals, Health Centres, clinics, Dental clinics, Blood
donation camps, Mediacl distributors and other forms of healthcare units from Barpeta,
Nalbari and Bongaoigaon Districts by fielding its services in collection, transportation,
Page | 39
treatment and disposal of bio medical waste with a project cost of Rs. 48 lacs. The facility
shall follow the rules of Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016 and subsequent
amendments. The proponent had applied for Terms of References for Common
Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility in SEIAA, Assam on 18.02.2020 under the Schedule
of activity 7(d) (a), category “B”. The Term of References has been granted for capacity of
Incinerators of total capacity 50 kg/hr, an Autoclave: 200 lt/hour, shredder -25 kg/hr and
ETP of 3 KLD. The power requirement will be 25 kva and will be sourced from APDCL.
100% DG back facility will be provided that will meet the emission standards of CPCB.
The project was appraised for TOR by SEAC vide its meeting held on 18.02.2020 and then
the TOR was issued vide Memo No.SEIAA.1178/2020/TOR/22 dated 29.02.2020.
Land is given on lease for 30 year to Ksepya Environment Management Private Limited
from 01.09.2019 to 30.08.2049.
Table 1.3. Project Details
S.no Parameters Description

Plot No. [Dag No 31; Patta No. 77],
1 Location of
Gaon Panchayat - 106 No Kalibari / Bhawanipur
proposed facility
Anchalik Panchayat
Village: Kahara Pathar,
Mouza: Bhawanipur
District: Barpeta,
Assam
Lat: 26.471 786 N

Long: 91.101 706 E
2 Area 1 bigha and 18 lechas
3 Category of project 7 (d) (a) Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facilities.
4 Proposed capacity of The proposed project has been designed to treat BMW
plant & equipments. Proposed Equipment
 Incinerator- 50 kg/hr
 Autoclave – 200 litres/hr
 Shredder - 25 kg/hr
 ETP of 3KLD
5 Estimated capital cost Rs. 48 lacs and the land is on a lease for 30 years
The proposed activities of the project will be as follows:
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● Collection
● Transportation
● Storage
● Treatment
 Incineration,
 Autoclaving, &
 Shredding
● Final Disposal
1.7. The Assignment & Scope of this Report
The scope of the study is to carry out the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
studies to identify, predict and evaluate potential environmental and socio-economic
impacts which may result from the proposed Common Bio-Medical Waste Management
Facility and to develop suitable Environment Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate the
undesirable effects. Specific activities are :
● To Determine the status of current environmental parameters

This study involves assessment of present environment and ecology, flora and fauna,
climate, land use, socio-economic condition of the area, monitoring of atmospheric
pollutants like air, water, noise and meteorological parameters. Studies in this respect were
carried out in core zone (i.e. project area) as well as in buffer zone (area covering 10 km
radius from the project) as per the guidelines of TOR Granted.
● To Assess, categorise, quantify and mitigate probable significant environmental

impacts (considering alternate assignments if necessary, baseline scenario and public
opinion). In order to predict the expected impact of processes and activities of the project
on various environmental factors, a detailed study of interrelationship of project activities
and environmental factors has been carried out in this report.
● To prepare detailed Environmental Management Plan (EMP) along with cost for the
same
o Air Quality & Air Pollution control measures.
Page | 41
o Water management Scheme

o Noise Management
o Soil Pollution Control Measures
o Mitigation of adverse impacts on land use
o Socio-economics
o Flora & Fauna
o Ground water
o Solid Waste Management
o Risk Hazard Management
o Hydrology & Geology
 Development of post project environmental monitoring program.
The EIA/EMP report is prepared as per the generic structure of environmental impact
assessment document given in EIA notification dated 14th September 2006 (and its
subsequent amendments), standard TOR given for EIA/EMP report for projects/
activities requiring environmental clearance under EIA notification 2006 and additional
TOR given by SEIAA for this project.
1.8. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework
The 1972 United Nation (UN) Conference on Human Development at Stockholm

emphasized the need for a well-developed legal mechanism to conserve resources, protect
the environment and ensure the health and well-being of the people in India. Over the
year, the government of India has formulated several policies and circulated a number of
Acts, Rules and notifications with an objective to manage and protect the environment.
As a result, India now has a comprehensive set of environmental legislation intended to
ensure that the development process meets the overall objective of promoting
sustainability in the long run. The nodal environmental regulatory agency in India is the
Ministry of Environment Forest Climate Change (MoEF&CC), New Delhi. MoEF&CC
formulate environmental policies and accords environmental clearances for different
projects. The project conforms to the requirements of the Environment Protection Act
(EPA), 1986. The Environmental Clearance has been undertaken in accordance with the
Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2006 and its subsequent
Page | 42
amendments. The current project will be guided by various National acts, Rules and
Policies.
Relevant National Environmental, Health & Safety, Worker Welfare Legislations

applicable for the project :
Table 1.4. Applicable Laws and Regulations

Sl Legislation/Law/A Objective Applicability
N ct/Amendment
o.
1 Bio Medical Waste Applicable
Management Rules
- 2016
2 Legislations The An EIA can be seen as a process of Applicable
environmental identifying, predicting, and evaluating
impact the likely environmental,
assessment (EIA) socioeconomic, cultural and other
notification, 2006 impacts of a proposed project or
and its development to define mitigation
amendments. actions for the same.
3 The Environment Provide the protection and Applicable to
(Protection) act improvement of environment and for project
1986, Amended in matters connected there with.
1991 and Rules
1986.
4 National An Act to provide for the The act is
Environment establishment of a National applicable in
Appellate Authority Environment Appellate Authority to case of
Act, 1997. hear appeals with respect to restriction malpractice
of areas in which any industries, carried out on
operations or processes or class of the project
industries, operations or processes site during
shall not be carried out or shall be construction
carried out subject to certain or operation
safeguards under the Environment phase which
(Protection) Act, 1986 and for matters can inversely
connected therewith or incidental affect
thereto. Environment
Applicable to
project in
both
construction
and operation
phase
5 The Wild Life Protection of wild animals, birds and Applicable to
(protection) plants and for matters connected this project
act, 1972, as therewith or ancillary or incidental
Amended in thereto with a view to ensuring the
Page | 43

N ct/Amendment
o.
1993 and rules ecological and environmental security
1995. of the country.
6 The forest Cutting of trees Applicable to
(Conservation) Act, this project
1980 as amended in
1988.
7 Air (Prevention and To provide for the prevention and Applicable to
Control of control of air pollution. project in
Pollution) Act, both
1981, Amended construction
1987. and Rules and operation
1982, 1983
8 Water (Prevention To provide for the prevention and Applicable to
and Control of control of water pollution and project in
Pollution) Act, enhancing the quality of water. both
1974 and Rules construction
1975 as Amended and operation
up to 1988.
9 Water (Prevention This Act provides for a levy and Applicable to
and Control of collection of a cess on water consumed project
Pollution) Cess by industries and local authorities.
Act, 1977.
11 Ambient Air Bench mark standards for Ambient air Applicable to
Quality Standards, quality. project in
1998. both
construction
and operation
12 Ambient Noise Benchmark standards for Ambient Applicable to
Standards, 2000. Noise. project in
both
construction
and operation
13 Water Quality Bench marks for Water Quality. Applicable to
Standards. 1. CPCB general standards 1986 project in
2. CPCB tolerance classification 1982 both
3. Drinking Water construction
standards: IS 10500:2012 and operation
14 Solid Wastes Applicable to
(Management and project in
Handling) Rules, both
2000 construction
and operation
15 Guidelines for Applicable to
handling, treatment project in
and disposal of CO both
VID-19 waste 2020 construction
and operation
16 Hazardous Wastes Assessment of hazardous materials Applicable to
Page | 44

N ct/Amendment
o.
(Management and and management. project in
Handling) Rules, both
1989, 2016 construction
and operation
phase
17 Public Liability Applicable to project Applicable to
Insurance Act project
(PLIA), 1991,
Amended in 1992
and Associated
Rules.
18 Factories Act, 1948 Consolidate and amend the law Applicable to
and its Amendment regulating labour in factories. project
in 1987.
19 Child Labour Prohibit the engagement of children in Applicable to
(Prohibition and all occupations and to prohibit the project
Regulation) Act, engagement of adolescents in
2000. hazardous occupations and processes
and the matters connected therewith
or incidental thereto.
20 Biological Diversity Provide for the conservation of Applicable to
Act 2002 biological diversity, sustainable use of project
and Rules 2004. its components, and fair an arising out
of the sued of biological resources,
knowledge and for matters connected
therewith or incidental thereto.
21 Employer's Liability Provides scenarios in which the Applicable to
Act, 1938 (as employer may or may not have to take project
Amended). liability for certain accidents and
damages faced by employees.
22 Minimum Wages Purports to achieve to prevent Applicable to
Act, 1948 exploitation of labour and that purpose project
(Amended). the authorities under Act have been
empowered to take steps to prescribe
minimum rates of wages in certain
employments where labour is ignorant
or less organized.
1.8. Duties of Operator:

Duties of the operator of a common bio-medical waste treatment and disposal facility- It
shall be the duty of every operator to -
A. Take all necessary steps to ensure that the bio-medical waste collected from the
occupier is transported, handled, stored, treated and disposed of, without any
adverse effect to human health and the environment, in accordance with these rules
Page | 45
and guidelines issued by the Central Government or, as the case may be, the central
pollution control board from time to time;
B. Ensure timely collection of bio-medical waste from the occupier as prescribed under
these rules;
C. Establish bar coding and global positioning system for handling of bio- medical
waste within one year;
D. Inform the prescribed authority immediately regarding the occupiers which are not
handing over the segregated bio-medical waste in accordance with these rules;
E. Provide training for all its workers involved in handling of bio-medical waste at the
time of induction and at least once a year thereafter;
F. Assist the occupier in training conducted by them for biomedical waste
management;
G. Undertake appropriate medical examination at the time of induction and at least
once in a year and immunize all its workers involved in handling of bio-medical
waste for protection against diseases, including Hepatitis B and Tetanus, that are
likely to be transmitted while handling bio-medical waste and maintain the records
for the same;
H. Ensure occupational safety of all its workers involved in handling of bio-medical
waste by providing appropriate and adequate personal protective equipment;
I. Report major accidents including accidents caused by fire hazards, blasts during
handling of biomedical waste and the remedial action taken and the records relevant
thereto, to the prescribed authority and also along with the annual report;
J. Maintain a log book for each of its treatment equipment according to weight of
batch; categories of waste treated; time, date and duration of treatment cycle and
total hours of operation;
K. Allow occupier, who are giving waste for treatment to the operator, to see whether
the treatment is carried out as per the rules;
L. Shall display details of authorization, treatment, annual report etc on its web-site;
M. After ensuring treatment by autoclaving or microwaving followed by mutilation or
shredding, whichever is applicable, the recyclables from the treated bio-medical
wastes such as plastics and glass, shall be given to recyclers having valid consent or
authorization or registration from the respective State Pollution Control Board or
Pollution Control Board;
Page | 46
N. Supply non-chlorinated plastic coloured bags to the occupier on chargeable basis, if

required;
O. Common bio-medical waste treatment facility shall ensure collection of biomedical
wasteon holidays also;
P. Maintain all records for operation of incineration, hydro or autoclaving for a period
of five years;
Q. If required , upgrade existing Incinerators to achieve the standards for retention time
in the secondary chamber and Dioxin and Furans within two years from the date of
this notification.
Page | 47
CHAPTER 2
Project Description
Page | 48
Chapter 2
Project Description
2.1 Type of Project
As per the amendment in EIA notification, 2006 vide S.O. 1142 (E) dated 17th April,
2015, the Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility projects fall under Category „B‟ as
activity 7(da). The proponent proposed a new Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment
Facility at Kahar Pathar, Bhawanipur, Barpeta, Assam. The proposed facility will
involve a range of activities, such as collection, transportation, operation or treatment or
processing of the biomedical waste and disposal of wastes.
2.2 Need for Project
Hospital Waste Management is a part of hospital hygiene and maintenance activities.

This involves management of a range of activities, which are mainly engineering
functions, such as collection, transportation, operation or treatment of processing
systems, and disposal of wastes. The Centralized system of waste management is the best
method in terms of cost reduction and minimizes legal and ethical hassles of health care
staff & authority. Through a centralized system, the hospital would feel less burden of
waste management and might devote more time on development of quality patient care.
To enable effective management and handling of the bio-medical waste, the Ministry of
Environment and Forests & Climate Change (MoEFCC) has issued formulated rules
known as the “Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016”, under the aegis of
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and its subsequent amendments.
In response to these rules, Government and Private Hospitals initiated their

arrangements for treatment and disposal of bio-medical waste. However, the smaller
nursing homes, clinics and other similar institutions which do not have or cannot afford
such facilities need alternate modalities and arrangements to dispose their waste, in
accordance with the rules.
The management of bio-medical waste is of serious concern since biological, chemical

and radioactive pollutants present in the common biomedical waste causes
Page | 49
environmental problems, unpleasant smell, growth and multiplication of vectors like

insects, rodents and worms which may ultimately lead to the transmission of diseases
like typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, etc. and AIDS through injuries from contaminated
syringes and needles. Emissions from incinerators and open burning also lead to
exposure to harmful gases which can cause cancer and respiratory diseases. Hence it
becomes the primary responsibility of Health administrators to manage hospital waste in
the most safe and ecofriendly manner.
In view of the difficulties faced by private hospitals, nursing homes and clinics that
could not make their own arrangements due to high cost involved in setting up
treatment and disposal facilities, the need for a centralized system for treatment was felt.
Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016 discouraged the setup of individual
incineration facilities by healthcare establishments.
The Project Proponent has applied for grant of EC for setting up of CBWTF in Barpeta
District. The PP shall be catering to nearby districts only.
2.2.a COVID-19 Pandemic
● In view of the emergent COVID pandemic scenario the situation has dramatically
changed and the total waste increase in generation of bio medical waste due to COVID is
alarming.
● As all the activities that were restricted during the lockdown period will resume
slowly, the number of COVID cases are also expected to rise exponentially. Therefore
keeping in view the current status, it is very much important to set CBWTF. The
proposed project will help in catering the increase in biomedical waste getting generated
due to recent pandemic situations in the country.
2.3. Project Location, Boundary and Project layout
KEMPL proposes to setup a Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility in 1 bigha

and 18 lechas, Barpeta, Assam. The google image of the proposed site is given in Figure
2.1 and Figure 2.2 presents project location on tehsil map showing distances of highway,
railway & habitat from site. Figure 2.3 shows topographical map of the project site.
Figure 2.4 presents the layout of industrial area and layout of the facility and Figure 2.5
Page | 50
distance from the water body is shown. The site photographs are presented in Figures
2.6.
Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC) notified amendment to

the EIA Notification 2006 published vide MoEFCC Notification of S.O. 1142 (E) dated
April 17, 2015. According to this notification, the bio-medical waste treatment facility is
categorized under the Item 7 (d) in the schedule, requiring „environmental clearance‟
from the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA)/ State Expert
Appraisal Committee (SEAC). The SEAC has given TOR vide its Memo
No.SEIAA.1178/2020/TOR/22 dated 29.02.2020. The salient features of the project are
given in Table 2.1 below.
Table2.1. Salient Features of the project
S.no Parameters Description
1 Village: Kahara Pathar, MOuza: Bhawanipur District:

Location Of The Project Barpeta, Assam.
Lat: 26.471 786 N
Long: 91.101 706 E
2 Area 1 bigha and 18 lechas
3 Category of Project 7 (d) (a) Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facilities.
The proposed project has been designed to treat BMW
Proposed Equipment
4 Proposed capacity of  Incinerator- 50 kg/hr
plant & equipments.  Autoclave – 200 litres/hr
 Shredder - 25 kg/hr
 ETP of 3KLD
5 Estimated capital cost Rs. 48 lacs and the land is on a lease for 30 years
Page | 51
Figure 2.1. Google image of the proposed site is given
Figure 2.2.Topographical map of the project site
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Figure 2.3.Map showing Land use of the site.
Figure 2.4. Presents the layout of industrial area and layout of the facility.
Page | 53
2.5. Distance from the water body (Pahumara River)
Figures 2.6 : The site photographs
Page | 54
Site Photographs
Page | 55
2.4. Project Description
Based on the inventorization of all the existing govt. medical hospital facilities from all
the nearby districts an estimation providing medical facilities was made. In addition to
the govt. hospitals there are large number of private medical treatment centres, Clinics,
Dental clinics, Pathological lab situated in all the nearby districts (Barpeta, Bongaigaon,
Bajali, Nalbari, Goalpara).
The proposed project is “Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility” in the

owner's land measuring 16992 sq ft. The project will include incineration, autoclaving, &
shredding facilities within the site.
The proposed BMW facility is proposed to have an incinerator of 50 kg/hr capacity in

view of the above total hospital beds available and the biomedical waste generated from
all these sources.
The project incineration has been designed to meet the operating procedures of the
biomedical treatment facility as per Bio-medical waste management Rules, 2016 and its
amendments.
Details of development
Table 2.2. Proposed land use of the project
S.No. Description Area Sq feet Sq meter Percentage

m2 %
1 Plant Area 8156.16 757.73 48
2 Green Area 5777.28 536.73 34
3 Open Area 3058.56 248.15 18

16992.00 1578.61 100
Page | 56
Figure 2.7. Pie chart of proposed land use of the project
Figure 2.8. Layout of the Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility
Page | 57
2.5 Size or Magnitude of Operation
The proposed project shall be developed for the CBWTF for the effective treatment of
the Bio-Medical waste from the hospitals and nursing homes from the surrounding area.
(The hospital waste consists of 60-65% of incinerable waste and 35% - 40% autoclavable
waste. 3 types of treatment units will be provided in common biomedical waste
management facility- Incineration, Autoclaving & Shredder.) All the components of the
proposed facility are designed to comply Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules 2016.
The components of the CBWTF are:
 Incinerator
 Autoclave
 Shredder
 Air Pollution Control Devices
 Effluent Treatment Plant
 Waste Storage Room
 Ash storage area
 Vehicle Washing area
 Treatment equipment room
 Administration Building
 Generator Set
 Site Security
 Fire Safety
 First aid box
 Greenbelt
2.5.1 Incinerator
The primary purpose of incineration is to burn the waste to ashes through a combustion
process. KEMPL intends to set up incinerator of optimum capacity at each of the
locations. The unit shall be a dual chambered incinerator.
The primary chamber‟s main purpose would be combustion of the waste materials into
safe end products (ash). The temperature of the primary chamber would be minimum
800 0C wherein wastes are completely destroyed. The primary chamber would have an
attached burner with auxiliary fuel supply to augment the fuel requirements and ensure
maintenance of temperatures. The purpose of the secondary chamber would be to burn
the off-gases and ensure safe end products (gaseous). The secondary chamber would
operate at a temperature of 10500C ± 500C and above. The gases would be completely
burnt and safe gases then shall be let out of the incinerator unit. The incinerator is
Page | 58
completely automated with control panel and continuous recording of temperatures. The
entire system is very simple and is easy to operate.
The incinerator will be equipped with air pollution control system including: quencher,
venture scrubber and wet alkali scrubber followed by ID fan with 30 m stack.
2.5.1.2 Design details of proposed Incinerator
Design, operation and emission of the incinerator shall comply the Bio-Medical Waste
Management Rules, 2016 as below.
A. Operating Standards
1) Combustion efficiency (CE) shall be at least 99%.

2) The Combustion efficiency is computed as follows:
% CO2 C.E. = -------------X100

(%CO2 + % CO)
3) The temperature of the primary chamber shall be a minimum of 800 °C and

the secondary chamber shall be minimum of 1050°C ± 50°C.
4) The secondary chamber gas residence time shall be at least two seconds.
B. Emission Standards
Table 2.3 Emission Standards
S. Parameter Standards
No. Limiting concentration Sampling Duration in minutes,
in mg/Nm3 unless unless stated
stated
1. 50 30 or 1 NM3 of sample volume,
Particulate matter whichever is more
2. Nitrogen Oxides 400 30 for online sampling or grab
NO and NO2 sample
expressed as NO2
3. HCl 50 30 or 1 NM3 of sample volume,
whichever is more.
4. Total Dioxins and 0.1ngTEQ/ Nm3 (at 8 hours or 5 NM3 of sample
Furans 11% O2) volume, whichever is more.
5. Hg and its 2 hours or 1 NM3 of sample
compounds 0.05 volume, whichever is more.
Page | 59
The design details of the proposed incinerator system is given in Table 2.4 below
Table 2.4 Design Details of proposed Incinerator
Type of Waste to be Incinerated Bio-Medical Waste

Model BMW-50 kg/hr.
Thermal Combustion
Efficiency 99 %
Primary Chamber
Mild Steel, 5 mm thickness & painted externally with
MoC heat resistant aluminum paint suitable to withstand
temperature of 250°C
Brick Lining Minimum 115 mm thickness and shall confirm to IS:8-
1983 & IS:2042-1972 and suitable for temperature up
to 1400°C
Volume of Primary Chamber 5 times the volume of one batch
Hearth Area 3.75 sq. m (0.75 sq. m/50 kg/hr)
Operating Temperature Minimum 800°C
Side & Top portion of Primary Will have rounded corners from inside to avoid
Chamber possibility of formation of black pockets/dead zones
Suction The suction at primary combustion chambers will
always be maintained at -5 mm WC and measuring
device shall be provided for measurement of the same.
Manometer Shall be provided
Manhole and ash discharge Shall be provided
doors
Raking System Manual
Thermocouple Rod TC rod K type shall be provided in primary chamber
before admission of secondary air.
Skin Temperature Less than 70 degree
Automatic Waste Feeding System
MoC Mild Steel, Thickness 5 mm
Hydraulic based waste feeding system equipped with
power pack, cylinders and 2 doors shall be provided.
This mechanism will protect from heat loss and flames
coming out of the chamber. Material to be loaded
Feeder through conveyor at the hopper of the hydraulic based
waste feeding system. Waste feeding system is
mechanized and interlocked with temperature. This
shall be provided with conveyor, conveyor belt, support
and hopper.
Oil Burner For Primary Chamber
Quantity 2 Nos.
Fuel LDO
Temperature Control Automatic
Ignition Automatic
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Blower With Motor Shall be provided

Flame View Port Shall be provided
Filter Shall be provided
Forced Draft Fan
Quantity 1 No
Type Centrifugal
MoC of Outer Body Mild steel
Balancing Dynamically and Statically
Air Flow Measuring Gauges Shall be provided
Air Supply Regulation 30% - 80% and 170% - 120% of stoichiometric amount
in primary & secondary chambers respectively.
Primary air will be admitted near/at the hearth for
better contact.
Secondary Chamber
MoC Mild Steel, 5 mm thickness
Brick Lining Minimum 115 mm thickness and shall confirm to IS:8-
1983 & IS:2042-1972 and suitable for temperature up to
1400°C
Side & Top Portion of Rounded corners from inside to avoid possibility of
Secondary Chamber formation of black pockets/dead zones
Operating Temperature 1050°C ± 50°C
Minimum Flow of the Flue Gas 0.6 m3 /sec at 1050°C, 2 second- temperature residence
in the Secondary Chamber time and turbulence
Suction Pressure Shall be provided
Measurement Device
Manhole Shall be provided
Skin Temperature Less than 70 degree
Temperature Sensor Shall be provided at the end of secondary chamber or
before admission of dilution medium to cool the gas
Burner for Secondary Chamber
Quantity 1 No.
Fuel LDO
Temperature control Automatic
Ignition Automatic
Fuel pump Shall be provided
Blower with motor Shall be provided
Sequence controller Shall be provided
Flame view port Shall be provided
Interconnecting Ducts
MoC Mild steel
Thickness 6 mm & painted externally with heat resistant
aluminum paint suitable to withstand temperature of
250°C
Refractory lining (minimum 45 mm thick) of the hot
Refractory and Insulation duct will be done with refractory castable (minimum 80
mm thick) & Insulating castable. Downstream side also
shall be provided with thick castable. Asbestos
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blanket/ceramic wool will be used at hot duct flanges &

expansion joints
Emergency Stack
Quantity 1 No.
MoC Mild steel, 6 mm thickness
Operation/Control Through dampers, in case of power failure for
emergency and will remain close during normal
operating hours
Refractory & Insulation 115 mm thick
Cyclone separator
Quantity 1 set
MoC/Thickness Mild steel/6 mm
Refractory and Insulation 115 mm Thick
Pipeline and Fittings Mild Steel
Quencher
Quantity 1 set
Type Vertical
MoC Mild steel/6 mm thick
Refractory Lining 115 mm thick
Pipeline and Fitting Shall be provided
Recirculation tank for
Quenching System Mild steel
Recirculation pump Shall be provided
Venturi Scrubber
Quantity 1 No.
Type High pressure jet with Spray Nozzles
MoC Stainless Steel grade 316 L / 5 mm
Pressure drop 350 mm WC
Water Spray Nozzles Spiral Nozzle, MoC – SS 316 L
Pipelines & Fitting Complete Water Pipeline MoC- SS 316 L
Flanges SS
Manometer Shall be provided
Outlet Temperature of Flue 70°C-80°C
Gases
Droplet Separator
Quantity 1 No.
MoC/Thickness Mild Steel/ 5 mm
Rubber Lining 3 mm Natural Hard Rubber
Baffle Shall be provided
Water Recirculation Tank for Venturi Scrubber & Droplet Separator
MoC Mild Steel
Thickness 5 mm
Water Tank Shall be provided
Water Recirculation Pump Shall be provided
Pressure Gauge Shall be provided
Caustic Tank Shall be provided
Packed Bed Scrubber with Water Tank
Quantity 1 No.
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MoC Mild Steel

Thickness 5 mm
Rubber Lining 3 mm
Nozzle Spiral Nozzle SS 316 L
Pipeline and Fitting SS
Scrubbing Media Saddles
Water Recirculation Shall be provided
Chemical Process Pump
Mist Eliminator
Quantity 1 No.
MoC Mild Steel/ 5mm
Rubber Lining 3 mm
Activated Carbon Filter
MoC Mild Steel/ 6 mm
Work To remove the hydrocarbons, oxides and odors from
the gases
pH meter with controller Suitable pH measurement and controlling system
installed on venturi scrubber inlet line and inter
connected to PLC to control the pH ≥8.0 which will
automatically cut off the unit if pH level is not within
the desired limits.
Induced Draft Fan (id fan)
Quantity 1 No.
Type Centrifugal
Static Pressure 350 mm WC
MoC of Outer body Mild Steel/ 3 mm
MoC of Impeller Stainless Steel 316 L
Balancing Dynamically & Statically
Motor Shall be provided
Drive Belt driven
Fuel Tank
Quantity 1 No.
MoC Mild Steel
Label Indicator/ Pipeline & Shall be provided
Fitting
Control Panel
Quantity 1 No.
MoC Powder Coated Pre-Wired
Tamper Proof Programmable Shall be provided
Logic Controller (PLC)
Temperature Indicator for Shall be provided
Primary & Secondary Chamber
Temperature Controller Shall be provided
Flue Gas Temperature Shall be provided
Indicator
Hooters/Alarms Audio-Video alarms shall be provided for any abnormal
Operation
Interlocking Shall be provided for safe operation
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Auto Cut off ID Fan, FD Fan In case the temperature of venturi scrubber exceeds 80
& Burners degree centigrade
Contractors, Overload Relays, Shall be provided
MCB etc.
Timer, Selector Switch, Volt Shall be provided
Meter
Structural Design As per IS: 6533-1389
Height 30 m above ground
Table 2.5 Statement on Compliance with CPCB guidelines for CBWTF incinerator
Design Parameter CPCB Guidelines Proposed Incinerator

Air Pollution Control Compulsory Complied. All necessary air pollution
Devices control devices (Quencher,
Venturi Scrubber, Wet Alkaline Scrubber,
etc.) are provided to meet the emission
standards prescribed in Bio-Medical
Waste Management Rules, 2016
Chambers Only double Complied. Dual Chamber Incinerator is
chamber proposed.
Volume of primary 5 times the volume Complied. Volume of primary chamber is
chamber of one batch proposed to be at least 5 times the
volume of one batch of bio-medical
waste.
Size of opening > size for waste bag Complied. The size of opening shall be
to be fed greater than size of the waste bags to be
fed.
Pressure gauge Mandatory Complied.
Necessary pressure gaugeswill be provided.
Double chamber Controlled air Complied. Incinerator is designed on
incinerator design incinerator principle controlled air incineration principle.
Overall design Minimum 100% Complied.
excess air Incinerator is designed considering
minimum 100% excess air.
Air supply Primary chamber: Complied.
30-80 % of
stoichiometric
amount
Flow meters on Mandatory Complied.
primary and Flow meters shall be provided as per
secondary ducting guidelines.
Pressure in incinerator Lower than ambient Complied.
pressure in Incinerator designed accordingly.
incinerator room
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Draft height of WC Minimum 1.27 to Complied.
column 2.54 of water Incinerator designed accordingly.
column
Water column Mandatory Complied.
pressure measurement Incinerator designed accordingly.
by U- tube manometer
Residence time of Minimum 2 sec Complied. Secondary chamber of the
waste in secondary incinerator designed to maintain a
chamber minimum residence time of 2 seconds.
Primary chamber :
Temperature min of 1000°C Complied.
Secondary chamber :
min of 1200°C Complied.
Minimum thickness
Refractory bricks : 115 mm; IS: 8-1983 Provided.
& IS:2042-1972
Incinerator shell Complied.
thickness Min 5 mm Incinerator designed accordingly.
Incinerator thickness Min. 250 C and
°
Complied.
temperature with outside surface Incinerator designed accordingly.
standing capacity °
temp. < 20 C
above ambient
temperature
Refractory lining of Shall be done with Complied.
hot ducts refractory castable ( Incinerator designed accordingly.
min, 45
mm thickness) and
insulating castable (
min. 80
mm thickness)
Primary chamber- Complied.
Before admission of Incinerator designed accordingly.
secondary air
Thermocouple Secondary chamber: Complied.
location at the end of Incinerator designed accordingly.
secondary
chamber or before
the admission of
dilution medium
Heat burning time Max. of 60 minutes Complied.
prior to waste charge Incinerator designed accordingly.
TOC content in slag < 3% Complied.
and bottom ash Incinerator designed accordingly
LOI <5 % of dry weight Complied.
Incinerator designed accordingly.
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Automatic switch Complied. Incinerator designed
on/off for temperature Mandatory accordingly.
control
No manual
Handling during handling/ waste Complied. Incinerator designed
charging of waste shall be charged in accordingly.
bags through
automatic feeder
system
PLC system Mandatory Complied. PLC system provided.
Emergency vent Mandatory Complied. Emergency vent shall be
provided.
Graphic or computer Mandatory Complied. Incinerator designed
recording devices accordingly
Continuous emission
monitoring system For CO, CO2 and O2 Complied. Continuous online monitoring
system shall be installed.
IS 65330-1989
Lining with min. Complied.
Structural design of 3mm thick natural
chimney/stack hard rubber Chimney designed accordingly.
IS: 4682 part I-1968
( for avoiding
corrosion )
Instruction plates at Mandatory Complied.
suitable places
Acids Acid gas scrubbers Complied. Wet Alkaline Scrubbers shall
be provided.
Catalytic converter/
high temp reaction
Oxides of nitrogen with ammonia Complied. Will be provided, if necessary.
Adsorption on
injected activated
Heavy metals carbon powder Complied. Will be provided, if necessary.
Rapid quenching/
catalyst/adsorption Complied. Sufficient capacity quencher
Dioxins by activated carbon shall be provided.
Mist Demister Complied. Demister is proposed.
Oxygen correction < Standard Complied. Oxygen correction shall be as
percentage oxygen per guidelines.
concentration (11%)
Stack height > or = 30 m above Complied. Stack height of 30 meters
requirement the ground, BMWM proposed.
rules, 2016
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Stack emission As per Emission
monitoring provision Regulations, Part-3 Complied.
(COINDS/20/1984- Stack emission monitoring provision shall
85) be ensured to be as per guidelines.
Separate monitoring
provision for dioxins
and furans
Particulate Matter,
HCl, NOx, Hg & Frequency: Once in
compounds 3 months Will be followed.
and combustion
Dioxins and furan Frequency: Once in Will be followed.
a year
Continuous emission Mandatory Complied.
monitoring system Continuous emission monitoring system is
considered in Incinerator design.
Quench/ scrubber Wastewater shall be Complied. Wastewater shall be treated in
waste management treated in-house Effluent Treatment Plant.
2.5.2 Autoclave
The primary purpose of autoclave is to sterilize/disinfect the waste with steam.

Microorganisms which contribute to infection do not survive beyond 80°C. However,
as a precaution MoEFCC has stipulated a temperature of 121° C with 15 psi pressure
and 60 min duration to ensure distribution of temperature. At this temperature and
pressure, microorganisms are completely destroyed and thus render the waste infection
free. The dis-infected waste shall then be segregated into HDPE, PP, rubber, latex,
glass and metal. The segregated materials shall then be shredded completing the
process of disinfection and ensuring non-recycling of the waste materials for medical /
food grade purposes. All the process control conditions will be as per the applicable
Bio-Medical rules.
2.5.2.1 Autoclave Features
A vacuum type (programmable) autoclave which can operate at all the specifications
mentioned by MoEFCC with a capacity to handle 2 Ton per day is proposed. The
autoclave shall have continuous and automatic recording of temperature, pressure,
date, time and batch of loading. Every batch shall be monitored with a strip chart
recorder and once in a month the spore validation test and/or spore monitoring shall
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be done. The key features of the proposed autoclave are given in Table 2.6.The typical
autoclave is shown in Figure 2.7.
Table 2.6 Proposed Features of Autoclave
Type: Vacuum Type, automatic with documentation.

Capacity: 2 Ton per day
Temperature: 121° C
Pressure: 15 psi
Time: 60 min
Automation: PLC with MMI (Man-Machine interface)
Documentation/ Recording: Computerized recording
Figure 2.7 Sterilization process
2.5.3 Shredder
A mechanical shredder to make the waste unrecognizable as medical waste shall be

installed with a required capacity of bio-medical waste. The shredder shall be properly
designed and covered to avoid spillage and dust generation. The hopper and cutting
chamber of the shredder shall be designed to accommodate the waste bag full of bio-
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medical waste. The shredder blades are highly resistant and able to shred waste sharps,
syringes, scalpels, glass vials, blades, plastics, catheters, broken ampoules, intravenous
sets/ bottles, blood bags, gloves, bandages etc. The shredder blades shall be of non-
corrosive and hardened steel.
The shredder shall be so designed and mounted so as not to generate high noise &
vibration. If hopper lid or door of collection box is opened, the shredders shall stop
automatically for safety of operator. In case of shock-loading (non-shreddable material in
the hopper), there shall be a mechanism to automatically stop the shredder to avoid any
emergency/accident. In case of overload or jamming, the shredders shall have
mechanism of reverse motion of shaft to avoid any emergency/accident.
The shredder shall have low rotational speed (maximum 50 rpm) to ensure better
gripping and cutting of the bio-medical waste. The discharge height (from discharge
pointto ground level) shall be sufficient (minimum 3 feet) to accommodate the containers
for collection of shredded material. This avoids spillage of shredded material.
Figure 2.8 Shredder
A shredder to be used for shredding bio-medical waste shall confirm to the following minimum
requirements:
1. The shredder for bio-medical waste shall be of robust design with minimum
maintenance requirement.
2. The shredder should be properly designed and covered to avoid spillage and dust
generation. It should be designed such that it has minimum manual handling.
3. The hopper and cutting chamber of the shredder should be so designed to
accommodate the waste bag full of bio-medical waste.
4. The shredder blade should be highly resistant and should be able to shred waste
sharps, syringes, scalpels, glass vials, blades, plastics, catheters, broken ampoules,
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intravenous sets/bottles, blood bags, gloves, bandages etc. It should be able to

handle/ shred wet waste, especially after microwave/ autoclave/hydroclave.
5. The shredder blade shall be of non-corrosive and hardened steel
6. The shredder should be so designed and mounted so as not to generate high noise &
vibration.
7. If the hopper lid or door of the collection box is opened, the shredder should stop
automatically for the safety of the operator.
8. In case of shock-loading (non-shreddable material in the hopper), there should be a
mechanism to automatically stop the shredder to avoid any emergency/accident.
9. In case of overload or jamming, the shredder should have a mechanism of reverse
motion of the shaft to avoid any emergency/accident.
10. The motor shall be connected to the shredder shaft through a gear mechanism, to
ensure low rpm and safety.
11. The unit shall be suitably designed for operator safety, mechanical as well as
electrical.
12. The shredder should have a low rotational speed (maximum 50 rpm). This will
ensure better gripping and cutting of the bio-medical waste.
13. The discharge height (from discharge point to ground level) shall be sufficient
(minimum 3 feet) to accommodate the containers for collection of shredded material.
This would avoid spillage of shredded material.
2.5.4 Air Pollution Control System
The gases after being burnt at 10500C ± 500C shall be run into a venturi scrubber
followed by a flooded scrubber with water quenching arrangement. The scrubber shall be
an alkaline scrubber to neutralize the gases and ensure trapping of any pollutants
escaping into the environment. The purpose of water quenching is to reduce the
temperature of the gases which are at high temperature. The clean gases are let out into
the environment. The scrubbed water shall be collected into a sump, where the water is
neutralized, and then re-circulated into the scrubber after cleaning them of their
particulates by way of pressure sand filter and activated carbon filter. The system is thus
a zero discharge system in terms of water discharges and is pollution free.
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Figure 2.9. Typical Bio-Medical Waste Incinerator
Stack height
As per Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, minimum stack height shall be 30
meters above the ground and shall be attached with the necessary monitoring facilities as
per requirement of monitoring to meet standards.
2.5.5 Effluent Treatment Plant
A suitable Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) shall be installed to ensure that liquid
effluent generated during the process of washing containers, vehicles, floors etc. is
treated and reused after treatment. ETP should have required treatment unit operations
comprising at least collection tank, O & G trap, chemical dosing, coagulation chamber
primary settling tank, biological treatment process, secondary settling tank, pressure
filter and activated carbon filter so as to comply with the regulatory discharge standards
stipulated under the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016. ETP shall be fitted
with separate „energy meter‟ so as to know total consumption of electricity for operation
of the machinery attached with the ETP. ETP shall also be fitted with pH meter so as to
know pH level of treated water as well as pH level of treated water used for the purpose
of recycling in APCD attached with the incinerator or any utility within the CBWTF.
ETP also be fitted with „magnetic flow meter‟ at the outlet to know the total wastewater
treated for further end use or discharge in compliance to the BMW
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Rules. ETP should also be connected with a provision of „press filter‟ or „sludge drying bed‟ for
drying the sludge generated from the ETP and after drying, same need to be disposed off in an
environmentally sound manner depending upon the hazardous constituents present in it.
Proper treatment of wastewater shall be ensured in case of zero discharge by recycling of
treated wastewater for scrubbing.
Following shall be the flow path for the wastewater generated:
 Scrubbing Effluent – Collected in Hot Water Sump

 Autoclave Effluent – Collected into the Hot Water Sump.
 Floor and Reactor Washings – Collected into the Hot Water Sump
The entire wastewater collected at the Hot water Sump shall flow through the ETP and shall
be re-circulated into the scrubber.
2.5.6 Waste Storage Room
 The waste storage room shall be properly ventilated and so designed that waste can be
stored in racks and washing can be done very easily.
 The waste storage room shall be washed and chemically disinfected daily.
 The floor and inner wall of the incinerator and storage rooms shall have outer covering
of impervious and glazed material so as to avoid retention of moisture and for easy
cleaning.
 The incineration ash shall be stored in a closed sturdy container in a masonry room to
avoid any pilferage. Finally, the ash shall be disposed in nearest secured landfill.
2.5.6.1 Main waste storage space
Separate space shall be provided near the entry point of the CBWTF to unload and store all
biomedical wastes that have been transported to the CBWTF by its own transportation
vehicle. The size of the room shall be adequate to store all wastes transported to the CBWTF.
The front portion of the room shall be utilized for unloading the wastes from the vehicle and
back or side portion shall be utilized for shifting the wastes to the respective treatment
equipment. In the front portion of the room where transportation vehicle is parked for
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unloading, the floor shall be made impermeable so that any liquid spilled during unloading
does not percolate into the ground
2.5.6.2 Treated waste storage room
Separate space should be provided to store the wastes treated in different treatment units. The
wastes shall be stored in separate group as per the disposal options. Other provisions in the
room shall be similar to the main storage room.
2.5.7 Ash Storage Area
Waste such as incineration ash generated in the process of incineration shall be stored in a
separate area under the shed so as to avoid entry of rain water during the monsoon and for
easy collection and in case, incineration ash is hazardous waste in nature same shall be
disposed through any authorized TSDF operator located nearby.
2.5.8 Vehicle / Containers Washing Area
Every time a vehicle is unloaded, the vehicle and empty waste containers shall be washed
properly and disinfected. It can be carried out in an open area but on an impermeable surface
and liquid effluent so generated shall be conveyed and treated in an effluent treatment plant.
The impermeable area shall be of appropriate size so as to avoid spillage of liquid during
washing.
2.5.9 Treatment Equipment Room
A separate housing shall be provided for each treatment equipment such as incinerator room,
autoclave room, etc,. Each room shall have well-designed roof and walls. Such room shall be
well ventilated and easy to wash. The floor and interior finishing of the room shall be such that
chances of sticking/harbouring of microorganisms are minimized and can be attained by
providing smooth & fine floor and wall surfaces (to a height of 2 metre from floor) preferably
of tiles. The number of joints in such surfaces shall be minimal. The equipment room shall also
have a separate cabin, to supervise the operation of the equipment and to record the waste
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handling and equipment operational data attached to each equipment room. There shall be
two waste storage rooms, one for storage of untreated wastes and another for treated wastes
and may be located at a distance from each other. The storage room shall have provisions
similar to that of equipment room being well-ventilated with easy to wash floors & walls,
smooth and fine surfaces etc. All the treatment equipment rooms and waste storage rooms
should be provided with „fly catcher/killing device‟. The room has to be washed and cleaned
with a suitable disinfectant every day.
2.5.10 Administrative Room
The room shall be utilized for general administration, record keeping, billing etc.
2.5.11 Generator set
Every CBWTF shall have generator set as standby arrangement for power, with sufficient
capacity to run the treatment equipment during the failure of power. The generator set shall
comply with the necessary requirement as per DG Set norms notified under the Environment
(Protection) Rules, 1986.
2.5.12 Site Security
High walls, fencing and guarded gates shall be provided at the facility to prevent unauthorized
access to the site by humans and livestock.
2.5.13 Fire safety
Fire safety equipment such as sand buckets and fire extinguishers should be provided at all the
salient points of the facility including at the diesel storage areas, diesel tanks connected with the
incinerator etc. Fire alarm also should be provided within the CBWTF to prompt the workers
in the event of any fire hazard. Workers should be provided training in First Aid
administration.
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2.5.14 First Aid Box
First Aid Box with necessary provisions shall be provided at all the salient points within the
facility.
2.5.15 Greenbelt
A minimum of 34% of total area shall be utilized for development of greenbelt.
2.5.16. COVID 19 occurrence, requires special working environment for manpower that is
safe and sound.
1. Proper PPE suits will be provided to workers
2. Thermal scanning will be done regularly
3. Sanitisation of work place and personnel will be done on regular basis
4. Proper social distancing will be followed at site.
5. All employees will be provided with safety masks
All other time to time and updated guidelines will be followed as per the Ministry of Human
Affairs
2.6 Manpower Requirement
The details of skilled and unskilled manpower for the proposed project during construction and
operational phase is given below in Table 2.7.
Table 2.7 Manpower Details
S. No. Manpower/Profile No of person

Operational Phase Construction Phase
1 Unit head 1
2 Marketing executive 2
3 Plant operator 1
4 Accountant 1
5 HR 1 On contract basis.
6 Fleet operator 1 The labors and workers
7 Store operator 1 will be
8 Workers 6 hired from nearby
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S. No. Manpower/Profile No of person

Operational Phase Construction Phase
9 Vehicle-driver 2 villages
10 Vehicle-helper 2
11 Security 2
12 Housekeeping 1
Total 21
Note: In addition to above, workers will be hired on contract basis as per the
requirement in plant.
2.7 Water Requirement
The total net water requirement for the proposed facility is 3 KLD and will be drawn from
borewells within the site if possible or else by external water tankers. Wastewater generation
would be around 3 KLD which will be treated in ETP.
KEMPL intent to have Air pollution control devices (APCDs) in order to meet standards of
Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016 i.e to reduce temperature of flue gas from
incinerator, to reduce dioxin and furan due to rapid quenching, etc. An ETP of appropriate
capacity shall be established to treat wastewater generated.
2.8 Power and Fuel Requirement
The power required for the facility is 250 kva will be APDCL. For emergency backup DG set is
maintained with optimal usage by using a High Speed Diesel with a capacity of 250 KVA. The
details of the power required for operation of the facility and fuel required for running DG sets
for emergency use during power failure are given in Table 2.8. In general 95% of construction
power will be supplied from Grid and 5% of construction power will be met by Diesel
Generator.
Table 2.8. Power and Fuel Requirement
Details Capacity Remarks
Power 250 kVA From APDCL
DG set 250 kVA DG set is used for emergency power backup, Fuel
will be procured from local dealers
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2.9 Bio-Medical Waste Process Description
The concern about disposal of infectious waste generated by the hospitals is increasing rapidly
due to the fear of the spread of viruses such as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) and Hepatitis B, COVID 19. This waste (bio-medical waste generated from healthcare
establishments) possesses a high risk of potential damage to the human health and the
environment by means of spreading. To prevent the spread of such infectious waste that finds
its genesis in bio-medical waste (from hospitals, clinics, laboratories, dispensaries etc.), a
scientific approach for its final disposal is required. It is essential that professionally trained
personnel should handle the waste and that the waste should be disposed scientifically.
2.9.1 Waste Classification and Characterization as per BMW rules
The classification and characterization of BMW shall be as per Bio-Medical Waste

Management Rules, 2016. Different categories of BMW are collected in different color coded
bags.
2.9.2 Waste Quantities
The project is being perceived to cater to a large number of small and medium sized health
care establishments in the private sector and government establishments. Out of the total
quantity of waste estimated, 80% would be incinerable and rest would be
autoclavable and shredderable. It is also estimated that about 5% (ash) of the total incinerable
waste would be sent to nearest TSDF.
2.10 Process Description
As described hospital waste once generated need to be segregated, collected, transported and
safely treated and disposed off without causing damage to the human health and the
environment. To reduce this problem and provide the healthcare establishments with a cost-
effective solution to the waste disposal dilemma, KEMPL proposes for the development of
CBWTF at strictly in accordance with the BMW Management Rules 2016 published by
Ministry of Environment and Forest & climate change (MoEFCC).
KEMPL has identified the following as the major steps involved in making the system efficient:
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
A comprehensive waste audit

Training and Awareness – To doctors, nurses, administrators and the ward boys.

Waste Minimization

Segregation at source

Collection and transportation

Disinfection/ Destruction

Disposal.
2.10.1 Waste Audit
KEMPL shall undertake a waste audit to assess the waste quantities, current waste handling
practices and subsequent treatment and disposal of the wastes. The audit shall include a survey
of representative health care establishments and cover all aspects related to bio-medical wastes
including occupational health and safety.
2.10.2 Training and Awareness
KEMPL experience indicates that, the awareness levels of most health care establishments in
respect to bio-medical waste management are very low. The health care workers are not
completely aware of the impacts of the improper waste handling
and management. Our first step towards our endeavor would be to create awareness among all
the stakeholders involved in the subject. Subsequent to this KEMPL shall provide thorough
training to all the members on all aspects of bio-medical waste management. This training shall
include segregation of wastes into proper color coded bags, identification of containers required
for collecting the wastes, precautions to be taken in respect of handling wastes with special
reference to sharps management. There shall be specific focus towards occupational safety of
health care workers.
2.10.3 Waste Minimization
Waste minimization, though is a focus from the environmental angle, shall be recommended
only at point sources where there is no scope of cross-infection.
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2.10.4 Segregation of Waste at Source
Segregation of wastes is the key to the success of bio-medical waste management. It is

estimated that only about 10-15% of the total waste generated at health care establishment is
infectious in nature. Thus segregation of wastes at source would firstly reduce the waste
management problem to 15%. Further to this segregation of wastes (infectious) is integral in
terms of further waste handling and management.
Bio-Medical wastes would have to be managed by destruction, dis-infection and ultimate

disposal. With this in view, wastes would have to be segregated into incinerable wastes/
destructible wastes and dis-infectable wastes. KEMPL proposes to establish an incinerator and
an autoclave, thus wastes would have to be segregated into incinerable and autoclavable
wastes. Incinerable wastes include human anatomical wastes, animal carcasses, placenta,
cotton, bandage, soiled materials and other similar wastes that have come in contact with the
body fluids. Dis-infectable wastes include plastics, glass, metal, rubber and other similar
materials. These would include syringes, needles, ampoules, blades and many more.
Focus during the training shall be made on segregation of wastes into color coded bags
ensuring compliance with the MoEFCC rules as well as subsequent handling and as this would
minimize further handling of the wastes until treated.
2.10.5 Collection and Transportation
2.10.5.A Collection
The Collection of Bio Medical Waste will be carried out in a manner so as to avoid any possible
hazard to human health and environment. Following steps will be followed for
collection of the waste from biomedical units:
 Segregated waste will be collected from the endpoint of healthcare units on a daily basis
by the Biotic staff.
 The waste will be collected from the color coded bags in health care units to color coded
containers (non chlorinated bags) in dedicated vehicles. Sharps will be collected in
puncture proof containers.
 A Record Book will be maintained by the Healthcare unit in acknowledgement of waste
collected.
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 Non-segregated waste will not be accepted and such incidents will be reported to the
prescribed authority.
 All the collection staff will be equipped with protective gears for handling common
Biomedical Waste.
 Each and every care will be taken to ensure that the segregated common biomedical
waste, handed over by the Health care unit, to reach Bio Medical Waste Treatment
Facility without any damage, spillage and unauthorized access by public or animals etc.
KEMPL shall collect the waste from each health care establishment on a regular basis. Wastes
shall be segregated as per the color coding, properly packed and placed at a secure designated
point by the health care establishment from where organization shall collect the waste. Upon
collection wastes shall be placed into closed containers enclosed in a containerized vehicle.
Transportation of the wastes shall also be the responsibility of KEMPL
2.10.5.B Transportation
About 6 to 8 vehicles shall be dedicated and shall adopt the conditions specified in the BMW
Management Rules 2016.
All the vehicles used for the CBWTF will be registered with the respective SPCB/PCC for the
purpose of collection of bio-medical waste from the member health care facilities. The bio-
medical waste collected in coloured containers shall be transported in a fully covered vehicle.
This vehicle shall be dedicated for transportation of bio-medical waste only. Depending upon
the volume of the wastes to be transported, the vehicle may be a three wheeler, light motor
vehicle or heavy duty vehicle.
The vehicle shall possess the following:
a) Vehicle shall be fitted with GPS to track the movement of the vehicle.
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b) Separate cabins shall be provided for driver/staff and the bio-medical waste
containers.
c) The base of the waste cabin shall be leak proof to avoid leakage of liquid during
transportation.
d) The waste cabin designed for storing waste containers in tiers and also provided with
a lighting provision.
e) The waste cabin shall be so designed that it is easy to wash and disinfect.
f) The inner surface of the waste cabin shall be made of smooth surface to minimize
water retention.
g) The waste cabin shall have provisions for sufficient openings in the rear and/or sides
so that waste containers can be easily loaded and unloaded
h) The vehicle shall be labeled with the bio-medical waste symbol and also display the
name, address and telephone number of the CBWTF.
i) The vehicle driver will always carry valid registration of the vehicle obtained from the
concerned transport authority and also carry valid pollution under control certificate
issued by the authorized certificate issuing agency.
Depending upon the area to be covered under the CBWTF, the route of transportation shall be
worked out. The transportation routes of the vehicle shall be designed for optimum travel
distance and to cover maximum number of healthcare units. As far as possible, the
transportation shall be carried out during non-peak traffic hours. If the area to be covered is
very large, a collection station may be established to store the bio-medical waste collected from
the adjoining areas. The waste stored at collection station may then be transported to the
CBWTF in a big vehicle. It shall be ensured that the total time taken from generation of bio-
medical waste to its treatment, which also includes collection and transportation time, shall not
exceed 48 hours
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2.10.5.C Storage
Waste Storage Area
The characteristics of the waste storage room will be as follows:
● The Size of the room will be adequate to store all wastes.
● The front portion of the room will be utilized for unloading the wastes from the vehicle and
back or side portion shall be utilized for shifting the wastes to the respective treatment
equipment.
● The area in front of the room will be made impermeable so that any liquid spilled during
unloading does not percolate into the ground. However, the liquid waste generated (if any)
during handling of waste and washing, shall be diverted to the inlet of ETP.
● The waste shall be stacked with clear distinction as per the color coding.
● The waste storage room will be well ventilated, easy to wash floors and walls and will have
smooth and fine surfaces.
Treated Waste Storage Room

● A separate room will be provided for the storage of treated waste.
● The waste shall be stored in separate groups as per the disposal options.
● This room will also be provided with smooth and fine flooring and tiles on walls.
● The room will be well ventilated.
2.10.6 Disinfection and Destruction
Upon receipt at the facility, waste containers shall be unloaded. Wastes based on their colour
codes shall be separated and properly treated and disposed off as per MoEFCC rules. The
incinerable waste shall be loaded into the incinerator while autoclavable shall be loaded into
the autoclave for disinfection. Residual ash from incinerator unit shall be sent to nearest TSDF
and waste from autoclave shall be send to authorized recyclers.
2.10.7 Disposal
Ash, residue from high temperature incineration and other material residues from the process
shall be collected into containers and shall be sent to secured landfill/nearest TSDF.
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Figure 2.10. Flow chart of Effluent Treatment Plant
Waste from Project Utilities

Waste Water Generation -During the construction phase, the wastewater generation would
mainly consist of sanitary waste and sewage from workers and their families. The waste water
details are as shown in the table below.
Table 2.9. Estimated Waste Water Generation in KLD.
Details Construction phase (KLD) Operation phase (KLD)
Water will be required for 2MLD

construction requiring
mortar works
Water requirement for app. 25*135 = 3.3 kld
25 employees
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During construction phase mobile toilet/soak pit will provide for management of the
wastewater generated. Whereas during operation phase Sewage treatment plant will be
provided in employee colony having capacity of 5 KLD working on Moving Bed Biofilm
Reactor (MBBR) technology.
Figure 2.11. Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) technology
2.11 Solid Waste Generation
Municipal solid waste materials generally encountered are garbage, food wrapping, wet waste,
etc. There will be generation of some municipal solid waste which will have to be adequately
disposed. Details of municipal solid waste (domestic and/or commercial wastes) estimated to
be generated during construction and Operation is given in Table 2.10.
Table 2.10. Estimated Municipal Solid Waste Likely to be generated
Sl. Waste No. of Total waste Biodegr Non - From Disposal

No Generation indivi generation adable biodegra the
. during each duals (kg/day) waste dable Plant
phase (kg/day) waste
(kg/day)
1 Construction 20 0.5 8 2 0 SPCB
phase approved
vendor
2 Operation 25 0.5 10 2.5 App. SPCB
phase 50 approved
vendor
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2.11.1 Discharge from plant site
The facility will come up with an ETP of 5 KLD. The treated waste water will meet the
discharge standards set up by CPCB. Online monitoring report will also be sent to SPCB. The
treated waste water will be reused for horticulture purposes. Therefore, there will be no
discharge from the site.
2.12 Treatment Process and Process Flow
Treatment process and process flow diagram are shown below.
Figure 2.12. Flow Chart showing Treatment process
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Figure 2.13. Process Flow diagram
2.13 Construction Schedule
The project has been planned to be executed in two phase, one pre-construction phase
involving all preliminary and infrastructure works and the second phase involving construction
of main project component and installations. Activities of the construction have been planned
on the basis of rational sequencing and logical relationships among various activities.
Optimistic estimated duration of activities has been adopted for working out the construction
schedule. The contract period for the project completion is six months.
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2.13.A During construction/installation phase
Figure 2.14. Flow chart of activities during construction phase
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2.13.B During Operation Phase
Figure 2.15. Flow chart of activities during operation phase
2.14 Solid and hazardous Waste Management
During installation phase: Total 6 kg/day of waste will be generated from labours- of which
3.6 Kg/day will be bio degradable and 2.4 kg/day during installation phase; Bio-degradable
wastes shall be disposed off to solid waste disposal site while recyclable non -bio degradable
wastes shall be given to approved vendor for final disposal.
During operation phase: Total 18 kg/day solid waste will be generated. Out of which 7 kg/day
of Biodegradable waste will be sent to solid waste disposal site 11 kg/day of Recyclable Waste
shall be given to Authorized Recycler. 0.5 TPD of Autoclaved Plastic & rubber etc. will be sent
to Shredder & then from shredder it will be sent to authorized recyclers.0.3 TPD of Sharps will
be treated in autoclave. After autoclaving, sharps will be encapsulated. Glass bottles shall be
sold to recyclers after chemical disinfection.
A non-leachate and covered ash pit will be provided inside the CBMWTF for storage of
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Incineration ash. Ash generated from Incinerators will be approx. 50 kg/day & shall be sent to
landfill site with intimation to Assam Pollution Control Committee. 10 lt/month of used oil
will be generated from D.G. Set. It is being sold to authorized vendors for the treatment of the
same. ETP Sludge of approx. 0.10 kg/day shall be generated from ETP. It will be stored in leak
proof PVC containers in isolated areas on pakka floor with in the premises as per HWM Rules
and handed over to authorized treatment and disposal facility of Assam Pollution Control
Committee.
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CHAPTER 3
DESCRIPTION OF eNVIRONMENT
Page | 90
Chapter 3
DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Collection of baseline information on bio-physical, social and economic aspects of the project
area is the most important reference for conducting EIA study, Based on the existing
environmental scenario potential impacts of the proposed project will be identified and
accordingly management plan will be proposed so as applicability of Government of India
(GoI) regulatory requirements. The baseline environmental conditions will help in comparing
and to monitor the predicted negative and positive impacts resulting from the project during
construction and operation phases.
Primary data have been collected to record the micro-environmental features within project site
& impact zone of 10 km radius. Collection of first hand (Primary) information includes
preparation of base maps, extrapolating environmental features on proposed project design,
location and measurement of socio-cultural features .Data was collected from secondary
sources for the macro-environmental setting like climate, physiography (Geology and slope),
biological and socio-economic environment.
Scope of this exercise was 10 kilometers on both sides from the centre of the project as per
guidelines of Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. However, the focus
of the study was on the areas within and impact zone of 10 KM radius.
This chapter contains information on existing environmental scenario for the following
parameters: Micro – Meteorology, Air, Water, Soil, Biological, Noise, Land and Socio-
economic Environment.
To achieve these objectives, data has been from core zone and buffer zone within 10 km. radial
distance from project site. This chapter and the related discussions contain the results of field
studies carried out during the Post Monsoon Season from 1st December, 2019 to 30th June,
2020.
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3.2 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA
M/s Ksepya proposes to establish a CBWTF in an area of 1 Bigha and 18 lechas at Kahara
Pathar village, Barpeta district, Assam with a capital cost of around Rs.48 lacs. It is proposed to
treat BMW generated from about hospital and clinical facilities from Barpeta and surrounding
districts. The key components of the proposed facility include Incinerator – 5 TPD (50 kg/hr),
Shredder – 50 kg/hr with all other supporting infrastructure. It is proposed to establish the
proposed facility in compliance with Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016.
No alternatives sites were considered for development of this facility and the proposed site is
fairly found to be suitable location considering both the environmental and the economical
factors as per the sitting criteria guidelines.
The nearest railway station is Sorupeta Railway station app. 7.3 km north (aerial distance 3.22
km) from the project site. The nearest highway is NH-31 and is almost adjacent to the project
site.
The total net water requirement for the proposed facility is 3.0 KLD. The primary source of
water will be from bore wells or else by external water tankers. The electric power required for
the facility is 25 kVA and will be supplied from APDCL. For emergency backup, 25 KVA DG
set will be maintained with optimal usage. It is estimated that it will take about 8 to 12 months
for execution of the proposed facility. About 17-20 full time employees will be employed during
the operation phase. Site is well connected to transport facilities. National Highway-31 is at the
distance of approx. 80 feet from the site. Impacts from the development of panned project are
assessed within 10 km of project site.
3.2.1 Location of Project Site
The proposed facility is to be set up in Barpeta district of Assam (Figure 3.1). The geo graphical
coordinates of site are given in Table-3.1
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Figure 3.1. Location of the Project Site
Table 3.1 Site Coordinates
Points Latitude Longitude

A 26°28'30.89"N 91° 5'37.31"E
B 26°28'31.90"N 91° 5'39.55"E
C 26°28'26.55"N 91° 5'39.19"E
D 26°28'27.12"N 91° 5'41.33"E
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Figure 3.2. Project Site Coordinates
Figure 3.3. Location of the Rail station from the Project Site
3.2.2 Methodology
The baseline environmental quality has been assessed from December 2019-June 2020 in
a study area of 10 km radius distance from the project site. While generating the baseline
status of the physical and biological environment of the study area, the concept of impact
zone has been considered. The impact zone selection is based on preliminary screening
and modelling studies. The methodology for measurement of various environmental
indices is as follows:
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Table 3.1.a Methodology

S. No. Functional Methodology
Area
1 Micro-Meteorological Site specific Micro-Meteorological Data has been used
Data for the study. The important parameters considered are
temperature, humidity & wind speed.
2 Ambient Air The ambient air quality monitoring was done to assess
the ambient air quality in one season. The guidelines
Quality
for selections of ambient air monitoring stations given
in IS – 5182 part 14, 2000 were followed.
3 Water Quality To assess the water quality of the proposed area, Grab,
& Integrated sampling done for water sample
collection. Water samples were taken as per the
Standard Methods (IS & APHA, 23rdEdition 2017).
Necessary precautions were taken for preservation of
samples. The physical parameters viz. pH, temperature
and conductivity were measured at site using a portable
water analyser.
4 Ambient Noise At each station noise level was monitored for 24-hours.
For each measurement, dB (A) readings were taken for
Quality
every 15 minutes for 24 hrs once in a season to get Leq
values.
5 Soil Quality Augur method was used for soil sampling and samples
were collected at 15 cm depth after removing the upper
crust.
6 Topography, Land- The land use/ land cover map has been generated on
form 1:50,000 scale using Satellite imagery, topographical
and Land Use maps, Survey of India and ground truth information.
7 Biological Primary and secondary data collection has been done
Environment by the Ecology and Biodiversity team for the study of
flora and fauna in the core and Buffer Zone.
8 Socio Economic For demography and socioeconomics, block wise data
Environment has been collected and used for the assessment of
impacts.
3.3 Topography of Project Site
Barpeta District is located in the lower part of Assam with the District Head Quarter at
Barpeta which is 140 Kms away from the State capital Guwahati. The main mode of
connectivity to the district is through road. The District occupies an area of 2679 sq. kms.
The district is bounded by Baksa District in the North, Nalbari & Kamrup Districts in the
East, Bongaigaon District in the West and Goalpara District in the South. The District
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lies between latitude 26.5" North- 26.49" North and longitude 90.39" East – 91.17" East.
The general Topography of the district varies from low-lying plains to highland having
small hillocks in the South-West corner of the district. These offshoots stand out
conspicuously as hillocks attaining a height ranging from 122 meter to 212 meter above
mean sea level. The topography of Barpeta district is wide varied from low lying plains to
the elevated land having small hillocks in the South West corner of the region known as
the “Baghbar Zone”. The northern part of the district comprises the foot hills of Bhutan
and the southern part is comparatively low lying through which the mighty
Brahmaputra, the longest river of the state 39 follows, waving its way through many char
(Sandy river plains) areas. That is why the soil of Barpeta is mostly sandy, sandy loamy
and forest soil. The plain is an alluvial origin and along with sand, varied proportions of
clay soil is available. It is 44 km away from Manas National Park. The total forest area is
17511.25 hectare (according to professorial study). The entire forest belt covering Manas
and Kokilabari, falls under the northern part of the district is covered by elevated
grassland. The fertile and cultivable part of the district lies at about 7K.M.s from the
northern bank of the river Brahmaputra.
Proposed site is vacant land and is not being currently utilized for agriculture. The PP has
procured the land on lease for 30 years. The development of green belt and other
landscaping will enhance the visual aesthetics of the area. Elevation of the project site is
45 m from MSL.
Figure 3.4. Site elevation Map
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3.4 Rivers and wetlands of Barpeta District
The large portion of the district is plain terrain, which is traversed by some important
rivers. On the western part of the district area river Beki flows in the southern direction
and merges with the mighty river Brahmaputra. On the eastern part river Pahumara
flows and merging with Bhelengi river into the mighty Brahmaputra later on. Other
important rivers are Manas. It flows in southern direction and merge together in some
distance with the river Aie of a nearby district of Bangaigaon. The other important
tributaries of the river Brahmaputra are Manas, Saolkhowa, Kaldia, Pohumara,
Nakhanda of Barpeta. There are river palla and Beki join with Nakhananda. Some other
small tributaries of the river Brahmaputra in the district are – Hakua, Busha, Dong, Dhir,
Chikni, Saru-Beki, Bhelengi, Kumbhira, Gyatim-Chorphuli, Rabang, Rupsi etc. Two
rivers - Saolkhowa and Mora Nodi (Dead River), both of which are tributaries to
Brahmaputra run through the town. All these rivers are major tributaries of the mighty
river Brahmaputra flowing towards west. Many fishing marshy swamps and beels also
surround the district. The number of registered beels in the district of Barpeta is 23. The
bigger ones are almost approaching the dimension of small lakes. The largest one in the
district of Barpeta are Lasanga, Garaimary, Gara, Patbausi and Ari bed.
Figure 3.5. Rivers of Barpeta District
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3.5 Soil Characteristics
Most of the district is covered by the alluvium which is being deposited by the main rivers of
the district, mainly Beki and Manas. The soil of the study area are light grey to light brown in
colour and are less compact type consisting of ground sand, silts and clays.
3.6 Forests
There are no Protected Forests in Barpeta district. Only a small part of Ripu Chirang Elephant
Reserve crosses the district. There is no IBS sites in the district. The proposed project area is
more than 10 km from the Elephant Reserve.
3.7 Seismicity of Study Area
Based on the distribution of epicentres, fault plane solutions and geotectonic features,
northeastern region is divided into five seismotectonic zones. These are (i) Eastern Himalayan
collision zone (ii) Indo-Myanmar subduction zone (iii) Syntaxis zone of Himalayan arc and
Burmese arc (Mishmi Hills) (iv) Plate boundary zone of the Shillong Plateau and Assam Valley
and (v) Bengal Basin and Plate Boundary Zone of Tripura Mizoram fold belt.
The proposed project attracts under zone-5 (as per Geological Survey of India (GSI)).
Seismicity in this zone is considered as the plate-boundary zone activity. Seismic activity is
quite high in this zone. It was the seat of great Shillong earthquake of 1897. Map showing
seismic zones in India is given in Figure 3.5.
Besides, three large earthquakes of M>7 occurred in this zone. In the Shillong plateau, the focal
depth is mostly within 60 km. The prominent structural discontinuities in the plateau are
Dudhnai, Kulsi, Samin, Dauki and Dhubri faults and Dapsi and Barapani thrusts. According to
GSHAP (Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program) – Hazardous map, the project region
lies with high to very high seismic hazard. Among the large earthquakes, the 1897 and 1950
earthquakes were most significant. The 1897 earthquake is well known for the violent upthrow
during the shock.
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Figure 3.5. Seismic zone Map of India
3.8 Baseline Monitoring of Environment Component
In order to determine the existing status of various environmental attributes such as

meteorology, air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise level, ecology and socio-economic
environment, baseline study has been conducted. Baseline study includes collection of both
primary & secondary data. This will help to assess the impact of the project on environment by
comparing existing & post-project conditions.
3.8.1 Study Period
Baseline study for the project has been conducted during Winter, Pre Monsoon and Monsoon
Season i.e. 1.12. 2019- 30.06.2020.
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3.8.2 Instruments used for data collection
Instrument Used For Environmental Baseline Data Collection/Monitoring are shown in table
3.2.
Table 3.2 Instruments used for baseline data collection/monitoring
S. No. Parameter Instruments

1. PM 10 Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS)
2. PM 2.5 Fine Particulate Matter (FPM) Sampler
3. CO CO Analyzer
4. Noise Sound Level Meter
5. Location of the site GPS
6. Water DO meter; Flame Photometer (Na & K);
Spectro-photometers; AAS (Heavy metals like pd, cr, Fe)
pH meter; Conductivity Meter; Turbidity Meter
7. Soil Permeability Apparatus; Flame Photometer (Na & K)
3.8.3 DATA SOURCE
3.8.3.1 Primary Data
Data is collected by carrying out site visits, field study& monitoring. Monitoring of various
parameters like air quality, noise level, water quality etc. have been conducted during study
period, i.e 1.12.2019 to 30.06.2020. Methodology adopted has been discussed below in the
report.
3.8.3.1 Secondary data
Apart from field monitoring, additional data was collected from sources like India
Meteorological Department (IMD), Central Ground Water Board, Geological Survey of India,
State Pollution Control Board, Census of India and Forest Department etc.
3.8.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT
Land-Use
Land use / Land cover map of study area for the project is prepared by digitizing SOI
toposheet, which has helped in the study of land use pattern of the study area. Also site visit
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was conducted to study area for collection of real time data. Information from ground truthing
& SOI toposheet was clubbed for preparation of Land-Use land Cover map.
Result & Discussion :

From the prepared land-use land cover map, it was found that study area comprises of project
site, agricultural area, forest area, habitations etc. Land Use land Cover map of the project site
is given in Figure 3.6. Percentage of various land-use types within study area is given in Table
3.3.
Figure 3.6 Land Use land Cover map of the project site.
Table 3.3. Percentage of various Land-Uses within Study area
S. No. Land Use Class Area (Ha) Area Percentage (%)

1 Builtup Land 4456.85 13.99
2 Agricultural Land 8156.26 22.6
3 Agricultural Fallow Land 12139.9 38.66
4 Open Land 627.44 1.97
6 Vegetation 6024.15 18.90
7 River 281.52 0.88
Total 31866.02 100
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3.8.5 Geology
Physiographically the Barpeta district can be divided into three units; i.e. the hilly region in the
south, the alluvial plain in the central and western part and the swampy areas along
Brahmaputra plains. The distinguishable geomorphic units are as follows.
a. Younger alluvial plain which occupies major part of the area, having slightly
higher elevation than flood plain.
b. Older alluvium/valley fill, gently sloping plain, having higher elevation than the
younger alluvial plain.
c. Piedmont, gently sloping plain along the foothills.
d. Inselberg occurs as very small isolated hills.
e. Denudational hills considering of granite, gneissic rocks
The different rock formation occurring in the district has been subjected to various soil forming
processes through agents of weathering and transportation during different geological ages.
3.8.6 Soil
Texture of soil in the district varies from sandy clay loams to loamy. Soil quality study of the
project side & its surrounding is carried out to find out existing soil quality of the area.
3.8.6.1 Soil Quality Sampling Locations
Soil samples were collected during winter, Pre Monsoon and monsoon Seasons (1.12.2019 to
30.06.2020).
To assess the soil quality of the study area, 3 monitoring stations were selected. Location of
Soil sampling stations is given below in Table 3.4. Map depicting locations of soil quality
monitoring stations is given below as Figure 3.4. Stations were selected in different villages
within 1-4 km area from project site, where maximum impacts are anticipated.
Table 3.4. Locations of Monitoring Sites
Station Name Direction Distance

SQ1 Project Site Centre 0
SQ2 Bangli Para East 1.3 km
SQ3 Madhapur village SE 1.58 km
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3.8.6.2 Sampling Methodology & Frequency

Samples were collected from above 3 stations with the help of auger. Samples collected were
filled in polythene bags, labeled in the field with number and site name and sent to laboratory
for analysis. Frequency & methodology for soil sampling is given in Table 3.5. Standard soil
classifications are shown in Table 3.6.
Table 3.5. Frequency and Methodology for Soil Sampling & Monitoring
Particulars Details
Frequency Mixed sample from each station– once during the Study Period
Methodology Mixed samples of the topsoil were collected from 3 depths, and mixed
to provide a representative sample for analysis. They were stored in
airtight Polythene Bags and analyzed at the laboratory
Table 3.6. Standard soil classification
S.No. Parameters Classification

1. pH <4.5 extremely acidic
4.51 – 5.0 very strong acidic
5.01 – 5.5 strongly acidic
5.51-6.0 moderately acidic
6.1 – 6.5 slightly acidic
6.51-7.3 Neutral
7.31-7.8 slightly alkaline
7.81-8.5 moderately alkaline
8.51 – 9.0 strongly alkaline
>9.0 Very strongly alkaline
2. Salinity Electrical Conductivity (milli Up to 1.0 average
mho/cm) 1-2 harmful to germination
1 mho/cm = 640 ppm 2-3 harmful to crops
3. Nitrogen (kg/ha) Up to 50 very less
51-100 less
110-150 good
151-300 better
>300 sufficient
4. Phosphorus (kg/ha) Up to 15 very less
15 – 30 less
31-50 medium
51-65 on average sufficient
66-80 sufficient
>80 more than sufficient
5. Potassium (kg/ha) 0-120 very less
120-180 less
180-240 medium
241-300 average
301-360 better
>360 more than sufficient
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3.8.6.3 Soil Quality Analysis Report
Soil sampling location are reports are shown below.
Fig 3.7. Map depicting locations of soil quality monitoring stations
Table 3.7. Result of Soil Quality Analysis (Pre Monsoon Season)
S. Parameter Unit
No SQ-1 SQ-2 SQ-3
1 Texture - Sandy Loam Loam
Clay
Loam
2 Particle Size Distribution
i) Sand >0.2-mmDia % 49.8 47.1 45.6
ii) Silt,0.02 to 0.2mm Dia % 25.9 29.4 28.9
iii) Clay,<0.002-mmDia % 24.3 23.5 25.5
3. pH (at25°C) - 7.26 7.52 7.61
(1:2.5suspension)
4. Elec. Conductivity (at µmhos/cm 448 396 426
25°C)
(1:2 Suspension)
5. Sulphate - 58 38 44
6. Exchangeable Sodium mg/kg 179 147 166
7. Exchangeable Calcium mg/kg 2180 1820 2020
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S. Parameter Unit
No SQ-1 SQ-2 SQ-3
8. Exchangeable Magnesium mg/kg 627 588 612
9 Sodium Adsorption Ratio - 0.87 0.76 0.83
10 Water Holding Capacity % 35.6 34.1 38.2
11 Porosity % 40.2 38.2 36.5
12 Organic Matter % 1.33 1.28 1.26
Available Nutrient
13 Nitrogen as N Kg /ha 396 326 292
14 Phosphorous as P Kg /ha 40.3 30.5 34.2
15 Potassium as K Kg /ha 224 168 146
3.8.6.4 Result & Discussion
 Texture of soil is sandy loamy to sandy clayey loamy at project site & its surrounding
 SAR is found to be in the range of 0.76 to 0.87 in study area of 10 km
 pH varies from 7.26 to 7.61 which indicates soil is slightly alkaline.
 EC of soil ranges from 396 to 448 µmhos/cm, thus growth of many salt sensitive crop
is restricted in these soils.
 Organic matter in soil varies between 1.26 to 1.33 %.
3.8.7 AIR ENVIRONMENT
3.8.7.1 Meteorology
Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of atmosphere. Meteorological parameters

include temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, cloud cover etc. Meteorological parameters like
wind, rainfall etc. can alter, multiply or reduce impacts of phenomenon associated with project
depending on its magnitude & direction of flow.
The climate of the area has been classified as sub-tropical humid climate with heavy rainfall,
hot summer and high humidity. Average temperature ranges from 12 to 38oC during the year.
In winter, temperature ranges from 15 to 25oC during day and 8 to 15oC during night. The
summer temperature ranges from 25 to 38oC during day and 15 to 25oC during night.
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Average annual rainfall of the district is 1752 mm and co-efficient of variation is 15.3%. The
annual normal rainfall of the district as compiled from IMD data is 2125.4 mm with 96.5 rainy
days.
Table 3.8. Met Data 1971-2020
3.8.7.2 Micro-Meteorology at Site:
Meteorological study is carried out to find out present micro-meteorology at site & probable
impacts of the project at different locations. A meteorological station was set up at the project
premises to assess micro-meteorology of the study area. Meteorological data was collected
during Pre-monsoon season (15.12.2019-15.03.2020). Wind speed, wind direction air
temperature and relative humidity were recorded at hourly intervals continuously during
monitoring period. Rainfall was recorded on daily basis.Table-3.9 gives summarized
meteorological data for the monitoring period (1.12.2019-30.06.2020).
Page | 106
Figure 3.8. Wind rose at the Site (December, 2019 to June 2020)
WIND ROSE PLOT: DISPLAY: COMMENTS:
Station # 123 Wind Speed

Direction (blowing from)
NORTH
15%
DATA PERIOD:
12% Start Date: 3/1/2013 - 00:00

End Date: 5/31/2013 - 23:00
9% TOTAL COUNT: CALM WINDS:
2208 hrs. 14.04%

6% AVG. WIND SPEED:
5.51 Knots
3%
COMPANY NAME:
WEST EAST
MODELER:
WIND SPEED
DATE:
(Knots)
>= 22
6/4/2013
17 - 21
11 - 17
7 - 11
4-7
1-4
Calms: 14.04%
SOUTH PROJECT NO.:
WRPLOT View - Lakes Environmental Software
Figure 3.9. Max, Min Temperature from December, 2019 to June 2020
Page | 107
Figure 3.10. Average rainfall amount (mm) and Rainy Days from December, 2019 to June
2020
Figure 3.11. Average wind speed from December, 2019 to June 2020
Page | 108
3.9 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
The prime objective of the baseline study with respect to ambient air quality is to establish the
present air quality and its conformity to National Ambient Air Quality Standards. This data
has been further used during impact assessment to predict the final impact. This section
describes the sampling locations, frequency of sampling, criteria of selecting monitoring sites
and methodology adopted for monitoring ambient air quality.
The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been established through field monitoring
data on Particulate Matters (PM10 and PM2.5), Sulphur-Di-oxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen
(NO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) at five locations within project area. The locations for air
quality are based on the following considerations:
3.9.1 Criteria for selection of ambient air quality monitoring stations are:
1) Monitoring stations shall be selected both in upwind and downwind directions.
2) Monitoring stations shall be selected in ecologically sensitive areas.
3) Monitoring stations shall be selected near highly populated areas.
4) Monitoring stations shall be considered near main pollution sources like national/state
5) Distance from the site
3.9.2 Sampling Locations, Parameters and Frequency
On the basis of above criteria, 5 monitoring locations were selected. Location of the monitoring
stations with reference to the project site is given below in Table 3.9. Map depicting locations
of monitoring stations is given below as Figure 3.12. Ambient air quality monitoring was
carried out twice a week with a frequency of 24 hours for 12 weeks.
Table 3.9. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Location
S. Locations Locations Code Distance

No. Dire
ction
1 Project Site AAQ1 0 Km Center
2 Bangli Para village AAQ2 1.3 Km East
3 Madhapur village AAQ3 1.58 Km SE
4 Kalola Pathar AAQ4 2.6 Km NE
5 Kalbari AAQ5 770 m West
Page | 109
Figure 3.12. Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station
3.9.3 Instruments & Method of Analysis
Time averaged in – situ sampling was adopted by passing a known volume of air through a
trap, and a collecting medium (filter paper and bubbler). Respirable Dust Sampler and Fine
Dust Sampler were used for the purpose. This procedure was adopted because there are no
short-term variations and low concentration of gaseous pollutants was expected.
Page | 110
3.9.4 Analytical methods followed for ambient air quality monitoring:
Particulate Matter (PM2.5): Particulate Matter (PM2.5) was analyzed by Gravimetric Method.
Particulate matter was collected on the 37 mm dia. glass micro fiber Filter Paper. PM 2.5 value is
determined from the values of volume of air passes through Ambient Fine Dust Sampler.
Particulate Matter (PM10): Particulate Matter (PM10) was carried out by Ambient Fine sampler
as per IS: 5182 (Part 23):2006. Particulate matter was collected on the GF/A Filter Paper.
Particles with aerodynamics diameter less than the cut-point of the inlet are collected by the
filter. The mass of these particles is determined by the difference in filter weight prior to and
after sampling.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) (IS: 5182; Part – II – 2001 and reaffirmed 2006): Sulfur dioxide is
absorbed by aspirating a measured air sample through a solution of Potassium or sodium tetra
chloro mercurate (TCM). This results in the formation of a dichloro sulphite mercurate
complex. The Sulphite Ion produced is allowed to react with sulphamic acid, formaldehyde
and para rosaniline to form an azo dye and then determined colorimetricaly.
Nitrogen Oxides (IS: 5182; Part – VI – 2006): Nitrogen dioxide is collected by bubbling air
through a sodium hydroxide- sodium arsenite solution to form a stable solution of sodium
Nitrite. The Nitrite Ion Produced is allowed to react with hydrogen peroxide, Sulph anilamide
and NEDA to form an azodye and then determined colorimetricaly.
Carbon Monoxide (IS: 5182 Part –X-1999 Reaffirmed 2003): Co analyzer measures CO in the
range of 0-200 ppm (220 mg/m3) to a sensitivity of 0.05 ppm 55µg/m3). The Serinus 30
combines the benefits of Microprocess control with Non-Dispersive Infrared Spectro-
photometry technology. CO concentration is automatically corrected for gas temperature and
pressure changes. CO was monitored an hourly basis whereas other parameters were
monitored on 24 hourly basis.
Page | 111
3.9.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards, CPCB
Table 3.10. National Ambient Air Quality Standards
S. Pollutant Time Concentration in Method of

N Weighted Ambient Air Measurement
o. Average Industrial Ecologica
Area, lly
Residentia Sensitive
l Rural & Area
Other (Notified
Areas by
Central
Govt.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
1 Sulphur Annual 50 20 1. Improved West
Dioxide Average * 80 80 and Geake
(SO2), g/m3 24 hours ** Method.
2. Ultraviolet
fluorescence
2 Oxides of Annual 40 30 1. Modified
Nitrogen as Average * 80 80 Jacob &
NO2, g/m3 24 hours ** Hochheiser (Na-
Arsenite) Method
2. Chemilumi
nescence (Gas
phase)
3 Particulate Annual 60 60 1. Gravimetric
Matter (size Average * 100 100 ,
less than 24 Hours 2. TOEM,
10m) or ** 3. Beta
PM10, g/m 3 attenuation.
4 Particulate Annual 40 40 1. Gravimetric
Matter (size Average* 60 60 ,
less than 24 Hours 2. TOEM,
2.5m) or ** 3. Beta
PM2.5, g/m3 attenuation.
* Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site

taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals.
** 24 hourly or 08 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be
complied with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but
not on two consecutive days of monitoring.
Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at 5 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2
& CO. Result of Ambient quality parameters is enclosed in Annexure -I.
Page | 112
Table 3.11. Air quality data
Parameters Observed AQ-1 AQ-2 AQ-3 AQ-4 AQ-5

Project Bangli Madhapur Kalola Kalbari
site Para Pathar
village
PM10 24 hourly NAAQS 100 100 100 100 100
(μg/m3) Minimum 52 51 45 21 58
Maximum 73 70 71 32 81
th
98 Percentile 76.5
68.2 65.1 62.8 28.5
PM 2.5 24 hourly NAAQS 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0
(μg/m3) Minimum 22 21 19 5.7 25
Maximum 31 34 31 7.8 33
98th Percentile 31.2
27.6 27.3 25.6 7.2
SO2: 24 hourly NAAQS 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0
(μg/m3) Minimum 5.0 5.0 5.0 9.5 6.0
Maximum 7.3 7.2 7.2 15.1 8.1
th
98 Percentile
6.1 6.3 6.8 14.5 7.6
NOx: 24 hourly NAAQS 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0
(μg/m3) Minimum 9.8 9.3 9.5 55 9.8
Maximum 16.4 15.3 13.9 76 16.9
th
98 Percentile 15.6
15.4 14.6 12.8 72.4
CO: hourly NAAQS 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
(mg /m3) Minimum 0.29 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.29
Maximum 0.46 0.44 0.41 0.44 0.49
98th Percentile 0.41
0.4 0.38 0.38 0.4
3.10 Noise Environment
Noise is unwanted sound, mainly caused in public areas due to construction activities,
movement of machinery & vehicles, DG sets etc. High noise levels can contribute
to cardiovascular effects and exposure to moderately high levels during a single eight
hour period causes a statistical rise in blood pressure of five to ten points and an increase
in stress and vasoconstriction leading to the increased blood pressure noted above as well
as to increased incidence of coronary artery disease. Noise can have a detrimental effect
on animals, increasing the risk of death by changing the delicate balance in predator or
prey detection and avoidance, and interferes the use of the sounds in communication
Page | 113
especially in relation to reproduction and in navigation. Acoustic overexposure can lead

to temporary or permanent loss of hearing. To regulate noise generation & to maintain
noise levels at public places, Noise Pollution (Regulations & Control) Rules, 2000 have
been drafted. As per these rules, noise levels should be managed as per Ambient Air
Quality Standards in respect of Noise. Ambient air quality standards in respect of noise
are given in Table 3.12.
Table 3.12. Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise
Noise dB(A) Leq

Area Code Category of Area
Day time* Night time*
A Industrial Area 75 70
B Commercial Area 65 55
C Residential Area 55 45
D Silence Zone 50 40
Note: Daytime is from 6.00am to 10.00 pm and Night time is from 10.00 pm to 6.00 am.
3.10.1 Methodology
Sound level meter is used for measuring noise level at monitoring sites.It has an
indicating mode of Lp and Leq. Keeping the mode in Lp for few minutes and setting the
corresponding range and the weighting network in “A” weighting set the sound level
meter was run and Leq was measured at all locations. Intensity of sound energy in the
environment is measured in a logarithmic scale and is expressed in a decibel, dB (A)
scale. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6.00am to 10.00pm and night
noise levels, during 10.00pm to 6.00am at all the ten locations covered in 10 km radius of
the study area.
3.10.2 Principle of Sound level Meter
Ordinary sound level meter measures the sound energy that reaches the microphone by
converting it into electrical energy and then measures the magnitude in dB(A). In a
sophisticated type of sound level meter, an additional circuit (filters) is provided, which
modifies the received signal in such a way that it replicates the sound signal as received
Page | 114
by the human ear and the magnitude of sound level in this scale is denoted as dB (A).
The sound levels are expressed in dB (A) scale for the purpose of comparison of noise
levels, which is universally accepted by the international community.
3.10.3 Sampling Locations, Parameters and Frequency
Study area comprises of mixed land-use, i.e. forest, habitations/settlements, open land
etc. Noise quality monitoring was carried out during Post-monsoon season (15.12. 2019-
15.03.2020). Noise Quality Monitoring Stations were selected based on following
criteria.
3.10.4 Criteria for selection of noise quality monitoring stations are:
1) Monitoring stations shall be selected both in dominant upwind and downwind

directions.
2) Monitoring stations to be selected near ecologically sensitive areas.
3) Monitoring stations shall be selected near highly populated areas.
4) Stations shall be selected near main roads or highways
5) Stations shall be selected near industrial or commercial area, if any
Noise quality monitoring station is listed in Table 3.13. Map depicting location of noise
quality monitoring stations is attached as Figure 3.13.
Table 3.13. Location of Noise Quality Monitoring Stations
S. Locations Locations Distance Direction

No. Code
1 Project Site (Silence Zone) NQ1 0 Km Center
2 Madhapur (Residential Zone) NQ2 1.58 Km NE
3 Industry Jamunia (Industrial Zone) NQ3 1.06Km NNW
4 Bangli Para (Residential Zone) NQ4 1.3 Km East
5 Kalbari (Commercial) NQ5 1.0 Km West
Page | 115
Figure 3.13. Locations of Ambient Noise Monitoring Sites
3.10.5 Noise Quality Monitoring Analysis
Table 3.14. Results of Noise Level monitoring in Study Area
S. No. Locatio Location Zone Noise Levels in

n Code dB(A)
Day Night
Time Time (Ln)
(Ld)
1 NQ1 Project Site (Silence 48.4
Zone) Silence Zone 41.5
2 NQ2 Madhapur Residential 49.6
(Residential Zone) zone 42.9
3 NQ3 Industry Jamunia 60.9
(Industrial Zone) Industrial Zone 51.3
4 NQ4 Bangli Para Residential 51.9
(Residential Zone) Zone 43.7
5 NQ5 Kalbari 56.6
(Commercial) Commercial 45.2
Page | 116
3.10.6 Results and Discussion
As per the noise level monitoring data, it has been found that night time Leq varies from
48.4 to 60.9 dB (A) and the daytime Leq (Ld) varies from 41.5 to 51.3 dB (A) within the
study area. Noise levels are within the permissible limits.
3.11 Water Environment
3.11.1 Drainage of Study area:
The project does not intersect any natural drainage route. No perennial or non-perennial
drainage system is found to exist in the project area or being obstructed by the project.
3.11.2 Hydro-Geological of District
Hygeogeologically, the entire area of the is occupied by alluvial sediments of Quaternary

age. Piedmont deposits comprising of coarse clastic sediments like boulder, pebble, gravel
associated with sand and silt from the ground water bearing formation in the northern
part of the district. Ground water occurs under unconfined condition in shallow aquifer
and under semi-confined to confined condition in deeper aquifer. The aquifer is
consisting of sand of various grades with little gravel in the southern part, with a very
good yield prospect for both shallow and deep tube wells. The water level rests at shallow
depth ranging from 2 to 4 m bgl during pre-monsoon period. The post-monsoon ground
water level rests between 1 and 2 m bgl. The size of the aquifer materials gradually
increases from south to north and the depth of water level is also high. The long term
water level trend study shows no significant change of water level in the last 10 years.
The climate of the district is sub-tropical and humid. The average temperature ranges
from 150 to 300 C. The winter season starts by November and continues till February.
December/January is the coldest and July/August is the hottest period. The air is highly
humid through out the year and during rainy season, the relative humidity is about 90
percent. The area receives heavy rainfall every year and out of 2,051 mm of annual
normal rainfall, 60 to 65% is received during June to September from south west
Page | 117
monsoon. The district also receives rainfall during pre-monsoon period from
March/April to May in the form of thunder showers and hail storms.
Figure 3.14. Hydro Geology of Barpeta District.
3.11.3 Ground & Surface Water Quality in Study Area
To evaluate the ground & Surface water quality in the area, a ground water & Surface
quality survey study has been undertaken during post-monsoon season. Ground &
Surface water quality of the study area was studied by analyzing samples from different
Page | 118
locations within the study area. Locations of the ground water & quality monitoring sites
are given in Table 3.15. Map showing location of ground surface water quality
monitoring stations is given as Figure 3.11.
Table 3.15. Location of Ground Water Sampling Sites

Location No. Sampling Locations Direction Distance From
from project Project Site
Site
GW – 1 Project Site Centre 0
GW – 2 Madhapur village East 1.58 km
GW – 3 Bangli Para Village NE 3.56 km
SW-1 Mara Nadi (Upstream) NE 1.5km
SW-2 Mara Nadi (Downstream) SSE 2.6 km
Figure 3.15. Map Showing Ground & Surface Water Monitoring Stations
GW 2 GW 3
SW 1
GW 1
SW2
3.11.4 Ground & Surface water Sampling Frequency and Sampling Techniques
Quality of ground & Surface water was compared with IS: 10500 for drinking purposes.
Water samples were collected as Grab sample from sampling location in a 5 liter plastic
jerry can and 250 ml sterilized clean glass/pet bottle for complete physico-chemical and
Page | 119
bacteriological tests respectively. The samples were analyzed as per standard procedure /
method given in IS: 3025 (Revised Part) and standard method for examination of water
and wastewater Ed. 21st, published jointly APHA, AWWA and WPCF.
Table 3.16. Surface water quality
S.No Location Mara Nadi Mara

Upstream Nadi
Down
stream
Parameters Unit SW-1 SW-2
1 pH value - 7.86 7.89
2 Turbidity NTU 15 18
3 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 70 74
4 Total Suspended solids mg/l 24 26
5 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l 34 38
6 Chlorides (as Cl) mg/l 12 14
7 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 32 34
8 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 7 6
9 Nitrate(as NO3) mg/l 1.9 2.1
10 Fluoride (as F ) mg/l 0.3 0.3
11 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.19 0.23
12 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 0.09 0.08
13 Calcium (as Ca) mg/l 4.1 2.3
14 Magnesium (as Mg2+) mg/l 5.7 6.8
15 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l <0.01 <0.01
16 Potassium (as K) mg/l 2 1.8
17 Sodium (as Na) mg/l 11 12
20 Total arsenic (as As) mg/l <0.01 <0.01
21 Phenolic Compounds (as C6H5OH) mg/l <0.001 <0.001
22 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 0.14 0.12
25 Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/l <0.01 <0.01
28 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 12
29 Bio- Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 1.4 1.6
as BOD (for 3 Days 27 ˚C)
30 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 7.8 7.7
31 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 253 278
Page | 120
Table 3.17. Surface Water quality
S. No. Parameters Unit Limit (as per IS:10500:2012) (GW1) (GW2) (GW3)
Desirable Permissible Project Madhap Banglip
Limit Limit Site ur ara
1. Color Hazan 5 15 <5 <5 <5
2. Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1 <1 <1
3. pH -- 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation 6.86 6.92 7.02
4. Iron mg/l 0.3 No Relaxation 0.15 0.11 0.12
5. Total Dissolve Solids mg/l 500 2000 296 215 237
6. Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 200 600 142 112 120
7. Total Hardness as mg/l 300 600
154 116 128
CaCO3
8. Calcium as Ca mg/l 75 200 27.2 20.2 22.3
9. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30 100 20.6 15.7 17.3
10. Calcium mg/l 75 200 27.2 20.2 22.3
11. Copper mg/l 0.05 1.5 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
12. Chloride as Cl mg/l 250 1000 54 36 40
13. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 200 400 20 12 15
14. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 45 No Relaxation 4.5 3.2 3.6
15. Fluoride as F mg/l 1.00 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
16. Nickel (as Ni) mg/l 0.02 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
17. Aluminum mg/l 0.03 0.2 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
18. Arsenic mg/l 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
19. Cadmium mg/l 0.003 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
20. Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
21. Iron mg/l 0.3 No Relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
22. Copper mg/l 0.05 1.5 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
23. Lead mg/l 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
24. Manganese mg/l 0.1 0.3 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
25. Mercury mg/l 0.001 No Relaxation <0.00
<0.001 <0.001
1
26. Phenolic compound as mg/l 0.001 0.002 <0.00
<0.001 <0.001
C6H5OH 1
Microbiological Parameters
27. Total Coliform mg Shall not be detected Not detected(<2)
/l
28. E. coli mg Shall not be detected Absent
/l
3.11.5 Result & Discussion

Results of ground & Surface water quality monitoring were compared with above
drinking water quality standards. It has been found that all the parameters are within
prescribed limits for ground water and fit for drinking purpose. Surface Water (Mara
River) is not fit for drinking and domestic use without proper treatment.
Page | 121
3.12 Biological Environment
Biological environment includes all the living component of the study area. Biological
component are also termed as biotic component of environment. Biotic component is
broadly divided into fauna & fauna. Flora and fauna of an area are inter-related to each
other and any change in their composition or habit impacts the environment similarly
with changes in environmental conditions, density and composition of plants and
animals undergo changes as well.
The present biological study was carried out in two separate headings for floral and
faunal community for the study area. The information presented has been collected
through field studies, consultation with locals and collation of available literature
from Forest department.
The district is one of the richest biodiversity zones which consist of tropical rainforests,
deciduous forests, riverine grasslands, bamboo orchards and numerous wetland
ecosystems. Forests are an important part of Assam's economy. Timber is a major
product of the states extensive forests and bamboo is another product, bringing Assam
substantial revenue and adding to its wealth.
3.12.1 Floral Community:
The study area was divided into two zones as given below;
i) Core Zone: within the project area.
ii) Buffer Zone: 10 km radius around the project site.
3.12.2 Methodology of the study:
Considering the terrain of the study area, transects were laid along the approach routes
for surveying terrestrial flora and fauna. To enumerate the plant species, for trees circular
plot of 10m was laid. Another circular plot for the shrubs was placed within the tree plot
considering the same center point. 4 plots of 1m X 1m were placed radially for herbs
within the tree plot. On site vegetation pattern and plant species (outside the plot laid)
was documented in the belt of 20m on either side of transect. The documentation of the
Page | 122
faunal species was done using opportunistic sighting method along the transect. The
forest patches / human settlement / agricultural lands were recorded.
3.12.3 Fauna
Simpsons Diversity Indices

Simpsons diversity index calculated for Hail is 0.73 showing the moderate diversity. The
above survey was conducted during the dry season where most of the trees and shrubs
were leafless. Except for few, herbs were completely dried out due to the dry season
which could be the possible reason for the area showing less diversity.
3.12.4 Rare Endangered & Threatened status (RET)
Rare endangered & threatened statuses are given as per the Red list prepared by IUCN.
No plant species belonging to any of the above categories was recorded during the study.
3.12.5 Flora in Core Zone :
Proposed site is mostly open land with some common floral species like Parthenium
hysterophorus, Amaranthus viridus, Solanum nigrum, Eleusine indica, Cannabis sativa and
Mimosa pudica.
3.12.6 Flora in Buffer Zone

Floral study was carried out by making trips to the buffer area. Randomly clusters were
selected including residential area, open land, commercial area & scrubs to study flora of
the buffer zone. Flora found within 10 km area is given below in Table 3.18.
Table 3.18. Flora in Buffer Zone
S. No Species Scientific Name Common Name

1 Tree Ficus bengalensis Barh
2 Tree Ficus carica Dumar/Fig
3 Tree Ficus elastica Athabor,
4 Tree Eucalyptus globules Blue gum
5 Tree Ficus glomerata, Roxb. Gular
6 Tree Ficus religiosa Pipal
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7 Tree Ficus religiosa Ahat
8 Tree Garcinia pedunculata Thekera
9 Tree Grevillea robusta Silver oak
10 Tree Holarrhena antidysentrica Dudh khori
11 Tree Lagerstroemia parviflora Sida
12 Tree Madhuca longifolia Mahua
13 Tree Mangifera indica Aam
14 Tree Manilkara hexandra Oubard
15 Tree Melia azedarch Ghoranim
16 Tree Mesua ferrea Nahar
17 Tree Michelia champaca Tita sopa
18 Tree Nyctanthes arbortristis Sewali
19 Tree Phyllanthus emblica Amlakhi
20 Tree Plumeria rubra Champo
21 Tree Polyalthia longifolia Debdaru
22 Tree Pongamia pinnata Tamsica
23 Tree Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Karanj
24 Tree Putrajiva roxburghii Putranjibi
25 Tree Ravenala madagascariensis Traveller‟s tree
26 Tree Ricinus communis L. Devalo
27 Tree Saraca indica Ashoka tree
28 Tree Acacia auriculaeformis Akasmani
29 Tree Adina cordifolia Taveaksopa
30 Tree Aegle marmelos Bel
31 Tree Ailanthus hexcelsa Tree of heaven
32 Tree Ailanthus integrifolia Borpat
33 Tree Albizzia amara -
34 Tree Albizzia procera Korai
35 Tree Alstonia scholaris Sotiana
36 Tree Altingia excelsa Jituli
37 Tree Anacardium occidentale Cashew nut
38 Tree Anogeissus latifolia Dhau, Dhoy
39 Tree Anona squamosa Sitaphal
40 Tree Anthocephalus cadamba Kadamb
41 Tree Artocarpus chama Sam
42 Tree Artocarpus integrifolia Kathal
43 Tree Azadirachta indica Neem
44 Tree Bauhinia malabarica Tenga kotra
45 Tree Bauhinia purpurea Kanchan
46 Tree Bombax ceiba Semal
47 Tree Bombax malabarica Simalu
48 Tree Bridelia retusa Kohir
49 Tree Butea monosperma Dhak
50 Tree Callistemon citrinus Bottle brush
51 Tree Canarium bengalensis Dhuna
52 Tree Carallia lucida Mohi thekara
53 Tree Carica papaya Papaya
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54 Tree Cassia fistula Sonam
55 Tree Cassia siamea Mirjati
56 Tree Ceiba pentandra White silk cotton
57 Tree Cordia dichotoma Ghap akharea
58 Tree Dalbergia sissoo Sisu
59 Tree Dipterocarpus macrocarpus Hollong
60 Tree Dipterocarpus terbinatus Garjan
61 Tree Terminalia chebula Silikka
62 Tree Tetrameles nudiflora Bhelu
63 Tree Thespesia populnea Portia Tree
65 Tree Thevetia nenilifolia Yellow oleander
66 Tree Zizyphus jujuba Ber
67 Tree Michelia champaca Teeta chap
68 Tree Cocos nucifera Nariyal
69 Tree Areca catechu Supari
70 Tree Vitex negundo Nirgundi
71 Tree Delonix regia Gulmohar
72 Herb Cassia tora Panwar,
73 Herb Commelina diffusa Jalpari
74 Herb Croton bonplandianum -
75 Herb Mimosa pudica Chui-mui, Lajvanti
76 Herb Ocimum sanctum Tulsi
77 Herb Solanum nigrum Mokoi
78 Herb Tridax procumbens Khal-muriya, Tal-muriya
79 Herb Xanthium strumarium Chota Dhatura
80 Herb Cassia hirsuta -
81 Herb Cassia occidentalis Kasunda, Hant-thenga
82 Herb Cannabis sativa Bhang
83 Shrub Calotropis procera Akado
84 Shrub Camellia sinensis Chai (tea)
85 Herb Ageratum conyzoides Jangli pudina, Visadodi
87 Herb Aloe vera Gheekumari
88 Herb Alternanthera sessilis Garundi, Guroo
89 Herb Amaranthus spinosus Kanta chaulai
90 Herb Amaranthus viridis Jungali Chaulayi
91 Herb Boerhavia diffusa Punarnava, Satha
92 Herb Cassia alata Dadmurdan
93 Shrub Cassia viscosa -
94 Shrub Hibiscus rosa sinensis Chinarose
95 Shrub Ipomoea carnea Behaya
96 Shrub Jatropha curcas Ratanjot
97 Shrub Lantana camara Lantana
98 Shrub Tabernaemontana divaricata Chandani
99 Shrub Thuja occidentalis Thuja
100 Shrub Triumfetta rhomboidea Chikti
101 shrub Parthenium hysterophorus Gajar Ghas
102 Climber Coccinia grandis Kunduru
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103 Climber Cuscuta reflexa Amarbel
104 Climber Ipomoea quamoclit Kanlata
105 Climber Smilax macrophylla Kumarika,
106 Grass Cyperus rotundus Bara-nagar-motha, Motha
107 Grass Dactyloctenium aegyptium Makara
108 Grass Eleusine indica Malankuri, Balraja,
Mandla
109 Aquatic Plants Ceratophyllum demersum -
110 Aquatic Plants Eichhornia crassipes Jal Kumbhi
111 Aquatic Plants Hydrilla verticillata Jhangi, Kureli
112 Aquatic Plants Ipomea aquatica -
113 Aquatic Plants Lemna minor -
114 Aquatic Plants Potamogeton crispus -
115 Aquatic Plants Sagittaria latifolia -
116 Bamboos Bambusa multiplex -
117 Bamboos Bambusa textilis Wever‟s Bamboo
3.12.7 Faunal Community:

A general faunal study was carried out for both the core zone and buffer zone separately as
given below: Field survey was conducted to evaluate faunal composition of the study area (core
and buffer zone) within the project area. Primary data like faunal composition was recorded
during site visit and secondary data was collected from the Forest department to get the correct
picture of the study area. Area within 10 km radius of project site mainly consists of
agricultural field and human settlements which support wildlife habitat insignificantly.
3.12.7.1 Fauna of core zone :
Among fauna, common birds / avifaunal species were observed within site i.e. Crows,
Doves, Sparrow, Egrets, Kingfisher, Eagle, Duck, Lesser Adjutant Storks, Open bill
stork, Indian roller, Parakeet, Drongo and Mynas. Rhesus monkeys, squirrels, rats,
bandicoots and mongoose were also commonly sighted in the site. The amphibians were
seen frequently in and around the water bodies. More than 32% of the project site is
covered under green area. A multi-layered green belt is provided at periphery all along
the project boundary. It includes park, lawns, green belt. Faunal species found at project
site area is given in Table 3.19.
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Table 3.19. Fauna in Core Zone
Sl. Local Names Zoological Names

No.
Amphibians
1 Toad Bufo sp.
2 Frog Rana tigrina
Reptiles
3 Indian garden lizards Calotes versicolor
4 House lizards Hemidactylus sp.
Mammals:
5 Cat (domestic) Felis catus
6 Dog (domestic) Canis lupus familiaris
7 Rat Rattus rattus
8 Hare Lepus ruficaudatus
9 Porcupine Hystrix indicus
10 Five-stripped Squirrel Funambulus pennati
11 Mongoose Herpestes edwards
12 Rhesus monkeys Macaca mulatta
Bandicoots Bandicota indica
Aves:
13 Crow Corves splendens
14 Sparrow Passer domesticus
15 Baya Ploceus philippinus
16 Parrot Psittacula krameri
17 Doves Streptopelia turtur
18 Pigeon Columba livia
19 Egretta Egretta spp.
20 Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus
21 Myna Acridotheres tristis
22 Koel Eudynamys scoloopacea
23 Cuckoo Cuculus micropterces
24 Kingfisher Alcedo cristata
25 Brahmini Kite Haliastur indus
26 Duck (domestic) Anas platyrhynchos domesticus
27 Lesser Adjutant Storks Leptoptilos javanicus
28 Open bill stork Anastomus oscitans
29 Indian roller Coracias benghalensis
30 Rose-ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri
31 Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus
32 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii
33 Asian Koel Udynamys scolopaceus
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3.12.7.2 Fauna in Buffer Zone:
Faunal Species found in Buffer zone is given in Table 3.20 below:

Table 3.20. List of Species in Buffer Zone (10 Km Radius)
Sl. No. Local Names Zoological Names

Amphibians
1 Toad Bufo sp.
2 Bholka beng Hoplobatrachus tigerinus
3 Chuk bhekuli Duttaphrynus melanostictus
4 Pani beng Euphilictys cyanophilictys
5 Belun beng Uperodon globulosus
6 Patia Patbeng Polypedates teraiensis
Reptiles
78 Indian garden lizards Calotes versicolor
9 Jethi Hemidactylus frenatus
10 Tezpia Calotes versicolor
11 Kola feti Ophiophagus hannah
12 Feti Naja kaouthia
13 Ajagar Python bivittatus
14 Gui Xap Varanus salvator
15 Bamuni Xap Amphiesma stolatum
16 Asiatic Rock Python Python molurus
17 Common Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus
18 Checkered Keelback Xenochrophis piscator
19 Indian Monitor Lizard Varanus bengalensis
20 House Lizard Hemidactylus brookii
21 Indian Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor
22 Indian Flap-shell Turtle Lissemys punctata
23 Fan-Throated Lizard Sitana ponticeriana
24 Indian Cobra Naja naja
25 Russell‟s Viper Daboia russelii
Mammals:
27 Banaria gahori Sus scrofa
28 Hiyal Vulpes bengalensis
29 Xohapahu Lepus nigricollis
30 Banaria Moh Bubalus arnee
31 Malua Bandor Macaca mulatta
32 Neoul Herpestes javanicus
33 Baduli Pteropus giganteus
34 Kerketua Callosciurus pygerythrus
35 Endur Rattus rattus
36 Nigoni Mus musculus
37 Mus musculus Elephas maximus
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38 Rat Rattus rattus
39 Hare Lepus ruficaudatus
40 Porcupine Hystrix indicus
41 Five-stripped Squirrel Funambulus pennati
42 Jungle Cat Felis chaus
43 Mongoose Herpestes edwards
44 Leopard Panthera pardus
45 Jackal Canis aureus
46 Indian Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii
47 Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta
48 Indian Palm Squirrel Funambulus pennantii
49 Porcupine Hystrix indica
50 Common House Rat Rattus rattus
51 Indian flying Fox Pteropus giganteus
52 Cat Felis sp.
53 Dog Cuon sp.
54 Cow Bos sp.
55 Buffalo Bison bison
56 Horse Equs sp.
Aves: (As per Birdlife International)

Number of species: 650
Number of globally threatened species: 36
Date last reviewed: 2015-06-13
Commonly found species are :
1 Dhura kauri Corvus macrorhynchos
2 Kauri Corvus splendens
3 Paro Columbo livia
4 Bhula bhatou Psittacula eupatria
5 Moupia Chalcoparia singalensis
6 Lakkhi fesa Tyto alba
7 Kuli Eudynamys scolopaceus
8 Moyna sorai Gracula religiosa
9 Hargila Leptoptilos javanicus
10 Sat bhoni Turdoides striata
11 Sek seki Dendrocitta vagabunda
12 Siloni Milvus migrans
13 Bor Salika Acridotheres grandis
14 Kapou Streptopelia decaocto
15 Bulbuli Pycnonotus cafer
16 Dohi kotora Copsychus saularis
17 Masroka Alcedo atthis
18 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo
19 Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger
20 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea
21 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
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22 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea
23 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii
24 Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia
25 Common Teal Anas crecca
26 Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus
27 Common Coot Fulica atra
28 Red Wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus
29 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius
30 Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola
31 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos
32 Eurasian Color Dove Streptopelia decaocto
33 Rose Ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri
34 Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus
35 Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus
36 Little Swift Apus affinis
37 Common Swift Apus apus
38 House Swift Apus nipalensis
39 Great Tit Parus major
40 Fork Tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis
41 House Sparrow Passer domesticus
42 Red Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer
43 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea
3.12.7.3 Fish Diversity
Fish diversity of of one wetland (Table 3.21) and of one River (Table 3.22) are given in the
tables.
Table 3.21. Fishes of Puthimari Beel
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Table 3.22. Fish Diversity of Beki River
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3.13 Socio Economic Environment
Socio-economic study refers to study of human behavior in relation to its surroundings.

It is multidisciplinary, using theories and methods from Sociology, Economics, History,
Psychology, Geography etc. The study area consists of the core area where the project is
expected to come up and a buffer area encircling the project area with a radius of two
kilometers from the periphery of the core area. For every new and expansion project
socio-economic impact assessment is mandatory as per the laws of the land. The Socio-
economic impact assessment focuses the effect of the project on social and economic
well-being of the community.
The above assessment is made through a socio-economic survey conducted by a team of

experts that often consist of a demographer, statistician, econometrician, social scientist,
health expert and gender specialist. The outcome of the study relies on both quantitative
and qualitative measure of impacts. The impacts are evaluated in terms of changes in
community demographics, housing, employment, wage income, market effects, public
services, retail business, quality of life and artistic qualities of the community.
Qualitative assessment of community perceptions about development is an important
measure of development impacts. Assessing developments in socio-economic context
will help the community leaders and local people identify potential social equity issues,
evaluate the adequacy of social services and determine whether the project has adverse
effects on overall social well-being or not.
3.13.1 Scope of the study

The Scope of socio-economic impact assessment of the project is as follows:
a) To collect Demography data in study area (area within 5 km radius of
project site)
b) To comprehend socio-economic status of the people living in the study
area.
c) To assess probable impact of the project on social and economic aspects in
the study area.
d) To measure the impact of the project on Quality of life of the people living
in the study area.
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e) To ensure sustainability of positive impact.

f) To suggest mitigation measures and agency responsible for taking action in
case of adverse impact.
3.13.2 Concept & Definition of Terms used in the report
Study Area: The study area, also known as impact area has been defined as the sum
total of core area and buffer area, i.e. area within radius of 5 Kilometers from the
periphery of the project site. The study area includes all the land marks both natural and
manmade, falling therein.
Figure 3.16. Area within 5km Radius of Project Site
QoL: The Quality of Life (QoL) refers to degree to which a person enjoys the important
possibilities of his/her life. The „Possibilities‟ result from the opportunities and
limitations, each person has in his/her life and reflect the interaction of personal and
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environmental factors. Enjoyment has two components: the experience of satisfaction

and the possession or achievement of some characteristic.
Household: A group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a
common kitchen are called a household. Persons living in a household may be related or
unrelated or a mix of both. However, if a group of related or unrelated persons live in a
house but do not take their meals from the common kitchen, then they are not part of a
common household. Each such person is treated as a separate household. There may be
one member households, two member households or multi-member households.
Sex Ratio: Sex ratio is the ratio of females to males in a given population. It is expressed
as 'number of females per 1000 males'.
Literates: All persons aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with
understanding in any language are taken as literate. It is not necessary for a person to
have received any formal education or passed any minimum educational standard for
being treated as literate. People who are blind but can read in Braille are also treated as
literates.
Literacy Rate: Literacy rate of population is defined as the percentage of literates to the
total population aged 7 years and above.
Labour Force: The labour force is the number of people employed and unemployed in a
geographical entity. The size of the labour force is the sum total of persons employed and
unemployed. An unemployed person is defined as a person not employed but actively
seeking work. Normally, the labour force of a country consists of everyone of working
age (commencing from 16 years) and below retirement (65 years) that are participating
workers, that is people actively employed or seeking employment. People not counted
under labour force are students, retired persons, stay-at home people, people in prisons,
permanently disabled persons and discouraged workers.
Work: Work is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or

without compensation, wages or profit. Such participation may be physical and/or
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mental in nature. Work involves not only actual work but also includes effective
supervision and direction of work. The work may be part time or full time or unpaid
work in a farm, family enterprise or in any other economic activity.
Worker: All persons engaged in 'work' are defined as workers. Persons who are engaged
in cultivation of land or milk production even solely for domestic consumption are also
treated as workers.
Main Workers: Those workers who had worked for the major part of the reference
period (i.e. 6 months or more in the case of a year) are termed as Main Workers.
Marginal Workers: Those workers who did not work for the major part of the reference
period (i.e. less than 6 months) are termed as Marginal Workers.
Work participation rate: The work participation rate is the ratio between the labour
force and the overall size of their cohort (national population of the same age range). In
the present study the work participation rate is defined as the percentage of total workers
(main and marginal) to total population.
Birth Rate: The ratio of total live births to total population in a specified community or
area over a specified period of time. The birthrate is often expressed as the number of live
births per 1,000 of the population per year also called natality.
Death Rate: The ratio of total deaths to total population in a specified community or
area over a specified period of time. The death rate is often expressed as the number of
deaths per 1,000 of the population per year. It is also called fatality rate or mortality rate.
Maternal Mortality Rate: The maternal mortality rate, the number of maternal deaths
per 1,000 women of reproductive age in the population (generally defined as 15-44 years
of age).
Infant Mortality Rate: The infant mortality rate, the number of deaths of children less
than 1 year old per 1000 live births.
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3.13.3 Study Components & Findings of Survey

Socio-Economic Status
 Rural & urban areas in study area

 Total Population by sex and sector.
 Social groups
 Literacy Status
 workers
 Number of households and household size
 Sex ratio
 Total number of literates
 Distribution of literates by sex
 Literacy rate and Gender gap in literacy rate
 Total number of workers
 Distribution of workers by sex
 Main and Marginal workers and their distribution by sex.
 Classification and distribution of workers into cultivators, Agricultural labour,
household industrial workers and other workers.
3.13.4 Demography
The district wise total area is 2,282 sq. km. [as per 2011 census] with 2,245.62 sq. km.
(Rural) and 36.38 sq. km urban setting. Barpeta town is situated about 140 k.m.
Northwest from Guwahati. As of 2011 India census, Barpeta has a population of
1,693,622. Males constitute 867,004 of the population and females 826,618. Schedule
caste population is 95,320, out of this 73,946 are rural population and 21,374 is urban
population. Schedule Tribe population 27,344 (Rural 25,829 and urban 1,515). Literacy
rate in rural areas of Barpeta district is 61.47 % as per census data 2011. Gender wise,
male and female literacy stood at 67.09 and 55.56 percent respectively. In total, 782,462
people were literate of which males and females were 437,702 and 344,760 respectively.
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Barpeta and Bajali. In Barpeta district there are 9 Revenue Circles and 12 CD Blocks
which comprises 835 villages including 10 uninhabited villages. There are twelve
community development blocks, 129 gaon panchayats, Total 835 villages among which
825 inhabited villages, 1 Zila Parishad, 11 Anchalik Parishad , two municipal board,
four town committees, one census town, and one revenue town. There are eight revenue
circles in the district. The total number of household is 337320 (306,434 Rural and
31,495 Urban) where 111 are houseless. The density of population is 742 and sex ratio is
953. While the highest number with 174 inhabited villages is found in Mandia CD block
and lowest inhabited villages with 15 inhabited villages is found in Jalah(pt) CD Block.
The community development blocks are
2. Bajali C.D Block
7. Rupshi C.D Block
11. Chenga C.D Block.
12. Jalah C.D Block
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Site Visit Photographs
Test of Ambient environment Collection of soil Sample
Mustard Cultivation within 10 Km radius Cabbage Cultivation within 10 Km radius
Fish survey in the pond Fish survey in the river
Fishing activity in the river Pahumara
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Table 3.23. Revenue circles and Number of villages in Barpeta District
Name of Name of No. of Head Quarter

Sub- Revenue village
division Circle
1 Barpeta 147 Barpeta
Baghbar 181 Mandia
Sarthebari 129 Sarthebari
Barnagar 98 Sorbhog
Kalgachia 103 Kalgachia
Chenga 80 Chenga
2 Bajali 91 Patacharkuchi
Sarupeta 81 Sarupeta
Jalah 15 Jalah
3.14 Conclusion
A baseline study has been carried out to determine air, water, soil, noise, social &
biological environment of study area. Study has been carried out during Winter, Pre
monsoon and monsoon season, i.e. from 01.12. 2019 to 30.06.2020.
Soil of the study area is sandy clay loamy to loamy in texture & is slightly alkaline. Soil
can be used for growing crops by treating it to neutralize its pH. Referring to the CGWB
report, it Ground water occurs in sand, silt, kankar and gravel, which form potential
aquifer zones. Depth to water level of district during pre-monsoon varies from 1.83 –
6.55 m while during post-monsoon it varies from 0-52 – 5.92 m. Air quality of the area is
also found well within the prescribed CPCB limits except PM levels at some places.
Noise levels area also found within permissible limit.
As per biological study of area, no endangered/threatened species or species listed in

Schedule I of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, is found in study area. It is found that the
environment is not critical & the expansion project will not lead to any harm to the
surrounding environment.
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CHAPTER 4
Anticipated
Environmental Impacts
and its Mitigation
Measures
Page | 143
Chapter 4
Anticipated Environmental Impacts and its Mitigation
Measures
4.1 Identification of Impacts
In this chapter, an endeavor has been made to identify various environmental impacts
associated with the operation of facility and other activities wherein, there may be a
chance of pollution. Based on the possible worst case emissions and waste generation
from the proposed project and also taking into consideration the baseline environmental
status at the proposed project site, the environmental factors that are likely to be affected
(Impacts) are identified, quantified and assessed. Both instrumental (positive) and
detrimental (negative) impacts are accounted for this purpose. The prediction of impacts
helps in the preparation of a sound environmental management plan which has to be
executed during the on-going activities for the proposed project to minimize the adverse
impacts on the environmental quality.
4.2 Methodology
The potential impacts on the environment from the proposed project are identified based
on the nature of the various activities associated not only with the project
implementation and operation, but also on the current status of the environmental
quality at the project site.
4.3 Potential Impacts
The potential significant environmental impacts associated with the project are grouped
as below:
Air Environment
1. Impacts on ambient air quality
2. Impacts on ambient odor
3. Impacts on ambient noise
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Water Environment
1. Impacts on surface & ground water quality
2. Impacts on aquatic life
Land Environment
1. Impacts on land use

2. Impacts on agriculture/ soil fertility
Socio Economics
1. Impacts on infrastructure
2. Impacts on employment
Indirect Impacts
1. Impacts on public health and safety
2. Impacts on aesthetics
The impact assessment is carried out for the following phases and presented in the
following paragraphs.
1. Impacts during construction / development phase
2. Impacts during operation phase
4.4. Impacts during Construction phase

Construction phase works include site clearance, site formation, building works,
infrastructure provision and any other infrastructure activities. The impacts due to
construction activities are short term and are limited to the construction phase. The
impacts will be mainly on air quality, water quality, soil quality and socio-economics.
4.4.1 Impact on Air Quality
The principal potential source of air quality impact arising from the construction of the
proposed project is fugitive dust generation. The dust, measurable as Particulate Matter
would be generated as a result of construction activities.
The potential dust sources associated with construction activities are loading and
unloading of the materials, top soil removal, travel over unpaved roads and wind erosion
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etc. The construction works associated with the proposed development are broadly given
below.
1. Site development and foundation works

2. Dust generation due to vehicles bringing raw materials
3. Un loading of raw materials, removal of un wanted waste material from site
4. Civil constructions and provision of infrastructure required for various activities
proposed
Exhaust emissions from vehicles and equipment deployed during the construction phase
is also likely to result in marginal increase in the levels of SO2, NOX, PM, CO and un-
burnt hydrocarbons. The impact of such activities would be temporary and restricted to
the construction phase. The impact is generally confined to the project area and is
expected to be negligible outside the plant boundaries.
4.4.1.1 Mitigation Measures – Air Quality
For the proposed project site levelling and grading will be carried out, where ever
possible to maintain the natural elevations they will not be disturbed, only levelling
activity will be carried out for providing roads, sewage network, storm water system, and
places required for providing buildings for administrative, plant shed erection. According
to the engineering assessment; most of the excavated material shall be reused within the
project boundary. The movement of cut and fill material will be limited.
Dust will be generated from the movement of construction vehicles on unpaved roads.
Unloading and removal of soil material shall also act as a potential source for dust
nuisance. The control measures proposed to be taken up are given below.
1. The important dust suppression measures proposed will be regular water

sprinkling on main haul roads in the project area, this activity will be carried
out at least twice a day, if need arises frequency will be increased on windy
days, in this way around 50% reduction on the dust contribution from the
exposed surface will be achieved.
2. The duration of stockpiling will be as short as possible as most of the material
will be used as backfill material for the open cut trenches for road
development.
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3. Temporary tin sheets of sufficient height (3m) will be erected around the site of
dust generation or all around the project site as barrier for dust control.
4. Tree plantations around the project boundary will be initiated at the early
stages by Plantation of 2 to 3 years old saplings, regular watering will be done,
so that the area will be moist for most part of the day.
5. To reduce the dust movement from civil construction site to the
neighbourhood the external part of the building (administration, canteen, etc)
will be covered by plastic sheets.
Given the implementation of proper control measures for dust suppression, no adverse
impacts are expected.
4.4.2 Impact on Water Quality
The proposed project will involve various construction activities. The following section
summarizes the activities likely to be undertaken during the proposed development and
describes the potential impacts on water quality from each activity. The site formation
may produce large quantities of run-off with high suspended solids loading in the
absence of appropriate mitigation measures. This potential problem may be aggravated
during rainy season.
The used engine oil and lubricants, and their storage as waste materials as the potential
to create impacts if spillage occurs. Waste oil may infiltrate into the surface soil layers, or
runoff into local Water courses, increasing hydrocarbon levels. Proper precautionary
measures should be taken to prevent any spillage of the above materials and their
subsequent runoff into the water bodies.
During construction, impacts from the workers include waste and wastewater generated
from eating areas, and sewage from temporary sanitary facilities. Sewage is
characterized by high levels of BOD, ammonia and E.Coli. Significant water quality
impact will happen only if the sewage is discharged directly into the receiving waters
without any prior treatment.
4.4.2.1 Mitigation Measures – Water Quality
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During site development necessary precautions will be taken, so that the runoff water
from the site gets collected to working pit and if any over flow is, will be diverted to
nearby greenbelt/ plantation area. During construction activity all the equipment
washed water will be diverted to working pit to arrest the suspended solids if any and the
settled water will be reused for construction purposes, and for sprinkling on roads to
control the dust emission, etc.
The domestic waste water generated from temporary toilets used by the work force will
be diverted to septic tank followed by soak pit. If the waste water generation is more a
mobile STP will be hired from local suppliers.
4.4.3 Impact of Noise Levels
The major activities, which produce periodic noise, during construction phase, are
as follows:
 Foundation works
 Fabrication of structures
 Plant erection
 Operation of construction equipment
 Movement of vehicles etc.
4.4.3.1 Mitigation Measures - Noise
All noise generating equipment will be used during day time for brief period of its
requirement. Proper enclosures will be used for reduction in noise levels, where ever
possible the noise generating equipment will be kept away from the human habituation.
Therefore, impact on noise environment due to proposed project would be insignificant.
All vehicles entering into the project will be informed to maintain speed limits, and not
blow horns unless it is required.
4.4.4 Impact Due to Solid Waste Generation
This category of waste generation in the proposed project is due to different types of raw
materials being used during construction stage in general may comprise the following
 Cement concrete
 Bricks, tiles,
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 Cement plaster
 Steel (RCC, door/ window frames, roofing support, railings of staircase etc)
 Rubble, sand, Stone (Marble, granite, sand stone)
 Timber/wood
 Paints/varnishes
Besides above there are some major and minor components namely conduits, geo
membrane, pipes, electrical fixtures, panels, etc. all the above items will be segregated
and stored at the site and once the facility established the same will be used in respective
treatment facilities within the site.
4.4.4.1 Mitigation Measures - Solid Waste

The solid waste generated during this period being predominantly inert in nature. Hence
maximum effort would be made to reuse and recycle them. The most of the solid waste
material can be used for filing/ levelling of low-laying areas within the site. All attempts
should be made to stick to the following measures.
 All construction waste shall be stored within the site itself. A proper screen will
be provided so that the waste does not get scattered.
 Attempts will be made to keep the waste segregated into different heaps as far
as possible so that their further gradation and reuse is facilitated.
 Materials, which can be reused for purpose of construction, levelling, making

roads/ pavement will also be kept in separate heaps from those which are to be
sold.
 The local body or a private company may be arranged to provide appropriate

number of skip containers/ trolleys on hire.
The use of the construction material basically depends on their separation and conditions
of the separated material. A majority of these materials are durable and therefore, have a
high potential for reuse. It would, however, be desirable to have quality standards for the
recycled materials. Construction waste can be used in the following manner.
 Reuse of bricks, tiles, stone slabs, timber, piping railings etc to the extent
possible and depending upon their conditions.
 Sale/ auction of materials which cannot be used at the site due to design
constraint
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 Plastics, broken glass, scrap metal etc will be stored and processed within the
site premises.
 Rubble/ brick bats can be used for building activity, such as levelling, under
coat of lanes where the traffic does not constitute heavy moving loads.
 Larger unusable pieces can be sent for filing up low laying areas.
 Fine material such as sand, dust, etc can be used as cover material
 The unearthed soil can be used for levelling as well as for lawn development
 The broken pieces of the flooring material can be used for levelling in the
building or can be disposed off
 The unused or remaining paints/varnishes/wood can either be reused or can

be disposed off.
4.4.5 Impact on Land Environment
No significant impacts on land use are anticipated from construction activities.

However, there may be minor impacts because of construction debris, paint, diesel etc
4.4.5.1. Mitigation measures for Land Environment
Following steps are proposed to take care of impact of construction activity on project
land area:
 On completion of civil works, all debris etc. will be completely removed from site
to avoid any incompatibility with future use.
 Other materials like paint, diesel etc. will be properly stored and handled to
prevent any spillage on land.
 All the wastes will be stored at a designated site within the premises to prevent
scattered discharge on land.
4.4.6 Socio-Economics
Overall socio - economic effect of construction phase will be positive due to direct and
indirect employment opportunity for the local livings. Local people from nearby villages
of the surroundings from the site will be employed for construction work to the
maximum extent possible.
4.4.7 Ecology
Page | 150
Proposed facility will not involve any trees cutting exercise so, there will be no impact on
ecology. However, about 33% of total plot area is proposed for green belt development.
4.5 Impacts during Operation Phase
During the operation phase of the proposed project there would be impacts on the air
environment, water environment, Land environment and socio-economic aspects.
4.5.1 Prediction of Impacts on the Air Environment
Prediction of impacts from the proposed project on the ambient air quality was carried
out using air quality simulation models. The main sources of air pollution are as follows.
1. Line source emissions from Vehicular movement
2. Point source emissions from Incinerator, DG set.
The emissions from the DG sets are minimal since they will be operated only during
power failures.
Atmospheric Dispersion of Stack Emissions
In order to estimate the ground level concentrations due to the emissions from the
proposed project, EPA approved American Meteorological Society/Environmental
Protection Agency Regulatory Model - AERMOD 7.0.3 dispersion Model has been
used. AERMOD dispersion Model provides option to model emissions from a wide
range of sources that are present at a typical industrial source complex. The model
considers the
sources and receptors in undulated terrain as well as plain terrain and the combination of
both. The basis of the model is the straight line steady state Gaussian Plume Equation.
Where C = Plume contaminant concentration (µg/m3)

Q = Pollutant emission rate (g/s)
u = Average wind speed (m/s)
σy = y direction plume standard deviation (m)
σz = z direction plume standard deviation (m)
y = y position (m)
z = z position (m)
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H = Effective stack height (m)
AERMOD dispersion model with the following options has been used to predict the
cumulative ground level concentrations due to the proposed emissions. Area being rural,
rural dispersion parameters is considered
 Predictions have been carried out to estimate concentration values over radial
distance of 10 km around the sources
 A combination of Cartesian and Polar receptor network has been considered
 Emission rates from the sources were considered as constant during the entire
period
 The ground level concentrations computed were as is basis without any

consideration of decay coefficient
 Calm winds recorded during the study period were also taken into
consideration
 24-hour mean meteorological data extracted from the meteorological data

collected during the study period as per guidelines of IMD/CPCB has been
used to compute the mean ground level concentrations to study the impact on
study area.
Pollution Sources
 The main air pollutant expected from line sources are fugitive dust generation
from the movement incoming & outgoing vehicle.
 To minimize the impact from line source, black carpeted road will be
maintained properly to reduce the dust generation. All vehicles will be
maintained properly to meet emission standard of respective vehicles wides.
Green belt will be provided along the boundary and along the road.
 The point source emissions considered for the proposed project are Incinerator
and DG set. The DG set will be used only during power failure for emergency
requirements. Hence the impacts from the DG set will be felt only during power
failure. The inputs used to run the model are stack details, emissions details are
given in Table 4.1 and twenty four hours mean meteorological data is given in
Table 4.2.
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 The Predicted maximum Ground level concentration of 24 Hour average PM,

SO2 and NOx concentrations considering 24 hour mean meteorological data of
study season are superimposed on the maximum baseline concentrations
obtained during the study period to estimate the post project scenario, which
would prevail at the post operational phase. The overall scenario with predicted
concentrations over the maximum baseline concentrations is shown in Table 4.3
and isopleths are shown in the Figure 4.1 to 4.3.


Table 4.1 Stack Emissions Details
Details Incinerator DG Set

Capacity 250 kg/hr 100 kVA
Type of fuel Light Diesel Oil HSD
Height of the stack (m) 30 7
Temp of flue gas (°C) 120 492
Internal Dia. of the stack (m) 0.85 0.2
Velocity of flue gas (m/s) 16.5 15.5
Volumetric Flow rate (m3/s) 9.36 0.49
PM Emissions (g/s) 0.35 -
SO2 Emissions (g/s) 1.42 0.005
NOx Emissions (g/s) 2.84 0.09
Emission Standards
PM Emissions (mg/Nm3) 50 -
3
SO2 Emissions (mg/Nm ) 200 -
NOx Emissions (mg/Nm3) 400 -
Note 1: DG Set: Sulphur content in diesel - 350 mg/kg As per BS-III Standards
NOx limit 4 g/kW-h as per Gazette of India - G.S.R .771(E) Environmental Protection)
Third amended rules dated 11th December 2013. Incinerator: Based on outlet emission
standards.
Note 2:
As per United States Environmental Protection Agency (AP – 42) incinerator emission
factors are as given below:
1. PM emission factor is 2.33 kg/tonne of medical waste (0.16 g/s for a capacity
of 250 kg/hr)
2. SO2 emission factor is 1.09 kg/tonne of medical waste (0.08 g/s for a capacity
of 250 kg/hr)
3. NOx emission factor is 1.78 kg/tonne of medical waste (0.12 g/s for a
capacity of 250 kg/hr)
Page | 153
Table 4.2. 24 Hours Mean Meteorological Data for Winter, Pre Monsoon and
Monsoon Season (December 2019 to June 2020)
Relative
Temperature Humidity Wind Direction Wind Speed Stability
Hour (°C) (%) (Degree) (m/s) Class
1 18.7 70 45 2.52 6
2 16.5 74 45 2.23 6
3 15.4 70 45 1.64 6
4 13.6 72 45 2.45 6
5 10.5 74 180 2.34 6
6 13.4 72 360 1.13 6
7 15.7 71 45 1.54 5
8 18.8 70 45 2.56 4
9 20.2 70 45 2.31 4
10 23.4 69 45 2.65 3
11 26.5 65 45 2.67 2
12 28.8 58 45 3.02 1
13 30.4 52 45 3.12 1
14 31.9 47 360 2.87 1
15 30.1 49 45 2.43 2
16 27.9 53 45 2.12 3
17 25.4 59 180 2,02 4
18 23.3 62 45 2.13 5
19 22.1 64 20 1.88 6
20 18.8 68 45 2.12 6
21 17.6 70 360 2.23 6
22 15.4 72 45 2.03 6
23 16.5 74 90 2.14 6
24 17.8 79 45 2.02 6
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Table 4.3. Post Project Scenario – Units: μg/m3
Particulars Particulate Sulphur Oxides of

Matter (PM) dioxide (SO2) Nitrogen (NOx)
Baseline Scenario (Max) 55.0 14.5 24.7
Predicted GLC (Max) 0.23 0.95 2.1
Overall Scenario (Worst Case) 55.2 15.5 26.8
Direction South West
Distance (km) 0.55
NAAQ Standards 24 hourly 100 80 80
2009 Annual 60 50 40
4.5.1.1 Air Pollution Mitigation Measures
The major air pollutants generated from the proposed project are given below.
 Dust particulates in flue gas
 Sulphur dioxide (SO2) in flue gas
 Nitrogen oxides (NOx) in flue gas
Incinerator
Incinerator will be provided with a stack height meeting MoEFCC Guidelines

(minimum 30m), quencher, venturi scrubber, and alkaline wet scrubber. Potential
pollutants and respective pollution control devices are as listed below:
Dioxins: To prevent reformation of dioxins by rapidly lowering the flue gas

temperatures, particularly from 500 °C to less than 200 °C by adopting rapid quenching
Mercury: If the feeding waste contains mercury and its compounds, activated carbon
treatment for control of these emissions is given, as necessary to meet the emission
standards prescribed in Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016.
Particulate Matter: A venturi scrubber shall be put in place (after quencher) to remove
particulate matter.
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Mist: Often there is a need to eliminate the mist in the stack emissions, therefore, where
necessary de-mister may be provided.
HCl Emissions: A wet alkaline scrubber will be provided to remove HCl emissions.
Caustic soda solution shall be injected in wet alkaline scrubber for
neutralization/removal of HCl.
Gases: For proper dispersion of Sulphur dioxide & Oxides of Nitrogen emissions from
the incinerator stack height meeting MoEFCC/CPCB guidelines will be provided for
proper dispersion into atmosphere.
4.5.2 Impact on Water Quality

The water demand of the project will be met through groundwater. To minimize the
water consumption; water saving options will be planned.
 Improve energy efficiency of operations
 Eliminate leaks of the pipelines
 Rain water holding tanks
 Treatment and reuse of wastewater
The details of the wastewater generation from various activities are given in Table 4.4
Table 4.4. Wastewater Generation Details
S. Utility Water Treated/ Total Waste Remarks

No required Recirculated Water Water
Water Generation
Sent to ETP
1 Bio-Medical 24.0 100.0 124.0 106.0
Incinerator make up for
Water recirculation
2 Floor Washings / 4.0 0 4.0 3.0

Workshop/Vehicle
maintenance
4 Domestic 2.0 0 2.0 1.0 Septic
tank/soak pit
5 Green belt 2.0 0 2.0 - -
Total 32.0 100.0 132.0 110.0
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4.5.2.1 Water Impacts Mitigation Measures
Wastewaters including vehicle and container washing, floor washing, incineration,

recycling plants shall be treated at ETP. The domestic wastewater will be sent to septic
tank followed by soak pit for the safe guard of water environment. The treated waste
water shall be continuously recirculated to fulfil water requirement of APCDs.
Storm water drains shall be provided throughout the facility taking topography into
consideration. The storm water drains are connected to rain water collection chamber.
The
rain water thus collected shall be used for greenbelt, vehicle washing etc., after treatment,
if necessary.
4.5.3 Noise Environment
The major source of noise in proposed project will be from unloading of bio-medical
waste and use of Incinerator, DG set, pumps, motors etc.
4.5.3.1 Noise mitigation measures
Adequate measures for noise control, at the design stage shall be taken such as keeping
high noise generating equipment‟s like pumps, motors, etc., on anti-vibration pads,
closed rooms and regular maintenance as suggested by the manufacturer. Some of the
mitigation measures proposed is as below
 Noise level specification of the various equipment‟s as per the Occupational

Safety and Health Association (OSHA) standards.
 Providing suitable enclosures (adequate insulation) to minimize the impact of

high noise generating sources.
 Employees will be provided with PPE like ear plugs, helmets, safety shoes, etc.
 Development of greenbelt all along the boundary and along the roads within the
project
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4.5.4 Impacts on Land Environment and Mitigation Measures
Waste such as incineration ash generated in the process of incineration shall be stored in
a separate area under the shed so as to avoid entry of rain water during the monsoon and
for easy collection and in case, incineration ash is hazardous in nature and the same
should be disposed through authorized TSDF.
4.5.5 Impact on Socio Economics and Mitigation Measures
The proposed facility is likely to provide direct and indirect employment and likely to
increase the socio-economic status of the nearby villages in the study area. Due to
proposed project the facilities for public transport, water supply, telecommunications,
education and public wealth are likely to improve.
4.5.6 Impact on Ecology and Mitigation Measures
There is no ecological and otherwise sensitive areas viz. wildlife sanctuary, national
parks, archeological important areas within 10 km radius of the project site. There are no
known rare, endangered or ecologically significant animal and plant species. Except for a
few wild species of plants and grasses and a few animals that are very commonly spotted
in any rural environment, the study area does not have any endangered or endemic
species of animals. Due to the development of green belt at the project vicinity the
impact on the ecology will be minimal.
4.5.7 Impact on ground water
There will be no impact on the ground water as the facility storage area will have
impermeable liners that will disallow any leaching of hazardous material into the ground
water. The collection area of ash will also be having impermeable liners. So therefore no
impact on ground water is envisaged.
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CHAPTER 5
Analysis of
Alternative
(Site and Technology)
Page | 159
Chapter 5
Analysis of Alternatives (Site and Technology)
5.1 Introduction
The proposed project is development of Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility
at Barpeta, Assam.
5.1.1 Site Selection
The proposed project site is meeting site selection criteria of CPCB guidelines as well as
the site selection criteria of TSDF‟s also shown in Table 5.1. The following areas have to
be excluded or rejected (knock out Criteria) for this type of industries.
 Areas with unstable geological features like unstable or weak soil, organic soil,
soft clay or clay-sand mixtures, soil that lose strength with compaction or with
wetting, clays with a shrink-swell character, sand subjected to subsidence and
hydraulic influence.
 Subsidence: e.g. owing to subsurface mines, water, oil or gas withdrawal or

solution prone subsurface.
 Wet lands.
 Historical migration zones.
 Flood prone areas
 Area with 500 m from water supply zone and within 200 m from property line
 Natural depression and valleys where water contamination is likely
 Areas of ground water recharge and extremely high water table zone
 Unique habitation areas, close to national parks with scenic beauty and formerly
used landfills
 Areas with high population, unique archaeological, historical,
paleontological and religious interests.
 Agricultural and forests lands and existing dump sites.
 Atmospheric conditions that would prevent safe disposal of an accidental release.
Page | 160
 Major natural hazards, e.g. volcanic activity, seismic disturbance, etc.

 Sensitive locations, e.g. storing flammable or explosive materials, airports.
 An unfavorable local hydro-geological situation, e.g. springs or drinking water

well within very close proximity to the chosen area.
 Extremely bad access i.e. no existing access roads to the selected site which may
be involved.
 Long distance more than 5 km from main roads.
 Great differences in altitude between the area of waste collection and the selected
site.
Table 5.1. Location Criteria for the Proposed Project
S.No Parameter Criteria Observation

Lake or pond Should not be within There are no major lakes or
1. (Distance from SW 200 m ponds within 200m of
body) project boundary.
River Should not be within There is no river within 100m
100 m from the
2.
project boundary.
Flood plain Should not be within Not in the flood plain area
3. 100 year flood plain
Habitation – Notified Should not be within A village is located about 1.4

habituated area 200 m km
4.
NE from project site
boundary
5. Public Parks Should not be within There are no public parks
200 m within 200m
Critical Not suitable Not in critical habitat area
6. habitat area – area in
which one or more
endangered species live
7. Reserved Forest area Not suitable Not in Reserved Forest area
8. Wet lands Not suitable No Wet lands in study area
Air Port or Airbase Should not be within Loko Priyo Gopinath

9. 20 km Bordoloi International
Airport is 120 km east of the
project site.
10. Water supply No Water supply No water supply well within
well within 200 m 200 m
11. Coastal Regulation Area Not suitable Not in Coastal Regulation
Area
Page | 161
S.No Parameter Criteria Observation

12. Ground Water Table GW table should be Depth of water level in study
area are > 5m
level >2m from the base of
the landfill .
13. Sensitive eco-fragile Not suitable None in study area
areas
Earthquake zone (Fault 500 m Geological Lineament (Fault
14. Line Zone) Line) not observed 500m
from project site boundary.
5.2 Handling of Biomedical waste
For effective management and handling of the bio-medical wastes need to incorporate
legal, technical and financial constraints that will be imposed on such practices. The
primary objective for providing such a system shall be to ensure safe, efficient and
economic collection incorporating segregation at source, transport, disinfection,
destruction and disposal of the residue, while ensuring that the system is reliable for now
and for the foreseeable future.
The overall objective encompasses the following specific objectives:

To reduce the health effects/ risks associated with the proposed activities.

To minimize the environmental impacts.

To ensure the technical reliability of the adopted technology in terms of safety,
flexibility and sustainability under local conditions.

To maximize resource productivity.
 To ensure the techno-economic feasibility of the proposed scheme.
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5.3 Components of integrated Bio-Medical Waste Management
An integrated waste management system for bio-medical wastes must look into various
stages of the process. These key components can be broadly classified into the following:
 Waste Segregation: Waste will have to be segregated into domestic refuse,

hazardous wastes and infectious wastes separately. Further the infectious wastes
will have to be segregated into plastics, metals, and other infectious wastes
generated. Segregation is done effectively if performed at source. MoEFCC has
issued clear guidelines for color coded segregation.
 Waste Collection and Transport: Facility / unit have to ensure that there are no
environmental or human health impacts while collecting & transporting Bio-
Medical wastes.
 Treatment/ Storage/ Disposal: Treatment/ storage and disposal of the wastes

have various options available and are described in detail.
Treatment/ Storage/ Disposal Options
Waste treatment can be effectively performed by two operations running parallel to each
other :
1 A Disinfecting Unit
2 A Destruction Unit
A Dis-infecting unit is one that will effectively kill all the microorganisms. Autoclaving,
Microwaving, Hydroclaving and Chemical disinfection processes are the most prevalent
technologies used for disinfection of pathogens from the bio-medical wastes.
Autoclave is used for the purpose of bio-medical waste management and is expected to
operate under standards specified by MoEFCC. Medical wastes shall not be considered
Page | 163
treated unless the time, temperature and pressure indicated in the standards are reached
(for eg. 121o C, 15 psi for 1 hour for normal autoclave)
Microwave and Hydroclave disinfection units are similar in application to that of an

autoclave. Microwave technology cannot be applied for cytotoxins, hazardous or
radioactive wastes, contaminated animal carcasses, body parts and large metal items.
Microwave shall completely and consistently kill the bacteria and other microorganisms.
Chemical disinfection is a process of disinfection wherein chemical disinfectants like

chlorine and its derivatives or other disinfectants are used in a closed process to attain
complete killing of the pathogens.
A Destruction unit is one that will completely destroy the wastes into safe end products.
High temperature incinerators are used to achieve this. Incineration is a process by which
combustible materials are burnt, producing combustion gases and non-combustible
residue and ash. The combustible gases are vented into the air after treatment through air
pollution control devices. Ash and other non-combustible residue remain after the
destruction/ incineration process and are disposed in nearest TSDF.
Waste Storage is an applicable option for effective storage of certain hazardous wastes
like mercury and cytotoxins that do not have a cost-effective treatment technology as yet.
Its disposal is primarily performed by deep burial of wastes.
Waste disposal is an option which remains to exist irrespective of the treatment options,
in case of disinfection waste material post-disinfection and incineration the non-
combustible residue and ash needs to be disposed off to nearest TSDF.
5.4 Alternate Treatment Technologies
The alternate options for treating bio-medical waste are
Plasma pyrolysis
Microwaving
Hydroclaving
Page | 164
5.4.1 Plasma Pyrolysis
Plasma Pyrolysis treatment technology can be installed for disposal of bio-medical waste
wherein waste is treated at high temperature under controlled condition to form gases like
methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide which are subjected to combustion (oxidation)
in secondary chamber. In this process waste is converted into small clinker which can be
disposed in secured landfills.
Plasma pyrolysis technology requires technical persons for operation and is very
expensive. Hence incineration technology has been adopted meeting all the emission
standards as per Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules 2016.
5.4.2 Microwaving
In microwaving, microbial inactivation occurs as a result of the thermal effect of

electromagnetic radiation spectrum lying between the frequencies 300 and 300,000 MHz.
Microwave heating is an inter-molecular heating process. The heating occurs inside the
waste material in the presence of steam.
5.4.3 Hydroclaving
Hydroclaving is similar to that of autoclaving except that the waste is subjected to indirect
heating by applying steam in the outer jacket. The waste is continuously tumbled in the
chamber during the process.
Over the years of experience it is identified that the overall performance of autoclave is
consistent and less expensive compared to Microwaving and Hydroclaving.
5.5 Energy Saving Measures
1. Daylight provision shall be made in industry by using openable windows (use of

sunlight in lieu of conventional power).
2. LEDs & Solar lights shall be provided.
Page | 165
3. Energy efficient motors shall be used for water pumping and ETP.
4. Transformer will be highly efficient.
5. Adhering to light power densities (LPD) as per Norms.
6. Power factor shall be maintained 0.95 of higher to reduce electrical power
distribution losses in installation.
5.6 Advantages of CBWTF over Individual Facilities at HCEs
The bio-medical waste management facility would be most effective if incorporated as an

integrated facility with a disinfecting unit, a destruction unit and a disposal unit. The
options for locating such a unit shall have a common facility that will cater to a group of
hospitals or an inbuilt facility within every hospital, having an integrated management
system.
The advantages of a common facility over inbuilt facility in each of the components of
waste management are elaborated below:
Waste minimization would require the same effort in both the options.
Collection and Transportation of the wastes would be minimal for an inbuilt facility
compared to that of a common facility.
Efficient management and treatment options would be low in inbuilt facility as this
would require a group of trained professionals to handle.
Social Acceptability for inbuilt facility is very low, as most of the hospitals are located in
the heart of the residential areas with high population density. The prevalent concept of
NIMBY (Not in my Backyard) further decreases the level of social acceptability. As a
centralized facility would be located away from residential areas having low population
density, it would be more acceptable.
Impacts on Human Health and the Environment would be much higher in case of
inbuilt facilities as the number of individuals exposed to the various pathways would be
much higher, while at the common facility it is really low.
Page | 166
Commercial Aspects can be broadly grouped into capital and operational costs. The
capital costs would be significantly higher in the case of inbuilt facility. Installation of an
integrated bio-medical waste management facility would incur a capital cost that would
not be commercially viable for most institutions. The operating cost would also be higher
at the inbuilt facility as this would require professional supervision and manpower and
the actual operating cost of the machinery. A holistic view of the bio-medical waste
management clearly indicates that operations of such waste management facilities should
be left to trained professionals for a safe and better disposal. Summary of the advantages
and disadvantages of the two options is presented in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2. Inbuilt facility vs Common facility
Aspect Inbuilt facility Common facility
Waste Minimization ND ND
Waste Segregation Efficient Higher Efficiency
Collection and Transportation Minimal Medium – High
Disinfection Variable Efficiency – Guaranteed
Thermal treatment Variable Efficiency – Guaranteed
Landfill ND ND
Social Acceptability Very Low Higher
Human Health Impacts High Low
Environmental Impacts High Low
Commercial Aspects Inbuilt facility Common facility
Capital Costs Very High Minimal
Operating costs High Low
*ND – No Difference
Page | 167
CHAPTER 6
Environmental
Monitoring Program
Page | 168
Chapter 6
Environment Monitoring Programme
6.1 Introduction
Environmental monitoring provides feedback about the actual environmental impacts of a

project. Monitoring results help judge the success of mitigation measures in protecting the
environment. They are also used to ensure compliance with environmental standards,
and to facilitate any needed project design or operational changes.
An environmental monitoring program is important as it provides useful information and

helps to:
 Assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and

thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures
 Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors and

environmental monitors and provides means of effectively communicating
environmental issues among them.
 Define monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters.
 Evaluate the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in the

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and suggest improvements in
management plan, if required.
 Find out pollution level inside the plant and in nearby area.
 Compile pollution related data for remedial measures.
 Find out efficiency level of pollution control measures adopted.
The monitoring program will have two phases

1. Construction phase
2. Monitoring phase
Page | 169
To check the efficiency of the system with proposed modifications a regular monitoring
programme has been drawn. The program has been outlined for the construction and
operation phase. The details of which are given below:
6.2 Construction Phase
The proposed project envisages setting up of proposed Common Bio-Medical Waste

Treatment Facility at Barpeta, Assam. The major construction activities involved in
setting up the unit are construction of sheds for treatment units, stores, administrative
blocks, canteen etc., major components in the industry are incinerator, autoclave,
shredder, diesel generator, and other civil, mechanical and electrical equipment. The
construction activities require clearing of vegetation, mobilisation of construction material
and equipment. The construction activities are expected to last for few months.
During construction stage of the CBWTF facility, quality of construction will be

monitored at every stage viz. base preparation, installation of equipment. The generic
environmental measures that need to be undertaken during project construction stage are
given in the following Table 6.1.
Table 6.1. Environmental Measures during Construction Site
S. Potential Detailed actions to be Parameters for Frequency of

No. Impact followed as per EMP Monitoring Monitoring
All equipments are operated Random checks of Periodic
Within specified design equipment
parameters. logs/ manuals
Vehicle trips to be minimized Vehicle logs Periodic
to the extent possible during
site clearance &
construction
activities
Any dry, dusty materials Stockpiles or Periodic during
1. Air Emissions stored in sealed containers Open containers construction
or prevented from blowing. of dusty materials. activities
Compaction of soil Construction logs
During various construction
activities
Maintenance of construction Gaseous Periodic

DG set emissions to meet emissions emission
stipulated standards (SO2, HC, CO, NOx) monitoring
Page | 170

Ambient air quality within PM10 PM2.5, SO2, As per
the premises & adjacent NOx, and CO CPCB/
villages of the proposed unit SPCB
to be monitored. requirements
List of all noise generating Equipment Regular
machinery onsite along with logs, during
age to be prepared. noise reading construction
activities
Periodic
Night working is to be Working during
minimized. Hour records construction
activities
Generation of Vehicular noise Maintenance of
2. Noise records of vehicles
Implement good working Site working
Practices (equipment Practices records,
Selection and siting) to noise reading
Minimize noise and also
reduce its impacts on human
health (ear muffs, safe
distances, and enclosures).
No machinery running when
not required.
Site boundaries
Minimize area extent of site Periodic during
Not extended /
clearance, by staying within Construction
Breached as per
the defined boundaries activities
3. Soil Erosion plan document.
Periodic during
Effective cover in
Protect topsoil stockpile Construction
place.
activities
Ensure drainage system and Visual inspection Periodic
specific design measures are Of drainage During
Drainage and working effectively. And records thereof construction
4. effluent The design to incorporate activities
Management existing drainage pattern and
avoid disturbing the same.
Page | 171

Implement waste Comprehensive Periodic
Management plan that Waste Management Check during
identifies and characterizes Plan should be construction
every waste arising associated In place and activities
with proposed activities and Available for
which identifies the Inspection on-
procedures for collection, site.
Waste handling & disposal of each Compliance with
5. waste arising. Bio-Medical Wastes
Management
(Management And
Handling) Rules
2016, under the
Aegis of
Environment
(Protection) Act,
1986.
6. Non-routine Plan will be drawn, Mock drills and Periodic during
events and considering likely records of the same Construction
accidental Emergencies and steps activities
releases required to prevent / limit
consequences.
7. Health Employees and migrant All relevant Regular checkups
labour health check ups parameters including as per Factories
HIV Act
Table 6.2. Environmental Monitoring Plan for construction phase
Sr. Type of Monitoring Frequency of Parameter Location

No Monitoring
1 Ambient Air Quality Monthly Particulate Matter Four Locations
(PM2.5) in and around
Particulate Matter the project site
(PM10)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Nitrogen Oxides (NO2)
2 Stack Monthly Particulate Matter, DG sets of 1x
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), 250
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) kVA
3 Water Quality for Monthly All parameters One drinking
drinking water mentioned in IS:10500 water sample
4 Water Quality for Monthly All parameters One
Construction mentioned in IS:456 construction
purpose water sample
5 Ambient Noise Monthly Day and Night noise Two locations
Page | 172

No Monitoring
Level level
6 Noise Level Monthly Leq Day & Night- DG set of 1x
250 kVA
7 Soil Quality Monthly All parameters to check Four Locations
soil Fertility in and around
the project site
Approx. Cost. 2,00,000/- per year
6.3 Operation Phase
During operational phase air emissions from incinerator, DG set and other process if
any, wastewater characteristics, ash generation quantity, etc. are monitored. The
following attributes which merit regular monitoring based on the environmental setting
and nature of project activities are listed below:
 Point Source emissions and ambient air quality in nearby villages;

 Groundwater Levels and ground water quality;
 Water & wastewater quality & quantity;
 Solid waste characterisation (Ash, septic tank/soak pit sludge);
 Soil quality;
 Noise levels (equipment and machinery noise levels, occupational exposures and
ambient noise levels); and
 Ecological preservation and afforestation.
Table 6.3. Environmental Monitoring during Operational Phase
S. Potential Action to be Frequency of

No Impact Followed Parameters for Monitoring Monitoring
1. Air Emissions Stack emissions Temperature, Pressure, Continuous
from Incinerator CO, CO2, Excess Oxygen, monitoring
Particulates, HCl, SO2, NOx,
HF, TOC Once in Month
Mercury, Heavy metals, dioxins Twice in a year
& furans
Stack emissions As per CFE conditions PM, SO2, As per CFE
from DG sets NOx conditions
AAQ within the As per CFE conditions / NAAQ As per CFE
project premises Standards conditions
Page | 173
S. Potential Action to be Frequency of

No Impact Followed Parameters for Monitoring Monitoring
and adjacent areas Vehicle logs to be maintained
(3 places at 120°)
to be monitored.
All vehicles to be
PUC certificate.
Meteorological Wind speed, direction, temp.,
data relative humidity and rainfall.
2. Noise Noise generated Spot Noise Level recording; Periodic during
from operation operation
of boiler, cooling phase
towers, etc to be Once in month
monitored by third party
3. Wastewater Compliance pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD & Oil Daily at regular
Discharge To wastewater & grease (Heavy metals if Intervals Once
discharge standards required) in a month by
third party
4. Solid waste/ Check Quality & quantity monitoring Periodically /
Hazardous compliance CPCB
Waste to HWM rules norms.
5. Ground Monitoring ground Comprehensive monitoring Periodically
Water Water quality, As per IS: 10500:2012 & as per
Quality around plant groundwater level BGL CPCB norms.
site and piezometers
6. Flora and Vegetation, No. of plants, species Once a year
Fauna greenbelt / green
Cover
development
7. Soil Quality Checking & Physico-chemical parameters and Once a year
Maintenance metals.
of good soil quality
around
8. Health Employees and All relevant parameters Regular
migrant Labour (BP, Sugar, chest X-ray, Eye checkups
health check ups vision, etc.) as per factories
act.
Table 6.4. Environmental Monitoring Plan for operation phase

No Monitoring
1 Ambient Air Quality Monthly Particulate Matter Four Locations
(PM2.5) in and around
Particulate Matter the project site
(PM10)
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No Monitoring
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Nitrogen Oxides (NO2)
2 Work Area-air Monthly HCl, Dioxins & Furans Plant &
monitoring machinery area
3 Stack Monthly Particulate Matter, Boiler Stack,
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), DG sets of 1x
Nitrogen Oxides (NO2,) 250
for kVA
Monthly Incinerators, boiler &
DG Sets HCl, Dioxins &
Furans for Incinerators
4 Water Quality for Monthly All parameters One drinking
drinking water mentioned in IS:10500 water sample
5 Effluent Treatment Monthly pH, BOD, COD, TDS, Inlet and Outlet
Plant or other TSS, Chloride, Sulphate, of ETP
treatment Total Hardness,
Oil and Grease, Zinc.
6 Ambient Noise Monthly Day and Night noise Two locations
Level level
7 Work area-Noise Monthly Leq Day & Night- Boiler, Plant &
monitoring machinery area
(Incinerators,
Autoclave &
Shredder)
One monitoring
at every place
8 DG Set Room Monthly Leq Day & Night- DG set of 1x
250 kVA
9 Soil Quality Monthly All parameters to check Four Locations
soil Fertility in and around
the project site
10 Green belt & Monthly Manual Within the
Plantation facility area
monitoring
11 Odour Control Weekly Manual Within the
monitoring facility
area
12 Solid Waste To be updated Records of generation, Within the
Generation daily handling, storage, facility area
Monitoring / transportation and
Record Keeping disposal of other solid,
aqueous and organic
hazardous wastes as
required by hazardous
waste authorization
Approx. Cost. 4,50,000/- per Year
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6.4 Pollution Monitoring Facilities
Incinerator stack, DG set stack should have provision of platform and port hold to stack
sampling meeting MoEFCC standards with necessary power point. Sampling and
Analysis of air, water etc., will be given for third party monitoring ( NABL & MOEFCC
Accredited laboratories).
6.4.1 Work zone monitoring
The occupier or operator of the common bio-medical waste treatment facility will install a
continuous emission monitoring system for the parameters as stipulated by the State
Pollution Control Board in authorisation and transmit the data in real time to the servers
at State Pollution Control Board. Work zone monitoring shall be carried out by the HSE
department every month for gaseous pollutants (Dioxins & Furans). Records will be kept.
Location for sampling shall be identified. Samples will be analysed for Dioxins & Furans.
6.4.2 Reporting Schedules of the Monitoring Data
As per the standard environment clearance conditions, six monthly compliance of the
conditions mentioned in the Environmental Clearance letter has to be submitted to
various concerned officials of MOEF, SPCB and Regional office of CPCB. It is proposed
that voluntary reporting of environmental performance with reference to the EMP should
be undertaken. The environmental monitoring cell shall co-ordinate all monitoring
program at site and data thus generated shall be regularly furnished to the State regulatory
agencies. The frequency of reporting shall be on six monthly bases to the local state PCB
officials and to regional office of MoEFCC. The Environmental audit reports shall be
prepared for the entire year of operations and shall be regularly submitted to regulatory
authorities.
6.4.3 Environment Audit
Annual Environment Audit shall be conducted to check the compliance of environmental
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conditions. Form V statement and report shall be submitted to MoEF&CC R.O. and
Assam Pollution Control Board.
6.5 Public Health Monitoring
The value of Public Health studies in seeking to establish whether or not a site or facility
has caused significant adverse health effects is well known. In this situation the results
form a public health study may not fulfil the primary objective of such a program, which
is to detect health changes before the manifestation of adverse health effects. However,
three-stage health-monitoring program is proposed.
 Monitor the health of workers within the project site to identify adverse health
effects.
 Periodically obtain feedback from local doctors regarding any potential indicators
of adverse health effects due to environmental cause in the communities
surrounding, and particularly down-stream of the landfill.
 By organizing health camps on a regular basis.
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CHAPTER 7
Additional Studies
Page | 178
Chapter 7
Additional Studies
7.1 Risk Assessment
The principal objective of the risk assessment study is to identify and quantify the major
hazards and the risk associated with various operations of the proposed project, which
may lead to emergency consequences (disasters) affecting the public safety and health.
Based on this information, an emergency preparedness plan is to be prepared to mitigate
the consequences. The approach involves hazards identification, hazards assessment and
evaluation, developing Disaster Management Plan (DMP).
7.1.1 Identification of Hazards
The proposed facility would collect and dispose infectious bio-medical waste through
autoclaving (disinfection) and incineration. The potential hazards associated with the
proposed facility are primarily classified into:
Table 7.1. List of Hazards and Mitigation
S. No Hazard Type Intensity Mitigation

Emergency response, education and
1 Geo-hazard Earthquake Zone v training and earthquake protection
structure as per IS1893:2002
Storm water drains shall be
2 Hydrological Flood Moderate provided throughout the facility
taking topography into
consideration. The storm water
drains are connected to rain water
collection chamber.
The rain water thus collected shall be
used for greenbelt, vehicle
washing etc., after treatment,
if necessary.
Designing of plant considering wind
3 Meteorological Cyclone Moderate speed
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S. No Hazard Type Intensity Mitigation

Regular repair and service for critical
4 Mechanical Equipment Low parts for each equipment, training
Failure employees and follow
Standard operating procedures for
Incineration Low all equipment, required PPE
Failure for all employees, Fire extinguisher
Autoclave Low and fire fighting equipment will be
Failure provided.
Shredder Low
Failure
Tanks will be located in such a way
5 Chemical LDO (Light Low that spills will not flow within 15
Diesel Oil) meters of an ignition source, or
reach a protected works,
watercourse or property boundary.
The ground around the tank should
be kept clear of any combustible
vegetation or refuse within 3
meters.
Adequate and proper personal
6 Accident Spillage Low protective equipment (PPE) i.e.,
boots, apron, gloves etc. will be
made available at user end wherever
required, and worn at appropriate
occasions.
Hand washing facilities will be made
available at all appropriate
locations.
7.1.2 Pool Fire Risk Model Output
A storage tank of LDO (Light Diesel Oil) with capacity of 1 KL is considered for the
proposed project. Tank fire would occur if the tank leak and LDO is collected in dyke.
The oil collected in dyke gets ignited by external sources such as smoke, heat, etc. As the
tanks are provided the dyke the fire will be confined within the dyke wall.
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Table 7.2. Pool Fire Risk Model Output
Description Risk Modelling for Light Diesel Oil

Thermal radiation in 1.6 4.5 12.5 25 37.5
kW/sq m
Type of Damage due Causes no Causes pain if 1% 50% lethality 100%
to thermal radiation discomfort duration is lethality in 1 minute. lethality in
on long longer than 20 in 1 Significant 1 minute.
exposure sec, however minute injury in 10 1%
blistering is seconds lethality in
unlikely 10 seconds
Max. Damage 24 15 <10 <10 <10
distance in meters
7.1.3 Safety Precautions for the Storage of Fuel
 Separately stored with proper enclosures and marked within premises in closed
shed.
 Proper ventilation to be provided.
 Sufficient fire extinguishers and PPE to be provided.
 Flame proof fittings to be provided.
 Smoking to be prohibited.
7.2 Fire fighting System
Management to take into consideration fire prevention measures at the project

planning and during plant commissioning stage to avoid any outbreak of fire. But
looking to the operation, the chances of outbreak of fire cannot be totally refuted.
Hence to avoid such a scenario, following fighting equipment will be employed.
Table 7.3. List of Proposed Fire Fighting Equipment
S.No. Name of Equipment Proposed Quantity
1 ABC type fire extinguisher 5 kg 5
2 ABC type fire extinguisher 2 kg 10
3 Foam type fire extinguisher 50 Liters 1

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S.No. Name of Equipment Proposed Quantity
4 CO2 type fire extinguisher 4.5 kg 5
5 Fire Hydrant System 3
6 10 liter Sand Bucket 5
7 Hose Reel 3
8 Trailer driven pump 1
7.3. Risk Assessment and Mitigation Measures
Workers handling and disposing biomedical waste are at potential risk of exposure to
infection from sharps- related accidents or when containers of waste burst, open and
leak, or spills of certain waste materials occur.
Exposure to a needle or other sharp object contaminated with the blood of an infectious
person presents the greatest potential risk for transmission of HBV, HIV, and other
blood borne pathogens to the health-care worker and waste handler.
Mitigation Measures
 Company will take reasonable steps to reduce the risk of exposure to infection by
establishing written policies and procedures based upon the most currently
accepted clinical and occupational health and safety information in consultation
with workers and operators in handling and disposing of biomedical waste.
These policies and procedures will be reviewed and updated regularly, with
compliance to their requirements verified as necessary.
 Make sure that waste haulers and handlers will always be proper clothed and
wear personal protective equipment so that harmful agents whether physical,
chemical, or infectious are prevented from gaining access to open wounds, cuts,
or by absorption through the skin. Personal protective equipment may include
cut proof gloves, gowns, safety glasses, protective footwear etc.
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 A course of Hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine will be given to all employees dealing

with handling and disposing of biomedical waste who are at risk of exposure to
human blood, blood products, or body secretions.
 Appropriate protective equipment, including dust masks, heavy gloves and safety
shoes with puncture-proof toes and soles to avoid injury to Staff responsible for
loading and cleaning out incinerators.
 Mitigation measures to minimize risk in case of spillage of infectious fluid are
 Visible material will be first removed with disposable towels or other
appropriate means that prevents direct contact with blood. If splashing is
anticipated, both protective eyewear and clothing will be worn.
 The area will be decontaminated with an appropriate germicide.
 Hands will be washed after gloves are removed.
 Soiled cleaning equipment will be cleaned and decontaminated or placed in an
appropriate container for disposal.
 Plastic waste-holding bags will be made available for removing contaminated
items from the site of the spill.
 Shoes and boots can sometimes become contaminated with blood. If there is
massive blood contamination on floors, the use of disposable, impervious shoe
coverings will be considered.
7.4 Disaster Management Plan
The objective of the study is to assess the likely hazards and risk associated with process
and preparation of preliminary Disaster Management Plan (DMP). The main objectives
of DMP are:-

To control and contain the incident/accident and if possible, eliminate it

To minimize the effects of the incident on persons, property and environment
On-Site Disaster
If an accident/incident takes place within the Industrial Area and its effects are confined
to the premises, involving only the persons working in the Industrial area and the
property inside the Industrial area, it is called as On-site Disaster.
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Off-Site Disaster
If the accident is such that its affects inside the Industrial Area are uncontrollable and it
may spread outside the premises, it is called as Off-site Disaster.
7.4.1 On-Site Disaster Management Plan
An On-Site Emergency Plan:
1. Emergency escape procedures and emergency escape route assignments will be

prepared and placed in main location of facility.
2. Procedures to be followed by employees, who remain to perform critical plant

operations before they evacuate will be prepared and training will be given to all
employees.
3. Assigning Rescue and Medical duties for these employees who have to perform
them.
4. The procedures for reporting fire and other emergencies will be given training.
The emergency action plan will address all potential emergencies, which can be expected
in the workplace. Detail the procedures to be taken by those employees who must remain
behind to care for essential plant operations until their evacuation becomes absolutely
necessary. This may include monitoring plant power supplies, water supplies and other
essential services that cannot be shut down for every emergency alarm.
For emergency evacuation, the use of floor plans or workplace maps, which clearly show
the emergency escape routes and safe areas, will be included in the plan. All employees
must be told what actions they are to take in the emergency situation that may occur in
the workplace. Above all, this plan will be reviewed with employees initially when the
plan is developed, whenever the employees responsibilities under the plan change and
whenever the plan is changed.
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Emergency Persons and their Responsibility
A. Site controller / Unit head: The general manager (however called) or his
nominated deputy will assume overall responsibility for the project site /
storage site and its personnel.
B. Incident controller / Plant operator: A operation manager / site head or an
officer of similar rank site may be nominated as act as incident controller
immediately on knowing about an emergency, he will rush to the incident site
and take overall charge and report to site controller. On arrival the extent of
emergency and decide if major emergency exits and inform the
communication officer according.
C. Personnel / Administrative Manager / HR: He will also work liaison officer
and will be stationed at the main entrance during the emergency. He will under
the direction of the site controller, handle police, [press and other enquiries,
receives report from assembly points and pass on the absentee information to
the incident controller.
D. Communication officer / Workers: He will, on hearing the alarm, proceed to
control room and maintain communication with the incident controller.
E. Fire and security officer: The chief fire and security officer will be responsible
for the fire fighting. On hearing the fire alarm, he shall reach the fire station
immediately and advice fire and security staff in the plant of the incident zone
and cancel the alarm. He will also announce or convey to the communication
officer, incident controller and site controller about the incident zone. He will
open the gates nearest to the incident and stand by to direct the emergency
services.
Infrastructure:
1. Emergency Control Room: Emergency control room is to be set up and

marked on the site plan. The control room will be the focal point in case of an
emergency from where the operation to handle the emergency are directed and
coordinated. It will control site activities and should be furnished with external
and internal telephone connections, list of essential telephone numbers, list of
key persons and their addresses.
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2. Assembly Points: Assembly points are to be set up farthest from location of

likely hazardous events, where pre designated persons from the works,
contractors and visitors would assemble in case of emergency. Up to date list of
pre designated employees of various departments must be available at these
points so that roll call could be taken. Pre-designated persons would take
charge of these points and marks presence as the people come into it.
7.4.2 Off-Site Disaster Management Plan
Disaster Management Section of the Office of headed by the District Collector (Disaster
Management) is the nodal agency in the district which coordinates with all the line
departments at the District level. The District Disaster Management Officer (DDMO)
reports to the DC. The District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) was formed
in August, 2007 under Disaster Management Act, 2005 of Govt. of India. At present a
District Project Associate is there to coordinate/organize the project activities of the
District Disaster Management Department/DDMA under the GoI-UNDP DRR
Programme.
7.5 Occupational Health and Safety Program for the Project
Some of the preventive safety measures to be taken to minimize the risk of accident with
respect to Technical Safety, Organizational Safety and Personal Safety are listed below:
 All reasonably practicable measures to minimize the risk of such accident in

compliance with the legal obligation under the relevant safety.
 All building plans and installations to be as per relevant acts and duly
approved by competent government authorities.
 Treatment equipment to be designed by qualified and experienced

professionals and fabricated to applicable national / international codes with
stage wise inspection.
 Entire processes to be operated by trained workers and to be looked after by

qualified & experienced supervisors.
 Safety features such as fire extinguishers, fire hydrant system and suitable
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to be provided. Regular operations and
testing of fire extinguishers to be carried out.
 Use of flameproof electrical and equipment.
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 Bio medical waste to be stored separately to confine any spillage and facilitate
easy collection.
 Periodic inspection and testing equipment, machineries and equipment to be
done.
 Training of workers and Staff to be given for safe waste, firefighting, first aid
and integrating safety, in all activities.
 Periodic health checkup for employees as per factories act during joining and
once in six months shall be done.
 Good housekeeping in premises to be ensured.
 Accident / Incident reporting system and information of employees about the

same to be done for better awareness.
 Suitable notices / boards to be displayed at several locations indicating

appropriate hazards warning as well as DOs and DON‟Ts for ensuring
operational and personal
Safety for information of workers / staff and visitors.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like goggles, safety shoes, helmet, apron,
earplugs, facemask & clothing to be provided to employees as per the job requirements.
7.6 Fire and Life Safety
1. Smoking must be prohibited.

2. Vehicle access should be strictly controlled.
3. Fuel tanks, packaged materials shall be kept in separate rooms.
4. Ventilation must be sufficient to cope with the maximum expected vapor levels in
building.
5. Storage tank vents to the atmosphere should be sized for fire-heated emergency
vapour release.
6. Electrical equipment must be explosion-proof to meet national electrical code
requirements.
7. Dry chemical extinguishers should be accessible for small fires. An adequate supply
of hand-held and wheeled types should be available.
8. Hydrants should be strategically placed with adequate hoses.
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9. Small spills should be remediated with sand, earth, or other non-combustible

absorbent material, and the area then flushed with water. Larger spills should be
diluted with water and diked for later disposal.
10. Trained firefighting teams have been deployed in the project area.
11. Provision of fire hooters, siren and annunciators at strategic locations within the
project site.
12. Firefighting such as portable & mobile extinguishers have been installed at various
fire prone areas.
Precaution in Case of Fire
For proposed Common Bio-medical waste treatment Facility, all practicable measures
will be taken to prevent outbreak of fire and its spread, both internally and externally, to
provide and maintain: -
a) Safe means of escape for all person in the event of a fire, and
b) The necessary equipment and facilities for extinguishing fire.
Effective measures will be taken to ensure that all the workers are familiar with the means
of escape in case of fire and have been adequately trained in the routine to be followed in
such cases.
Fire Fighting Personal Protective Equipment
All types of personal protective equipment i.e. helmet, goggles, hand gloves etc. are being
provided to the employees. Besides, PPE like hand gloves of cotton, nylon, leather,
rubber, asbestos, safety belts, aprons rubber & cotton, goggles, safety shoes etc. are kept in
the plant areas.
7.7 Hydro-geological Studies
Introduction
The proposed Common Bio-Medical Waste Management Treatment Facility is having

an extent of about 1 bihga and 18 lechas. Geological and Hydrogeological studies were
conducted within the proposed site and its surroundings to evaluate the hydrogeological
Page | 188
& geological setting of the study area. The study is mainly oriented towards the
topographical conditions, rainfall, existing natural drainage, planning of storm water
drains, geological, hydrological and geomorphological setting in around the proposed
project site. The details of the study are presented below.
Geomorphology
The general appearance of the project site landscape is flat, gently sloping from East to
West. Geomorphologicaly study area occupies hilly and forested area in North and
South of the project site with undulations. Cultivated plains and valley portion of rivers
and nala occupies study area. Gaur Nadi flowing east to west in northern part of the
project site at a distance of 2.3 km from site boundary. Jhamil Nala flowing north to
south in western part of the project site at distance 700m from site boundary it‟s a
tributary of Gaur Nadi. The soils present in study area are sandy loam in texture brown
in color.
Geology
The study area underlain by various geological formations ranging in age from
Archaean to recent. The major rock types observed in study area are basalts of
Cretaceous to Eocene age. Deccan trap form the most important formation in the
district. They are differentiated into a succession of basaltic flows as interflow zone of
red/green below varying thickness. The 500m thick lava sequence of district has been
divided into four formations on the basis of litho characters, type of flow and their long
distance continuity. All the formations exhibits thickening in the center, thinning out in
the marginal area. The general geological succession occurring in the Barpeta District
Rainfall and Climate
The climate of the district is sub-tropical and humid. The average temperature ranges
from 150 to 300 C. The winter season starts by November and continues till February.
December/January is the coldest and July/August is the hottest period. The air is
highly humid throughout the year and during rainy season, the relative humidity is
about 90 percent. The area receives heavy rainfall every year and out of 2,051 mm of
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annual normal rainfall, 60 to 65% is received during June to September from south west
monsoon. The district also receives rainfall during pre-monsoon period from
March/April to May in the form of thunder showers and hail storms.
Hydrogeology
Hygeogeologically, the entire area of the is occupied by alluvial sediments of

Quaternary age. Piedmont deposits comprising of coarse clastic sediments like boulder,
pebble, gravel associated with sand and silt from the ground water bearing formation in
the northern part of the district. Ground water occurs under unconfined condition in
shallow aquifer and under semi-confined to confined condition in deeper aquifer. The
aquifer is consisting of sand of various grades with little gravel in the southern part, with
a very good yield prospect for both shallow and deep tube wells. The water level rests at
shallow depth ranging from 2 to 4 m bgl during pre-monsoon period. The post-monsoon
ground water level rests between 1 and 2 m bgl. The size of the aquifer materials
gradually increases from south to north and the depth of water level is also high. The
long term water level trend study shows no significant change of water level in the last
10 years. The shallow tube wells tapping aquifers at the depth of 50 m bgl are capable of
yielding 20 – 100 m3 /he at drawdown of less than 3 m. Medium to heavy duty tube
wells constructed down to 100 to 150 m bgl tapping about 25 – 40 m granular zones
yield more than 100m3 /hr.
Water Management
Ksepya will manage water through controlled by sprinkling water and by employing
enclosures to construction area to allow the particles to settle down, prior to discharge.
Thus there would not be any significant effect on water quality during construction
phase.
The storm water drains would be provided all along the roads. They would be
adequately sized to prevent flooding of the site. Storm water drains shall be provided
throughout the facility taking topography into consideration. The storm water drains are
connected to rain water collection chamber. Recharge of groundwater not proposed in
the site. The rain water thus collected shall be used for greenbelt, vehicle washing etc.,
after treatment, if necessary.
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With respect to water environment, three aspects are generally considered in

Environmental Impact Assessment studies, the raw water availability, water
consumption and wastewater generation. The first priority in water quality assessment is
to maintain and restore the desirable level of water quality in general.
During construction, drainage pattern and water supply system of overland water flow
will be somewhat changed due to the site preparation activities. Potential impacts can be
expected on surface water quality due to dust in the air - suspended solids will be
managed through fogging machines as prescribed by NGT.
7.8 BMW & Chemical Handlin
● Instructions shall be given to not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or
expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames.
● Workers should wash their hands thoroughly after handling.
● Fuels/chemicals shall be used only in a well-ventilated area.
● Workers shall use spark-proof tools and explosion proof equipment.
● Workers shall avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
● Container shall be kept tightly closed.
● Workers shall avoid contact with heat, sparks and flame.
● Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to
heat, sparks or open flames.
● Operator training as well as written operating instructions, safety rules and check lists
shall be provided.
Sources of Exposure: Human exposure to Bio-Medical wastes, chemicals/fuels can occur

mainly via absorption, contact with the eyes, inhalation or ingestion.
7.9 Preventive measures

7.9.1 First Aid Measures taken:
1. In case of Bio-Medical wastes /chemicals come in contact with the skin, remove
contaminated clothing. Wash with soap and water for 15 minutes. Seek medical attention
if irritation occurs.
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2. In the case of Bio-Medical wastes/ chemicals in contact with the eyes, flush
immediately with gently running water for a minimum of 15 minutes, ensuring all
surfaces and crevices are flushed by lifting lower and upper lids. Obtain medical attention.
3. In case of inhalation of chemical‟s vapours, remove individual to fresh air, but only if it
is safe to do so. Asphyxiation from vapours may require artificial respiration. Due to the
possibility of delayed onset of more serious illness, it is important to obtain medical
attention.
4. Ingestion of chemicals is life threatening. Onset of symptoms may be delayed for 18 to
24 hours after ingestion. Do not induce vomiting. Transport to medical attention. The
individual should remain under close medical care and observation for several days.
7.9.2 Earthquake:
The project is situated in the Seismic zone-V area. Special attention has been given to the
structural design of foundation, elements of masonry, timber, plain concrete, reinforced
concrete, pre-stressed concrete, and structural steel. All applicable guidelines have been
followed in this regard to ensure the safety of the building.
7.9.3 Flooding:
To avoid flooding or water logging in the area due to the existing nearby canal & lake,
proper designing of drainage system for storm water shall be done. All the rainwater will
be diverted to rain water storm water drain and extra water will be diverted in the storm
line of the area.
7.9.4 Chemical:
The only chemical used in the treatment is Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) shall be used
as disinfectant in Autoclaving. NaOCl is a highly reactive oxidizer. It is greenish-yellow
in color with an odour similar to that of chlorine. 2% of solution is mixed with water in a
boiler for disinfection. Strength hypochlorite is often diluted prior to being injected into a
water stream, in order to provide proper mixing and disinfection. When an insufficient
amount of dilution water is used the hypochlorite can cause the pH to rise. If the dilution
water is hard water, the rise in pH will result in calcium carbonate precipitation which
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will coat the inside of piping, valves and pumps. This scale deposit will tend to be greatest
in areas of high turbulence. In order to prevent scaling use soft water. Besides it fuel
HSD/Furnace oil shall be used in Incinerators, Boiler & D.G. Sets, thus require necessary
safety measures.
7.9.5 Chemical Storage:
● Bio-Medical wastes , Chemicals/Fuel shall be kept away from heat, sparks, and flame.
Kept away from sources of ignition stored in a tightly closed container.
● Chemicals will be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible
substances.
● Storage & handling area will be readily accessible with safety showers, fire
extinguishers and other fire-fighting equipment, water hydrants with spray nozzle and
other emergency equipment such as chemical proof suits and respiratory apparatus.
 The flammable materials shall be stored in a separate safety storage room. Kept away
from heat. Kept away from sources of ignition. Containers will be kept tightly closed
and in a cool, well-ventilated place.
● Operating procedures will be in place with appropriate training.
Spills / Leaks:
Spills will be absorbed with inert material (e.g. vermiculite, sand or earth), then place in
suitable container. All sources of ignition will be removed and a spark-proof tool used.
Ventilation will be provided and a vapour suppressing foam used to reduce vapours.
7.9.6 Hazardous Substances & Chemicals

List of Hazardous material, storage, hazard & its control:
Following is the list of Hazardous material, their storage, possible hazard & its control
measures proposed in the plant.
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Table 7.4. List of hazardous material storage, hazard & its control
S. Name of the Place of State and Type of Control measures

Hazardous storage operating hazards provided
No.
substance pressure & possible
Temp.
1 Yellow Category Red storage Ambient Fire, 1] Fire Extinguisher
waste (Human room (plant Condition Infection (CO2,
anatomical area) DCP)
waste, animal 2] PPE
waste, soiled 3] Sand Bucket
waste, etc.) 4] Emergency
provision
for FireBrigade from
an
outside source.
5] PPE shall be
provided.
2 Red category Yellow Ambient Fire, 1] Fire Extinguisher
waste storage Condition Infection (CO2,
(microbiology & room (plant DCP)
Biotechnology Area) 2] PPE
waste, tubing, 3] sand Bucket
catheters, 4] Emergency
intravenous sets Provision
etc.) for Fire Brigade
from
outside source
5] PPE shall be
provided
3 Diesel D.G. Ambient Fire 1] Fire Extinguisher
Room & Condition (Foam)
Process 2] Sand Buckets
Room
Page | 194
Table 7.5. List of process hazards & preventive measures
S. Name Hazardo Materials Name of Operating Type of Control

of us In The Parameter s Hazards Measures
No.
Plant Process The Vessel And Possible Provided
and Process / Its
Operati Operation
Location
With
on
Their
Quantity
1 Incine Incinera Yellow Primary Temperatu Fire, 1] Fully
ration category chamber re- 850 oC Explosi Automatic
tion
plant waste and –primary on, 2] Emergency
secondary chamber Burn Local Stop
chamber, and 3] Fire
Incineratio 1050 oC – Extinguisher
narea secondary (CO2) 4] PPE
chamber 5] Emergency
provision for
Fire
Brigade from
an
outside
source.
2 Autocl Steriliza Red Autoclave Temp. Fire, 1] Fully
category around 135 Health Automatic
ave tion
waste oC & 2.2 Hazard Computer
kg./sq.cm based
pressure automation
2] Emergency
Local Stop
3] PPE
7.10 Emergency Control Team
7.10.1 Key Personnel
The key personnel involved in Emergency (On site & Off site) are given below:
1. Emergency Controller – Plant Head
2. Incident Controller
3. Area In-charge
4. Safety Head/officers - EHS Manager
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5. Security Supervisor
6. Utilities Manager
7. Fire fighter
8. Evacuation members [Emergency Response Team (ERT) Members]
9. First Aid provider
10. Rescue members
7.10.2 Chain of command during emergency

The organizational chart for coordination within the industry as well as the external
agencies is given below:
Figure 7.1. On site emergency planning
7.11 Budget For Occupational Health & Safety
Table 7.6. Budget for occupational health and safety

S. No Description Amount (Rupees
in Lacs)
1 Workers will be subjected to primary health check-up 2.0
before they are employed to ascertain their health
conditions. Thereafter, Regular Medical check-up & First
Page | 196
S. No Description Amount (Rupees

in Lacs)
Aid facility will be organized for workers to evaluate the
adverse impact if any on these persons due to the proposed
activity. Occupational health surveillance programme shall
be done six monthly. A safety officer / environmental
officer shall be recruited.
2 Infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom, 2.0
canteen etc. shall be provided to the labour force during
construction as well as to the casual workers including
truck drivers during the operation phase.
3 Workers will be provided with masks, gloves, goggles & 1.0
ear muffs for safe working
4 Covered transportation of vehicles. 2.0
5 Insurance for worker & Tie up with ESI Hospital 3.0
Total Rs 10.0 lacs
7.9.4. Budget of Public Health and Safety
Table 7.7. Budget for health and safety Checkups
S. Description Amount
No (Rupees in
Lacs)
1 Health and Safety Health Check-up camps shall be 1
organized. Support to the primary
Health centre. Public addressing
system
7.12 Safety in work environment
WORKER HEALTH CHECKUP PLAN

Company will be conducting pre-employment and post-employment medical tests for its
employees besides various educative and awareness programs on health and safety. A
full-time medical assistance centre will be always available to its employees to carry out
any first aid.
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Pre-Employment Tests: Any employee who joins the Plant goes under company
prescribed pre-employment medical examination tests from an MBBS qualified doctor.
The medical fitness reports will be required to be submitted on or before joining the
organization. If some new employee reports for his/her joining without a Medical
Examination and fitness report; he/she will not be allowed to join until the Medical
Examination and fitness report is produced to the HR department. Such incidents will
also be reported to the HR Head.
Annual / Bi-annual Medical Tests: Annual / Bi-annual Medical tests will be conducted
in the months of January and July respectively. All those employees who will be exposed
to hazardous raw materials / processes, will be examined twice a year. Presently, the
following departments are involved in hazardous process and covered for medical
examination:
(i) Production
(ii) EHS
(iii) Quality Control
(iv) Mechanical
(v) Electrical
(vi) Instrumentation
(vii) Packing
Apart from the employees of the above-mentioned departments, employees of other
departments will also be covered for medical examination if they are also exposed to
hazardous process due to any reason. The cost of pre-employment and during
employment medical examination will be borne by the company.
Table 7.8. List of Medical Tests

S.no Medical Test
Pre-Employment Post-Employment Medical TestsTests
Medical Tests
Annual Medical Tests Bi-Annual Medical
(January- February every Tests
year) (July-August)
1 Physical Examination: Physical Examination: Physical Examination:
Chest Examination Chest Examination Chest Examination
Weight Weight Weight
Height Height Height
Pulse
Pulse Pulse
Page | 198
B.P. B.P. B.P.

2 -Urine Routine -Urine Routine N.A.
Examination Examination
-Physical Examination -Physical Examination
-Macroscopic -Macroscopic
Examination Examination
3 Haematology haematology N.A.
-Haemoglobin -Haemoglobin
-TLC -TLC
-DLC -DLC
-Polymorphs -Polymorphs
-Lymphocytes -Lymphocytes
-Eosinophils -Eosinophils
-Monocytes -Monocytes
-ESR (Wintrobe) -ESR (Wintrobe)
4 Liver Function Tests Liver Function Tests N.A.
(LFT)(For those workers (LFT) (For those workers
only directly exposed to only directly exposed to
chemicals) chemicals)
5 Chest X-pay P.A. View Chest X-pay P.A. View N.A
6 Vision test for near & far Vision test for near & far Vision test for near & far
Vision Vision Vision
7 Blood Sugar Blood Sugar N.A
8 ECG ECG N.A
9 Blood Group Blood Group N.A
10 Ultrasound (Abdomen) N.A N.A
11 Spirometry Test N.A N.A
Management Policy
The company has a written policy for the safety, Health and Environment Management.
Through this policy, the company management commits itself to the following objectives.
 Meet all the relevant laws, regulations and international agreements
 Conduct its activities safely, protecting the health of all employees and the
products users
 Reduce the adverse environmental impacts to a practicable minimum at an
acceptable cost to the company and society
 Encourage continuous improvement in safety, health and environment
performance.
Page | 199
CHAPTER 8
Project Benefits
Page | 200
Chapter 8
Project Benefits
8.1 Introduction
In the service of a huge population, these hospitals are generating “Bio-Medical Wastes”
that are incompatible with the environment. These wastes need professional attention for
effective management as the infectious nature of the waste can cause irreparable damage
to the human health and the environment. It has become imperative to monitor and
control the management and handling of these wastes.
Due to the proposed facility, hazardous bio medical waste will be properly treated and
disposed but lack of segregation practices, results in mixing of hospital wastes with
general waste making the whole waste stream hazardous. Inappropriate segregation
ultimately results in an incorrect method of waste disposal. Various communicable
diseases, which spread through water, sweat, blood, body fluids and contaminated
organs, are important to be prevented. The bio medical waste spread in and around the
hospitals calls flies, insects, rodents, cats and dogs that are responsible for the spread of
communication disease like plague and rabies. Rag pickers in the hospital, sorting out the
garbage are at a risk of getting tetanus and HIV infections. The recycling of disposable
syringes, needles and other article like glass bottles without proper sterilization are
responsible for Hepatitis, HIV, and other viral diseases. From the proposed facility these
kinds of diseases shall be prevented to be spread from the bio medical wastes.
For the proposed facility, required skilled and unskilled laborers will be utilized
maximum from the local area. The increasing health care facilities increase the demand of
bio-medical waste management, to some extent. In brief it can be concluded that, the
proposed activities will not produce adverse impact on sanitation, communication and
community health, as sufficient measures have been proposed to be taken under the
Environmental Management Plan. Due to proposed project, the surrounding
environment will not face any problem related to pollution because all kind of wastes will
be handled properly and No alteration in transport routes will be required
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8.2 Benefits from Bio Medical Waste
8.2.1 Physical Infrastructure
The beneficial impact of proposed project on the civic amenities will be substantial after
the commencement of project activities. The basic requirement of the community needs
will be strengthened by extending healthcare to the community, building/strengthening of
existing roads in the area which will help in uplifting the living standards of local
communities.
8.2.2 Employment Opportunities
The project will create opportunities for employment. Skilled and unskilled manpower
will be needed. Secondary jobs are also bound to be generated to provide day-to-day
needs and services to the work force. This will also temporarily increase the demand for
essential daily utilities in the local market. Due to this proposed project, relevant to this
project other job opportunities may generate which will improve the socio economic
status of the area.
Neighboring villagers of the project will get its benefits more by giving preference to them
in relation to direct employment associated with the various project activities.
Construction and operation phase of the proposed project will involve a certain number
of laborers, contractors and construction workers. There is a possibility that local people
will be engaged for this purpose. The operation phase will involve a number of skilled and
unskilled workers. The total 21 manpower will be required for this project. There is a
possibility that local people will be engaged for this purpose to the extent possible and
hence improve the existing employment scenario of the region. First preference will give
to localize people for all kind of required employment in the project and especially for
unskilled employment the company will take localize people.
8.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure
Agriculture & plantation are one of the basic sectors of employment for the local people
in this area. The project will lead to indirect and direct employment opportunity.
Employment is expected during construction and operation period, waste lifting and
other ancillary services. Employment in these sectors will be temporary or contractual
Page | 202
and involvement of unskilled labour will be more. A major part of this labour force will
be mainly from local villagers who are expected to engage themselves both in agriculture
and project activities. This will enhance their income and lead to overall economic
growth of the area.
The following changes in socio-economic status are expected to take place with this
project.
 The project is going to have positive impact on consumption behaviour by way of

raising average consumption and income through multiplier effect.
 The project is going to bring about changes in the pattern of demand from food to
non-food items and sufficient income is generated.
 Due to the corporate social responsible activities by project authorities, the socio
economic condition of the people will be improved.
 People perceive that the project will in the long run help in the development of
social infrastructures/such as.
o Education facilities
o Banking facilities
o Post offices and Communication facilities
o Medical facilities
o Plantation and parks
o Community facilities
Industrial development and consequent economic development should lead to

improvement of environment through better living and greater social awareness. On the
other hand, the proposed project is likely to have several benefits like improvement in
indirect employment generation and economic growth of the area, by way of improved
infrastructure facilities and better socio-economic conditions. Better hygienic conditions,
as Bio-Medical waste with solid waste being dumped at several places will be brought to
one place for further treatment and scientific disposal.
8.4 Other Tangible Benefits
 Additional housing demand for rental accommodation will increase

 Cultural, recreation and aesthetic facilities will also improve.
Page | 203
 Improvement in communication, transport, education, community development

and medical facilities.
 Overall change in employment and income opportunity.
8.5 SWOT Analysis
 SWOT Analysis is a useful technique for understanding your Strengths and

Weaknesses, and for identifying both the Opportunities open to you and the
Threats you face. What makes SWOT particularly powerful is that, with a
little thought, it can help you uncover opportunities that you are well placed
to exploit. And by understanding the weaknesses of your business, you can
manage and eliminate threats that would otherwise catch you unawares.
 More than this, by looking at yourself and your competitors using the
SWOT framework, you can start to craft a strategy that helps you
distinguish yourself from your competitors, so that you can compete
successfully in your market.
 It views all positive and negative factors inside and outside the firm that
affect the success. A consistent study of the environment in which the firm
operates helps in forecasting/predicting the changing trends and also helps
in including them in the decision-making process of the organization.
 The other approaching method that can be implemented was SWOT

analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and
threats. A SWOT analysis is a technique commonly used to assist in
identifying strategic direction for an organization or practice.
 The strengths and weaknesses of a system are determined by internal

elements, whereas external forces dictate opportunities and threats.
Strengths can be defined as any available resource that can be used to
improve its performance. Weaknesses are flaws/shortcomings of any
system that may cause to lose a competitive advantage, efficiency or
financial resources.
Page | 204
Strengths:
 Employing scientific method for disposal of Bio-Medical waste.
 Recovering reusable and receiving recyclable materials from Bio-Medical waste.
 Cheaper option for disposal of Bio-Medical waste in scientific manner.
 Maintenance of the project site more properly to prevent the effect to the
surrounding area and environment with using the sufficient equipment and
facilities, and the technology such as daily cover and insect prevention.
Weakness:
 High capital investment for treatment of Bio-Medical waste.
 Availability of out dated data about Bio-Medical waste generated.
Opportunities:
 Facilities available for similar kind are expensive or of poor environmental
conditions.
 Having a brand name in waste management operations in all other parts of
country.
Threats:
 Lot of competition in the market with existing similar facilities.
 New marketing companies launch by competition.
 Strong relationship between treatment facilities and hospitals.
 Launch of new technologies and innovative marketing strategies by competitors.
8.6 Conclusion
In this study, SWOT analysis was determine the strategic that contain with building on
strengths, minimizing weaknesses, exploring opportunities and counteracting threats.
Strategies have been identified and formulated from the SWOT matrix in relation to
increasing government role, participation of the inhabitant and CBWTF conditions for
the Bio-Medical waste management.
The strategies that resulted from this analysis were focused on the inhabitant participation
and environment consideration. For purposeful of the inhabitant participation, strategies
Page | 205
that arise was connected with the: educating the inhabitant, increasing the role of student
and young people to involve in the system, increasing the awareness, increasing the effort
to recycle and encourage the habitant to use the recycle material. All the strategies cannot
be conducted by the community or by the government separately.
The strategies for the environment consideration were focused in managing the Common
bio-medical waste management facility site more properly. The strategies were concern to
prevent the bad effects to the environment and the influence of the CBWTF site operation
to the inhabitant at the surrounding area.
The analysis result showed that SWOT analysis was the one of approaching system that
could be used as the tools for maintain the Bio-Medical waste management system in
with the strategies that use the inhabitant participation and environment as the
considering factors for approaching.
Page | 206
CHAPTER 9
Environmental
Management Plan
Page | 207
Chapter 9
Environment Management Plan

9.1 Introduction
An environmental management plan (EMP) has been prepared for the proposed facility,
to minimize negative impacts and is formed on the basis of prevailing environmental
conditions and likely impacts of this project on various environmental parameters. This
plan will also facilitate monitoring of environmental parameters. Preparation of EMP is
required for formulation, implementation and monitoring of environmental protection
measure. EMP includes schemes for proper and scientific treatment and disposal
mechanism for air, liquid and solid hazardous pollutants. Apart from this, green belt
development, safety aspect of the workers, noise control, fire protection etc. are also
included in it. The various components of the EMP are outlined in subsequent sections.
9.2 Purpose of Environmental Management Plan
Various purposes of the environmental management plan are:
 To treat and dispose off all the pollutants viz. air, liquid, gaseous and solid waste
so as to meet statutory requirements (Relevant Pollution Control Acts) with
appropriate technology. It will help to reduce the adverse effect on human being as
well as on environment due to the proposed facility.
 To support and implement work to achieve environmental standards and to

improve the methods of environmental management.
 To promote green-belt development.
 To encourage good working conditions for employees.
 To reduce fire and accident hazards.
 Budgeting and allocation of funds for environment management system.
9.3 Environmental Management during Construction
The impacts during the construction phase on the environment would be basically of
temporary nature and are expected to reduce gradually on completion of the construction
activities.
Page | 208
9.3.1 Air Quality Mitigation Measures
For the proposed project site leveling and grading will be carried out if required, where
ever possible to maintain the natural elevations they will not be disturbed, only leveling
places required for construction of sheds and administrative buildings. According to the
engineering assessment, most of the excavated soil generated during construction
activities will be reused within the project site for leveling during road formation etc. The
excess if any will be given to local contractors for disposal in low lying areas, road
construction use etc.
During construction period most of the dust will be generated from the movement of
construction vehicles on unpaved roads. Unloading and removal of soil material shall
also act as a potential source for dust nuisance. The control measures proposed to be
taken up are given below.
 Water sprinkling on main haul roads in the project area will be done, this activity
will be carried out at least twice a day, if need arises frequency will be increased on
windy days, in this way around 50% reduction on the dust contribution from the
 The duration of stockpiling of excavated soil will be as short as possible as most of

the material will be used as backfill material for the open cut trenches for road
development.
 Temporary tin sheets of sufficient height (3m) will be erected around the site of
 Tree plantations around the project boundary will be initiated at the early stages by
plantation of 2 to 3 years old saplings using drip irrigation or by regular watering
 All vehicles carrying raw materials will be instructed to cover with tarpaulin /
plastic sheet, unloading and loading activity will be stopped during windy period.
To reduce the dust movement from civil construction site to the neighborhood the
external part of the construction activity will be covered by plastic sheets.
Page | 209
9.3.2 Water Quality Mitigation Measure
nearby greenbelt / plantation area. During construction activity all the equipments
The waste generated from the site work shop will be segregated like used oil, lubricants,
etc. and disposed to authorized recyclers the waste like soiled cotton, paper, etc will be
disposed to dump/TSDF.
The domestic wastewater generated from temporary toilets used by the work force will be
diverted to septic tank followed by soak pit. Therefore, impact on water quality due to
proposed unit would be insignificant.
9.3.3 Noise Mitigation Measures
Noise generating equipment will be used during day time for brief period of its
possible the noise generating equipment will be kept away from the human habitation.
Temporary tin sheets of sufficient height (3m) will be erected around the noise generating
activity or all around the project site as barrier for minimizing the noise travel to
surrounding areas. Therefore, impact on noise environment due to proposed project
would be insignificant.
blow horns unless it is required. Personal protective equipment like earmuffs, helmets
covering ears would be provided to the workers working near noise generating equipment
and would see that workers use the protective gadgets regularly.
9.3.4 Solid Waste Mitigation Measures
The solid waste generated during construction period being predominantly inert in
nature, construction and demolition waste does not create chemical or biochemical
pollution. However maximum effort would be made to reuse and recycle them. The most
Page | 210
of the solid waste material will be used for filing/levelling of low-laying areas, as road
construction material, if any excess given to local contractors for lifting and dumping in
low lying areas. All attempts would be made to stick to the following measures.
 All construction waste shall be stored within the site itself. A proper screen will be
provided so that the waste does not get scattered.
 Attempts will be made to keep the waste segregated into different heaps as far as
possible so that their further gradation and reuse is facilitated.
roads will also be kept in separate heaps from those which are to be sold.
 Reuse of bricks, tiles, stone slabs, timber, piping railings etc to the extent possible
and depending upon their conditions.
 Sale/ auction of materials which cannot be used at the site due to design constraint
 Plastics, broken glass, scrap metal, used cement bags, etc can be sent for recycling
in the industries.
 Rubble/ brick bats can be used for building activity, such as levelling, under coat
of lanes where the traffic does not constitute heavy moving loads.
 The broken pieces of the flooring material can be used for levelling in the building
or can be disposed off
 The unused or remaining paints/varnishes/wood can either be reused or can be

disposed.
9.3.5 Land Environment
land area:
Page | 211
 Disposal of solid waste in the identified Land
9.3.6 Ecology
ecology. However, about 33% of total plot area is proposed for greenbelt development.
9.3.7 Socio-Economic
of the surroundings from the site will be employed for construction work to the maximum
extent possible.
Table 9.1. Environment Management Plan during construction phase
S. No. Parameters Mitigation Measures

1 Air Environment Air quality around the project will be marginally impacted
during the installation stage but since there is no nearby
habitat or residence or any other installations within 500 m
radius , the impact will be much less in terms of its effect
on the environment.
Water sprinkling shall be done at the location where dust
generation is anticipated.
No excavation of soil shall be carried out without adequate
dust mitigation measures in place.
No loose soil or sand or Construction & Demolition Waste
or any other construction material that causes dust shall be
left uncovered.
Sprinkling shall be done every hour by a fixed sprinkling
system.
Anti-smog gun shall be installed.
Construction material and waste shall be stored only
within earmarked area and road side storage of
construction material and waste shall be prohibited
Page | 212
S. No. Parameters Mitigation Measures

Only covered vehicles carrying construction material and
machinery and waste shall be permitted.
To minimize the occupational health hazard, proper masks
shall be provided to the workers who are engaged in dust
generation activity.
2 Water During the installation phase, 0.8 KLD of domestic
sewage will be generated and disposed of to soak pits via
septic tanks.
During the installation period, a total 2 KLD of water will
be required for domestic purposes and the same will be
taken from tanker suppliers.
Runoff from the site shall not be allowed to stand (water
logging), same shall be channelized to the nearby drain.
3 Noise During the installation stage, expected noise levels shall be
in the range of 85-100 dB(A), which will decrease with
increase in distance. Hence all the activities shall be carried
out during the day time.
There will be some noise generation due to movement of
vehicles carrying materials during installation phase and as
this is only a temporary phenomenon it can be managed
by properly regulating the movement of vehicular traffic so
that the ambient air quality with respect to noise is not
adversely affected. To prevent any occupational hazard
earmuffs/earplugs shall be given to the workers working
around or operating plant/ machinery emitting high noise
levels. Use of plant or machinery shall be strictly
prohibited during night hours.
Careful planning of machinery operation and scheduling
of operation shall be done to minimize such impact.
4 Solid & During the construction/installation, whatever quantity of
Hazardous construction waste is generated shall be stacked and
Waste disposed off at the designated disposal site and care shall
be taken to ensure that temporary stacking and
transportation shall not cause any disturbance to the
surrounding environment.
Muck and slurry generated will be used as backfilling
material to raise soil levels in nearby areas.
Approx. 3 kg/day of solid waste will be generated and
disposed off at Solid Waste Disposal Site.
At the site, it will be handled manually and by tractor
trolley. All proper safety measures shall be adopted by the
workers handling the waste. All the material will be
handled at the pacca floor and no contaminated
material/waste will be discharged in open.
Page | 213
9.4 Environmental Management during Operations Phase
Operations phase being longer in duration and because of its potential to create
continuous impacts is important from the impact point of view. Comprehensive and
effective EMP has to be prepared and implemented to safe-guard environment during
operations phase.
9.4.1 Air Quality Management including Odour control
The air pollutants in the plant may be classified broadly into particulate matter like dust,
fumes etc. and gases like Sulphur dioxide, Nitrogen oxide and Hydrogen chloride etc.
The measure to control the air pollution will ensure the ambient air quality standards as
laid down by Central Pollution Control Board for industrial areas. The system proposed
for air pollution control will provide acceptable environment condition in the working
areas and abate air pollution in the surrounding area of the plant. The technological
equipment and processes have been selected with the above objectives. Depending on
quality of emission from different sources, suitable air pollution control system will be
provided. The chimney height will be as per CPCB norms to ensure ground level
concentration of different pollutants within permissible limit. Once the hopper lid and
enclosure door is closed, shredder operates as a closed system. This also avoids any dust
generation etc.
Following measures are proposed to mitigate negative impact of operation phase of the
project on the surrounding air environment:
 Height of all the stacks will be as per statutory requirement. Incinerator stack will
have stack monitoring facility (SMF) consisting of sampling port-hole, platform
and access ladder.
 Adequate spares of critical components of dust collection systems will be kept to

ensure trouble – free operations and continuous compliance to emission norms.
 Transport vehicles will be properly maintained to reduce air emissions.
 Vehicles will be periodically checked for pollutant emissions against stipulated
norms.
 Idle running of vehicles will be minimized during material loading / unloading

operations.
Page | 214
Odor Control
The odor management is one the issue in CBWTF. The main aim is to minimize the
number of sources of odor generation which exist in site. To undertake direct
management of odor generating sources that give rise to odor problems.
The mitigation measures proposed to minimize and control odor are as follows.
 It shall be ensured that the total time taken from generation of bio-medical waste
to its treatment, which also includes collection and transportation time, shall not
exceed 48 hours.
 During transportation, the containers should be covered in order to prevent

exposure of public to odours and contamination.
 Good housekeeping practices.
 Dilution of odor concentration by spraying Ecosorb (organic and biodegradable

chemical) around odor generation areas at regular intervals.
Plantation of trees to reduce the odor and to carry out the process in closed room for
controlling/minimizing odor.
9.4.2 Water Quality Mitigation Measures
Total water requirement for the proposed facility would be 32 KLD which will be sourced
be from M.P. Audyogik Kendra Vikas Nigam (Jabalpur), Ltd., however alternatively
water will be drawn from borewells within the site if possible or else by external water
tankers. Water conservation measures shall be taken to optimize the fresh water
requirement. Moreover, record of water consumption for different usages shall be
maintained.
 Wastewater generated from air pollution control devices/ vehicle and floor wash
etc. shall be treated in in-house ETP and shall be reused in APCDs.
 Proper and sufficient sanitary facility will be provided to workers to maintain

hygienic conditions at site. The sewage is disposed by the septic tank followed by
soak pit.
Page | 215
 Philosophy of maximum use of treated waste water within the plant will be
adopted to minimize consumptive water requirements and to achieve “zero”
effluent discharge from the plant.
 Adequate spares for effluent collection, handling, treatment and disposal system
shall be maintained.
 Records of analysis results of treated and untreated wastewater should also be

maintained.
 Record of the wastewater generation and recycle shall be maintained on printed

logbook/computer.
 Proper housekeeping shall be adopted to prevent spillages and contaminated

surface runoff going to storm water drains.
Rain water harvesting scheme
The rain water thus collected shall be used for greenbelt, vehicle washing etc., after
treatment, if necessary.
9.4.3 Noise Levels Management
The main sources of noise generation is due movement of vehicles carrying waste, all
vehicle (drivers) entering into the project will be informed to maintain speed limits, and
not blow horns unless it is required.
The other areas where noise generation is anticipated is incinerator section, DG set room,
necessary personal protective equipment like earmuffs, helmets covering ears would be
provided to the workers working near noise generating equipment and would see that
workers use the protective gadgets regularly. Regular maintenance of the equipment will
be carried out as per the schedule given by suppliers. The noise pollution management
measures proposed is given below.
 Acoustic Enclosure for all the high noise level equipments
 All the design/installation precautions as specified by the manufacturers with

respect to noise control are strictly adhered
Page | 216
 Major noise generating sources are insulated adequately by providing suitable

enclosures
 Other than the regular maintenance of the various equipment, ear plugs are
provided to the personnel close to the noise generating units
 All the opening like covers, partitions shall be designed properly
9.4.4 Solid Waste Management
Solid wastes shall be generated in the form of Incineration ash from Incinerator, ETP
sludge from ETP process and used oil from the plant utility. Following steps shall be
taken:
 Incineration ash from incinerator will be temporarily stored at ash storage pit and
finally it will be disposed to the nearest authorized TSDF site.
 Incineration ash and ETP sludge will be sent to authorized TSDF site
 Used oil will be properly stored and it will be re-used as lubricants in the
machineries within the premises only.
 Record of solid waste generation and disposal shall be maintained.
 All necessary precautions shall be taken during handling, loading and unloading of
solid waste.
9.4.5 Land Environment
Treated effluent will be utilized for gardening/plantation after ensuring norms specified
by pollution control board by which impact on soil and ground water will be insignificant.
separate area under the shed so as to avoid entry of rain water during the monsoon and
for easy collection and in case, incineration ash is hazardous waste in nature same should
be disposed through authorized TSDF.
9.4.6 Socio - Economic
The Socio – Economic impact of operational phase will be positive due to direct and
indirect employment opportunity for the local villages. Local people from nearby villages
extent possible.
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9.4.7 Ecology
species of animals. Due to the development of green belt at the project vicinity the impact
on the ecology will be minimal.
9.5 General Considerations
For good housekeeping of the proposed facility, following measures will be planned:
 Maintaining cleanliness of roads to prevent accumulation of dust and waste
material.
 Inculcating positive attitude among employees for good house-keeping.
 Maintaining hygienic conditions in canteens, near drinking water source and
toilets.
9.6 Concept of Waste-Minimization, Recycle/Reuse/Recover Techniques, Energy

Conservation, and Natural Resource Conservation
Recycle/Reuse/Recover: Wastewater generated from the proposed facility shall be

reutilized in the venture scrubber after giving suitable treatment. The Incineration ash
shall be finally disposed to nearest authorized TSDF/landfill site
Energy conservation: Reduction in usage of traditional light bulbs with Light Emitted
Diode (LEDs) means reduction in usage energy consumption. Usage of Solar energy at
different locations in the plant like parking light, roadside light etc. will be explored.
Natural Resource Conservation: To conserve ground water, rain water harvesting will
be carried out to store rain water for future use and also to recharge ground water.
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9.7 Occupational Health Management
There will be routine observation of health as certain sufferings are likely to appear as
result of exposure by the workers during operations of various facilities. All the employees
shall be required to undergo a medical checkup before joining the facility. Medical
checkup will be conducted on regular basis and shall immunise all its health care workers
and others, involved in handling of bio-medical waste for protection against diseases
including Hepatitis B and Tetanus that are likely to be transmitted by handling of bio-
medical waste and will be monitored. First aid facilities required to attend immediately
for meeting emergency situations shall be made available at the facility.
9.8 Fire Protection System
The fire protection system will protect the entire site area from fire hazards happening
accidentally. This fire protection system comprises of a ground level water storage tank to
store the anticipated requirement of water. One electric motor driven pump and one
diesel high pressure pumps will be provided to pump the water to a high pressure header
from where the water is distributed to various high pressure hydrants provided at selected
locations. Necessary fire hoses terminated with spouts will be kept ready at each hydrant
location to facilitate firefighting.
9.9 Environmental Management Cell
The Environmental Cell will be headed by the Project Head followed by other officers
and technicians. The department is the nodal agency to co-ordinate and provides
necessary services on environmental issues during operation of the project. This
environmental group is responsible for implementation of environmental management
plan, interaction with the environmental regulatory agencies, reviewing draft policy and
planning. This department interacts with State Pollution Control Board and other
environment regulatory agencies. The department also interacts with local people to
understand their problems and to formulate appropriate community development plan.
The cell will also be responsible for monitoring of the plant safety and safety related
systems which include:
 Checking of safety related operating conditions.
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 Visual inspection of safety equipments.
 Preparation of a maintenance plan and documentation of maintenance work

specifying different maintenance intervals and the type of work to be performed.
 Other responsibilities of the cell will include followings:
 Conduct and submit annual Environmental Audit. SPCB registered agency will be
retained to generate the data in respect of air, water, noise, soil and meteorological
To implement the environmental protection measures as suggested in the above sections,

the project management has made budgetary provision for environmental protection and
safety measures. Cost towards environmental mitigation measures are given in Table 9.3.
9.10 Water Environment

Water Consumption and waste water discharge
Source: Bore well or from tanker supply
The total water requirement for the project will be 3 KLD out of which 1.3861 KLD will
be fresh water. The water will be sourced from tanker supply.
Table 9.2. Water management

Particular Total water Fresh Water Treated Water Discharge to
Requirement Requirement Requirement ETP
(in KLD) (in KLD) (in KLD) (in KLD)
Flushing 0.3038 0.3038 0 0.3038
Domestic 0.725 0.725 0 0.5506
Boiler 0.3797 0.3797 0 0.2658
Gardening 1.044 Nil 1.044 N il
Vehicle 0.3797 Nil 0.3797 0.3797
Container
washing and
chemical
disinfection
Floor Washing 0.1899 Nil 0.1899 0.1899
TOTAL 3 1.3861 1.6139 1.6899
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9.10.1 Scheme of waste-water management
The wastewater passes through the oil and grease tank to remove excess oil from the
wastewater. The waste water after removal of oil and grease will be collected in an
equalization tank to hold the wastewater for some predetermined time in a continuously
mixed basin to produce a uniform wastewater. The wastewater is then subjected to
Flocculation tank. In a flocculation tank, the water is stirred or otherwise moved around
so that the particles move around, bump into other particles. Chemicals (most commonly
"alum"/ polyelectrolyte) are often added to the water going into a flocculation tank to
help aid particle formation. The next step in the process is to separate the solid sludge
with the wastewater hence the wastewater will be transferred to Tube settlers which
capture the settle-able fine flock that escapes the clarification zone beneath the tube
settlers and allows the larger flock to travel to the tank bottom in a more settle-able form.
The Tube-settler's channel collects solid into a compact mass which promotes the solids to
slide down the tube channel to sludge drying beds and the water content will go into the
carbon filter to remove contaminants and impurities, utilizing chemical adsorption. After
giving UV treatment the treated water obtained shall be reused.
9.10.2 Water Conservation measures
Following measures shall be adopted for water conservation:

1. Reduction: The first step is reduction of water consumption, with strict measurement
and control of consumption. So, minimum water will be used for floor & vehicle washing.
2. Re-use: Treated water from the ETP will be reused in floor & vehicle washing &
Gardening.
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Figure 9.1. Scheme of ETP
9.10.3 Scheme of ETP
● Primary Treatment – Free Oil Separation (Oil & Grease Trap)- The oil & grease trap
tank is free oil removal equipment oil .Effluent is fed to the Oil & grease trap tank. Due to
the density difference between the oil & water, oil is separated from water using stokes
principle. Oil being lighter than water floats. Hence to skim off the floating oil, slotted
pipe oil skimmer has been provided. Oil via slotted pipe oil skimmer is collected in the oil
collection drum & disposed of.
● Equalisation Tank - The equalisation tank is designed to equalise BOD/COD loading

to the next treatment stage. It is designed with a 24 hour residence time and with mixing
by coarse bubble aeration.
● Mixing & Flocculation Units - The equipment provided for these include the agitator
(FM) in the Mixing tank (MT) and the Flocculator (FLCC) in Flocculator tank (FLCCT).
Alum (as coagulant) and Polyelectrolyte (as flocculant) are selected to enable coagulation
with high speed mixing and destabilizing the particle and then to start flocformation with
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long chain structure in the flocculation tank with gentle mixing. 20 minutes residence
time is provided in the flocculation tank for particles to become heavy before entering into
the lamella clarifier thereafter.
● Tertiary Treatment– The wastewater is then polished by removal of suspended

particles in a multi- grade sand filter (MGF) and residual refractory organic materials if
any in activated carbon filters (ACF). The COD is adsorbed in the active centres of the
granular activated carbon. The system is designed so that the carbon can be removed as
easily as possible and in a staged manner so that the plant copes hydraulically whilst an
adsorber is being changed.
● UV+Oxidation: The effluent will be provided with the Advanced Oxidation treatment
like per ozonation (i.e. UV/O3) to polish water and remove all COD. AOPs are processes
which result in in-situ generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH) which are most powerful and
109 times faster than Ozonation which has been used for quite some time in wastewater
treatment (Parsons, 1997). AOPs are collectively referred to all those processes which
ultimately generated OH radicals. These include, Fenton‟s Process, UV/ Fenton‟s
Process, Per-oxidation, Photolysis of Hydrogen Peroxide, Electrochemical AOPs,
Ultrasound AOPs and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis (Oturan and Aaron, 2014).
Characteristics of Inlet & Outlet

Table 9.3. Characteristics of Inlet and Outlet of waste water from ETP
S. No. Parameter INLET OF ETP OUTLET OF ETP

1 pH 6.5-8.5 7-8
2 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 200 <100
3 Oil & Grease (mg/l) 10 <10
4 B.O.D, 3 day 27° C (mg/l) 80 <30
5 C.O.D.(mg/l) 150 <100
9.10.4 Rain-Water Harvesting Scheme
As it is a Bio Medical Waste Treatment Unit, therefore rainwater from rooftop will be
channelized to the storm water drainage network of the industrial area. Other storm water
will be channelized to industrial drain outside the place.
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9.11 Waste Collection/Handling/Treatment/Disposal for COVID-19 Waste
1. COVID-19 Isolation Wards:

● Healthcare facilities having isolation wards for COVID-19 patients need to follow these
steps for ensure safe handling and disposal of biomedical waste generated during
treatment:
● Keep separate colour coded bins/bags containers in wards and maintain proper
segregation of waste as per BMWM Rules,2016 and amended and CPCB guidelines for
implementation of BMW Management Rules.
● As precaution double layered bags (using 2 bags) should be used for collection of waste
from COVID-19 isolation wards so as to ensure adequate strength and no-leaks.
● Collect and store biomedical waste separately prior to handling over the same CBWTF.
Use a dedicated collection bin labelled as “COVID-19” waste and keep separately in
temporary storage prior to handling over to authorised staff of CBWTF.
 Biomedical waste collected in such isolation wards can also be lifted directly from the
ward into the CBWTF collection van.
● In addition to mandatory labelling, bags/containers used for collecting biomedical
waste from COVID-19 wards, should be labelled as “COVID-19 Waste”. This marking
would enable CBWTF to identify easily to priority treatment and disposal immediately
upon receipt.
● General waste not having contamination should be disposed as Solid Waste as per
SWM Rules, 2016.
● Maintain a separate record of waste generated from COVID-19 isolation wards.
● Use dedicated trolleys and collection bins in COVID-19 isolation wards. A label
“COVID-19 Waste” to be pasted on these items also.
● The (inner and outer) surface of containers/bins/trolleys used for storage of COVID-19
waste should be disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution.
● Report opening or operation of COVID-19 ward to SPCBs.
● Depute dedicated sanitation workers separately for BMW and general solid waste so
that waste can be collected and transferred timely to temporary waste storage areas.
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2. Duties of Common Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF):

● Report to SPCBs/PCCs about receiving of waste from COVID-19 isolation
wards/Quarantine camps/quarantined homes/COVID-19 testing centers.
● Operators of CBWTF shall ensure regular sanitization of workers involved in handling
and collection of biomedical waste.
● Workers shall be provided with adequate PPEs including three layers masks, splash
proof aprons/gowns, nitrile gloves, gumboots and safety goggles.
● Vehicles should be sanitized with sodium hypochlorite or any appropriate chemical
disinfectant after every trip.
● COVID-19 waste should be disposed off immediately upon receipt at the facility.
● In case it is required to treat and dispose of more quantities of biomedical waste
generated from COVID-19 treatment, CBWTF may operate their facilities for extra
hours, by giving information to SPCBs/PCCs.
● Operators of CBWTF shall maintain separate records for collection, treatment and
disposal of COVID-19 waste.
● Do not allow any worker showing symptoms of illness to work at the facility. May
provide adequate leave to such workers and by protecting their salary.
9.12 EMP Budget
Table 9.4. Budget for implementation of Environmental Management Plan
SNo. Particulars Capital Recurring

Expenditure Expenditure
(Rs. In Lacs) (Rs. In Lacs/year)
1 Landscaping/ Plantation 4 1.5
2 Solid Waste Management 4 1.5
3 Waste Water 4 4
Management/ETP
4 APCS (advance process Control 8 6
system) Management
5 Environment Monitoring 2 2
6 Misc. 3 2
Total 25 17
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9.13 Budgetary Provision for CER activities
Corporate Environmental Responsibility has become an integral, self-regulating

mechanism through which business monitors and safeguards its active compliance with
the Law and ethical standards. CSR (As per latest OM, F.No. 22-65/2017, dated 1st
May, 2018,) aims to embrace responsibility for the company's actions and encourage a
positive impact through its activities on the environment, employees, consumers,
stakeholders, communities and the larger public.
The proposed project would proactively promote the public interest through provision of
basic amenities such as roads, transportation, electricity, education, sanitation and
healthcare facilities. This would also encourage community growth and development and
improved socio-economic conditions, and quality of life of the people living in the project
area. The Company shall also continue to have among its objectives the promotion and
growth of the national economy through increased productivity, effective utilization of
material, manpower resources and continued application of modern scientific and
managerial techniques, in keeping with the national aspiration and the company shall
continue to be mindful of its social and moral responsibilities to consumers, employees,
shareholders, society and the local community. The company shall earmark funds of Rs.
6.25 Lakhs for social and environmental development and welfare measures in the
surrounding villages towards development of education, healthcare and infrastructure
facilities. After that the company shall allot 2% of the annual profit towards CSR
activities as mandated by Indian Companies Act. The proposed CSR activities are given
in Table 9.5 below.
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Table 9.5. Proposed CSR activities and its budget
S. No Activities Details Frequency/ Total Amount

timelines Rs.
(Lakhs)
1 Bio-Medical Sensitization through Once in a 0.25
Waste awareness Organizing lectures Year
programs Of experts
2 Health checkups Health checkup Once in a year 1.5
For communities in the
Nearby villages
3 Installation Hand pump & Need based 1.25
of Community
Hand pumps Water Filter Units in the
nearby villages
4 Development Through donating Once in a 0.5
Of schools Books and other need Year
Based education materials
to the school
5 Health For nearby villagers Once in 6 1.0
immunization – months
camps Women & Children
6 Income For nearby villagers Quarterly 0.5
Generation –
Training programs Women empowerment
initiative
7 Parks/Playground Parks and playground Need based 0.25
s Will be renovated or
developed in nearby
villages/schools
8 Merit Scholarships For employee children and Once in a 0.25
for students others studying in Year
the nearby schools
9 Veterinary camps For cattle and domestic Once in 6 0.5
And Para-Vet milch animals in the months
Services nearby villages
10 Encouraging Organizing Sports meets/ Once in a 0.25
Rural sports competitions for the youth Year
in the nearby villages
Total 3.25
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9.14 Environment Management Cell

Figure 9.2. Environment Management Cell
Table 9.6. Roles and responsibility of EMP Cell
Role Responsibilities
Unit Head To coordinate & head all the sub in-charges of the Environment
Management Team.
Environmental He shall be responsible for implementation of Conditions as
Officer stipulated in Environmental Clearance in coordination with the sub
in-charges of the team & other environmental laws
Maintenance To coordinate & head the maintenance personnel who look after any
In-charge mechanical or technical faults in the waste management units of the
project.
Air He will coordinate with the Air management team & will deal with
management the problems with stacks & other air pollution problems.
Incharge
Water He will look after the waste water treatment systems & Rain water
management harvesting systems.
Incharge
Waste He will deal with the waste collection personnel & the disposal team.
management His responsibility is to keep technical checks for the waste treatment
Incharge technology used in the project.
Assistant He will deal with the Health & safety of the personnel working in the
Manager project.
He shall coordinate with the Disaster management team to impart
training & mock drills to the staff.
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CHAPTER 10
Summary and
Conclusion
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Chapter 10
Summary and Conclusion
1. Introduction
All the Health Care Establishments (HCEs) are required by law to put in place the
mechanisms for proper segregation and scientific disposal of Bio-Medical Waste (BMW)
to minimize adverse impacts on health care workers and on the environment. However,
installation of individual treatment facilities by health care establishments requires
significant capital investment and trained manpower for proper operation and
maintenance of treatment systems.
Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facilities (CBWTFs) offer huge advantage to

health care establishments through more efficient treatment and disposal of BMW and
through „Economies of Scale‟ (significant decrease in cost of treatment per kilogram).
(KEMPL), currently operating around 15 CBWTFs in all over India, proposes to
establish a new CBWTF with an intention to cater HCEs in Barpeta and surrounding
districts.
2. Project Details
M/s Ksepya proposes to establish a CBWTF in an area of 1 Bigha and 18 lechas at

Kahara Pathar village, Barpeta district, Assam with a capital cost of around Rs.48 lacs. It
is proposed to treat BMW generated from about hospital and clinical facilities from
Barpeta and surrounding districts. The key components of the proposed facility include
Incinerator – 5 TPD (50 kg/hr), Shredder – 50 kg/hr with all other supporting
infrastructure. It is proposed to establish the proposed facility in compliance with Bio-
Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016.
No alternatives sites were considered for development of this facility and the proposed
site is fairly found to be suitable location considering both the environmental and the
economical factors as per the siting criteria guidelines.
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The nearest railway station is Sorupeta Railway station app. 7.3 km north from the
project site. The nearest highway is NH-31 and is almost adjacent to the project site.
The total net water requirement for the proposed facility is 3.0 KLD. The primary source
of water will be from bore wells or else by external water tankers. The electric power
required for the facility is 25 kVA and will be supplied from APDCL. For emergency
backup, 25 KVA DG set will be maintained with optimal usage. It is estimated that it will
take about 8 to 12 months for execution of the proposed facility. About 17-20 full time
employees will be employed during the operation phase.
3. Baseline Environmental Status
Field studies were carried out to establish the existing environmental conditions (air,
water, noise, soil, and ecology) and socio-economic conditions. A study area of 10 km
radius from the project site was chosen to establish the present environmental and socio-
economic conditions. The baseline studies were carried out during the post monsoon
season of March, 2020 to May, 2020.
The winds were predominantly recorded from NE closely followed by N. Calm

conditions prevailed for 12.64% of the total time and the average wind speed for the
season is 2.31 m/s.
Ambient Air Quality
Ambient air quality monitoring stations were installed at 5 different locations. The
locations were selected in downwind, crosswind and upwind direction from the proposed
project site. At each location, monitoring was carried out at a frequency of 2 days per
week for 12 weeks during the study period.
PM2.5 levels were recorded in the range of 5.7 to 34 µg/m3 , PM10 levels were recorded
in the range of 21 to 58 µg/m3, Sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations were in the range of
5.0 to 9.5 µg/m3, Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) concentrations were in the range of 9.3 to
76 µg/m3 , Carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations were in the range of 0.24 to 0.45
mg/m3 The observed levels were compared with CPCB Standards (National Ambient
Air Quality Standards, 2009) and are found to be well within the limits.
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Water Quality Monitoring
Surface water and groundwater samples were collected from different sources within the
study area and analyzed for all important physico-chemical parameters to establish the
quality of water prevailing in the project surroundings. A total of 5 groundwater and 2
surface water samples were collected.
The groundwater samples were drawn from the bore wells and hand pump used by
villagers for their daily use. The surface water sample was drawn from pond & river. The
pH of ground water observed ranges from 6.86 to 7.02 and in surface water it was
observed as 7.86 to 7.89, the TDS level of ground water is from 215 to 296 mg/l, whereas
in surface water the levels are observed 70 to 74 mg/l. The chloride concentration in
ground water is between 36 mg/l to 54 mg/l, whereas the surface water has chloride
value of 12 to 14mg/l. The hardness observed in ground water is 116 to 154 mg/l and in
surface water the hardness found to be 34 to 38 mg/l.
Noise Monitoring
Noise levels were monitored at 5 different locations within study zone, using a noise
measurement device. The day levels of noise have been monitored during 6 AM to 10
PM and the night levels during 10 PM to 6 AM. The day equivalents during the study
period were in the range between 48.4 to 60.9 dB (A), whereas the night equivalents were
in the range of 41.5 to 51.3 dB (A). From the results it can be seen that the day
equivalents and the night equivalents were within the AAQ standards in respect of Noise
(2000).
Soil Quality
A total of 5 soil samples were collected from different locations within the study area. The
sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions representing various
land use conditions and geological features. From the analysis of soil samples, it is
identified that in the study area, the pH values vary from 7.26 to 7.61, the Organic
Carbon varies from 1.26 to 1.31 %, the available Nitrogen varies from 292 to 396 kg/ha,
the available Phosphorus varies from 30.5 to 40.3 kg/ha, and the available Potassium
varies from 168 to 224 kg/ha.
Ecological Environment
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Survey of Ecology and Biodiversity of the proposed Common Bio-Medical Waste

Treatment Facility was carried out during post monsoon season. A detailed study was
done within 10 km radius area of the project site which includes, primary data generation
through systematic studies to understand baseline ecological status, fauna structure and
important floristic elements, collection of secondary data from forest department.
Animal species observed during the survey among the mammals were monkeys, squirrels,
rats, bandicoots and mongoose. Among the reptiles garden lizards were observed
commonly. The amphibians were seen frequently in and around the water bodies.
Among the birds were crows, doves, eagle, duck, crane and mynas were observed.
Except few reserved forests, there are no National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere
Reserves and Important Bird Areas (IBA) within the study area. There are no reports of
occurrence of any rare or endangered or endemic or /threatened (REET) fauna in the
study area. None of the species reported or recorded from the study area placed in
Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
Socio-Economic Environment
The socio-economic study covers villages in the 10 km radius of proposed Common

Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility. The socio-economic study further categorizes the
villages into 3 zones, namely Core Zone (0 to 2 km radius), Buffer Zone (2 km to 5 km)
and other villages which are in 5 to 10 km distance from the proposed site. The baseline
study adopted a two-fold methodology for data collection, namely, review of published
secondary data and collection of primary data. Secondary data was collected from district
census statistics of 2011, which includes demography, occupational structure, literacy
profile and social structure etc.
The literacy rate among scheduled caste in Barpeta stands at 62.96% percent in 2001,
where male literacy was 74.19% and female literacy was 50.80%. In rural areas, it was
59.73% and in urban areas, it was 85.35% in 2001.
Barpeta and Bajali. There are eleven community development blocks, 129 gaon
panchayats, Total 851 villages among which 834 inhabited villages, 1 Zila Parishad, 11
Anchalik Parishad , two municipal board, four town committees, one census town, and
one revenue town. There are eight revenue circles in the district. The total number of
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household is 292924 where 268986 are in rural areas & 23938 are in urban areas. The
density of population is 508 and sex ratio is 941. The community development blocks are
2. Bajali C.D Block
7. Rupshi C.D Block
11. Chenga C.D Block
12. Jalah CD Block
An environmental management plan (EMP) has been prepared for the proposed facility,
to minimize negative impacts and is formed on the basis of prevailing environmental
conditions and likely impacts of this project on various environmental parameters. This
plan will also facilitate monitoring of environmental parameters. Preparation of EMP is
required for formulation, implementation and monitoring of environmental protection
measure. EMP includes schemes for proper and scientific treatment and disposal
mechanism for air, liquid and solid hazardous pollutants. Apart from this, green belt
development, safety aspect of the workers, noise control, fire protection etc. are also
included in it. The various components of the EMP are outlined in subsequent sections.
Purpose of Environmental Management Plan
Various purposes of the environmental management plan are:
 To treat and dispose off all the pollutants viz. air, liquid, gaseous and solid waste
so as to meet statutory requirements (Relevant Pollution Control Acts) with
appropriate technology. It will help to reduce the adverse effect on human being as
well as on environment due to the proposed facility.
 To support and implement work to achieve environmental standards and to

improve the methods of environmental management.
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 To promote green-belt development.

 To encourage good working conditions for employees.
 To reduce fire and accident hazards.
 Budgeting and allocation of funds for environment management system.
Environmental Management during Construction
The impacts during the construction phase on the environment would be basically of
temporary nature and are expected to reduce gradually on completion of the construction
activities.
Air Quality Mitigation Measures
For the proposed project site leveling and grading will be carried out if required, where
ever possible to maintain the natural elevations they will not be disturbed, only leveling
places required for construction of sheds and administrative buildings. According to the
engineering assessment, most of the excavated soil generated during construction
activities will be reused within the project site for leveling during road formation etc. The
excess if any will be given to local contractors for disposal in low lying areas, road
construction use etc.
During construction period most of the dust will be generated from the movement of
construction vehicles on unpaved roads. Unloading and removal of soil material shall
also act as a potential source for dust nuisance. The control measures proposed to be
taken up are given below.
 Water sprinkling on main haul roads in the project area will be done, this activity
will be carried out at least twice a day, if need arises frequency will be increased on
windy days, in this way around 50% reduction on the dust contribution from the
 The duration of stockpiling of excavated soil will be as short as possible as most of

the material will be used as backfill material for the open cut trenches for road
development.
 Temporary tin sheets of sufficient height (3m) will be erected around the site of
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 Tree plantations around the project boundary will be initiated at the early stages by
plantation of 2 to 3 years old saplings using drip irrigation or by regular watering
 All vehicles carrying raw materials will be instructed to cover with tarpaulin /
plastic sheet, unloading and loading activity will be stopped during windy period.
To reduce the dust movement from civil construction site to the neighborhood the
external part of the construction activity will be covered by plastic sheets.
Water Quality Mitigation Measure
nearby greenbelt / plantation area. During construction activity all the equipments
The waste generated from the site work shop will be segregated like used oil, lubricants,
etc. and disposed to authorized recyclers the waste like soiled cotton, paper, etc will be
disposed to dump/TSDF.
The domestic wastewater generated from temporary toilets used by the work force will be
diverted to septic tank followed by soak pit. Therefore, impact on water quality due to
proposed unit would be insignificant.
Noise Mitigation Measures
Noise generating equipment will be used during day time for brief period of its
possible the noise generating equipment will be kept away from the human habitation.
Temporary tin sheets of sufficient height (3m) will be erected around the noise generating
activity or all around the project site as barrier for minimizing the noise travel to
surrounding areas. Therefore, impact on noise environment due to proposed project
would be insignificant.
blow horns unless it is required. Personal protective equipment like earmuffs, helmets
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covering ears would be provided to the workers working near noise generating equipment
and would see that workers use the protective gadgets regularly.
Solid Waste Mitigation Measures
The solid waste generated during construction period being predominantly inert in
nature, construction and demolition waste does not create chemical or biochemical
pollution. However maximum effort would be made to reuse and recycle them. The most
of the solid waste material will be used for filing/levelling of low-laying areas, as road
construction material, if any excess given to local contractors for lifting and dumping in
low lying areas. All attempts would be made to stick to the following measures.
 All construction waste shall be stored within the site itself. A proper screen will be
provided so that the waste does not get scattered.
 Attempts will be made to keep the waste segregated into different heaps as far as
possible so that their further gradation and reuse is facilitated.

roads will also be kept in separate heaps from those which are to be sold.
 Reuse of bricks, tiles, stone slabs, timber, piping railings etc to the extent possible
and depending upon their conditions.
 Sale/ auction of materials which cannot be used at the site due to design constraint
 Plastics, broken glass, scrap metal, used cement bags, etc can be sent for recycling
in the industries.
 Rubble/ brick bats can be used for building activity, such as levelling, under coat
of lanes where the traffic does not constitute heavy moving loads.
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 The broken pieces of the flooring material can be used for levelling in the building
or can be disposed off
 The unused or remaining paints/varnishes/wood can either be reused or can be

disposed.
Land Environment
land area:
 Disposal of solid waste in the identified Land
Ecology
ecology. However, about 33% of total plot area is proposed for greenbelt development.
Socio-Economic
extent possible.
Environmental Management during Operations Phase
Operations phase being longer in duration and because of its potential to create
continuous impacts is important from the impact point of view. Comprehensive and
effective EMP has to be prepared and implemented to safe-guard environment during
operations phase.
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Air Quality Management including Odour control
The air pollutants in the plant may be classified broadly into particulate matter like dust,
fumes etc. and gases like Sulphur dioxide, Nitrogen oxide and Hydrogen chloride etc.
The measure to control the air pollution will ensure the ambient air quality standards as
laid down by Central Pollution Control Board for industrial areas. The system proposed
for air pollution control will provide acceptable environment condition in the working
areas and abate air pollution in the surrounding area of the plant. The technological
equipment and processes have been selected with the above objectives. Depending on
quality of emission from different sources, suitable air pollution control system will be
provided. The chimney height will be as per CPCB norms to ensure ground level
concentration of different pollutants within permissible limit. Once the hopper lid and
enclosure door is closed, shredder operates as a closed system. This also avoids any dust
generation etc.
Following measures are proposed to mitigate negative impact of operation phase of the
project on the surrounding air environment:
 Height of all the stacks will be as per statutory requirement. Incinerator stack will
have stack monitoring facility (SMF) consisting of sampling port-hole, platform
and access ladder.
 Adequate spares of critical components of dust collection systems will be kept to

ensure trouble – free operations and continuous compliance to emission norms.
 Transport vehicles will be properly maintained to reduce air emissions.
 Vehicles will be periodically checked for pollutant emissions against stipulated
norms.
 Idle running of vehicles will be minimized during material loading / unloading

operations.
Odor Control
The odor management is one the issue in CBWTF. The main aim is to minimize the
number of sources of odor generation which exist in site. To undertake direct
management of odor generating sources that give rise to odor problems.
The mitigation measures proposed to minimize and control odor are as follows.
Page | 239
 It shall be ensured that the total time taken from generation of bio-medical waste
to its treatment, which also includes collection and transportation time, shall not
exceed 48 hours.
 During transportation, the containers should be covered in order to prevent

exposure of public to odours and contamination.
 Good housekeeping practices.
 Dilution of odor concentration by spraying Ecosorb (organic and biodegradable

chemical) around odor generation areas at regular intervals.
Plantation of trees to reduce the odor and to carry out the process in closed room for
controlling/minimizing odor
Water Quality Mitigation Measures
Total water requirement for the proposed facility would be 32 KLD which will be sourced
be from M.P. Audyogik Kendra Vikas Nigam (Jabalpur), Ltd., however alternatively
water will be drawn from borewells within the site if possible or else by external water
tankers. Water conservation measures shall be taken to optimize the fresh water
requirement. Moreover, record of water consumption for different usages shall be
maintained.
 Wastewater generated from air pollution control devices/ vehicle and floor wash
etc. shall be treated in in-house ETP and shall be reused in APCDs.
 Proper and sufficient sanitary facility will be provided to workers to maintain

hygienic conditions at site. The sewage is disposed by the septic tank followed by
soak pit.
 Philosophy of maximum use of treated waste water within the plant will be
adopted to minimize consumptive water requirements and to achieve “zero”
effluent discharge from the plant.
 Adequate spares for effluent collection, handling, treatment and disposal system
shall be maintained.
 Records of analysis results of treated and untreated wastewater should also be

maintained.
Page | 240
 Record of the wastewater generation and recycle shall be maintained on printed

logbook/computer.
 Proper housekeeping shall be adopted to prevent spillages and contaminated

surface runoff going to storm water drains.
Rain water harvesting scheme
The rain water thus collected shall be used for greenbelt, vehicle washing etc., after
treatment, if necessary.
Noise Levels Management
The main sources of noise generation is due movement of vehicles carrying waste, all
vehicle (drivers) entering into the project will be informed to maintain speed limits, and
not blow horns unless it is required.
The other areas where noise generation is anticipated is incinerator section, DG set room,
necessary personal protective equipment like earmuffs, helmets covering ears would be
provided to the workers working near noise generating equipment and would see that
workers use the protective gadgets regularly. Regular maintenance of the equipment will
be carried out as per the schedule given by suppliers. The noise pollution management
measures proposed is given below.
 Acoustic Enclosure for all the high noise level equipments
 All the design/installation precautions as specified by the manufacturers with

respect to noise control are strictly adhered
 Major noise generating sources are insulated adequately by providing suitable

enclosures
 Other than the regular maintenance of the various equipment, ear plugs are
provided to the personnel close to the noise generating units
 All the opening like covers, partitions shall be designed properly
Solid Waste Management
Page | 241
Solid wastes shall be generated in the form of Incineration ash from Incinerator, ETP
sludge from ETP process and used oil from the plant utility. Following steps shall be
taken:
 Incineration ash from incinerator will be temporarily stored at ash storage pit and
finally it will be disposed to the nearest authorized TSDF site.
 Incineration ash and ETP sludge will be sent to authorized TSDF site
 Used oil will be properly stored and it will be re-used as lubricants in the
machineries within the premises only.
 Record of solid waste generation and disposal shall be maintained.
 All necessary precautions shall be taken during handling, loading and unloading of
solid waste.
Land Environment
Treated effluent will be utilized for gardening/plantation after ensuring norms specified
by pollution control board by which impact on soil and ground water will be insignificant.
separate area under the shed so as to avoid entry of rain water during the monsoon and
for easy collection and in case, incineration ash is hazardous waste in nature same should
be disposed through authorized TSDF.
Socio - Economic
The Socio – Economic impact of operational phase will be positive due to direct and
indirect employment opportunity for the local villages. Local people from nearby villages
extent possible.
Ecology
species of animals. Due to the development of green belt at the project vicinity the impact
on the ecology will be minimal.
Page | 242
The proposed project proposes to develop at least 30% of its plot area as green area.
CER Activities
The Project proponent ratifies to spend app. 6.25 lakhs under corporate environmental
responsibilities and also towards social development of nearby areas of the project site.
This is will further improve the life style of people by providing them jobs but also bring
in cleanliness in the area.
COST OF EMP
The cost of the project is estimated to be about Rs. 48 lakhs. Rs. 25 lakhs is capital cost on
EMP & Rs. 17 Lakhs/year of recurring cost on Environment Management Plan.
Conclusion
This project is needed not just for the treatment of bio-medical waste but should also be
seen as corner stone is revving up the need for such plants in the area. The nearest bio-
medical plant is app. 440 km away from this site at the outskirts of Guwahati.
There should be awareness not just at societal level but also at individual level. This
project is the need of the hour, where bio-medical created virus has become a pandemic.
Such facilities are now the indispensable corner stone of our societies.
Page | 243
CHAPTER 11
DISCLOSURE OF
CONSULTANTS
Page | 244
Chapter 11
Disclosure of Consultants
M/s Shivalik Solid Waste Management Limited (SSWML) has been appointed as
Consultant to carry out Environmental Impact Assessment study of the proposed
Biomedical Waste Management Facility at Barpeta, Assam. Brief profile of SSWML is as
below:
Name of the Consultancy M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Company
Address Registered Office:
Village-Majra, P.O.
Dabhota, Tehsil Nalagarh, Distt.
Solan, Himachal Pradesh - 174101
Zirakpur Office:
SCO 20-21, 2nd
Floor, Near Hotel Dolphin,
Baltana, Zirakpur Punjab- 140604
Nature of Services Treatment, Storage & Disposal Facility, EIA/EMP
Auditing, EMS, Environmental Monitoring &
Laboratory Analytical Services, Waste water
Management, Energy Audit Greens Concept
Development, etc.
Shivalik Solid Waste Management Limited (SSWML), Nalagarh is offering high quality
technical services in the field of EIA, Environment, Health & Safety (EHS), and
Environmental Monitoring & Laboratory Analytical Services etc.
SSWML is supported by distinguished professionals, engineers, scientists etc. SSWML

Professionals have excellent experience in executing EIA and other environmental
projects.
Page | 245
For Environmental Monitoring related work we have our in-house laboratory approved
by NABL. Following experts are associated with SSWML for EIA and Environmental
projects.
Table 11.1 Key Personnel/Experts Associated with the Study
S. No. Name of Expert Field of Expertise
1 Dr. D.M. Dharmadhikari Coordinator

2 Mr. Ashok Sharma FAE- Hazardous Waste
3 Mrs. Daksha Gupta FAE- Solid & Hazardous Waste
4 Mr. Silbhadra Brahma FAE– Ecology & Biodiversity
5 Mr. Subhash Sharma FAE-Geology
FA -
6 Mr. Vishal Duggal E Air Pollution & Water Pollution
7 Dr. TapanMajumdar FAE-Hydrology
8 Mrs. Sayantani Chatterjee FAE-Socio-Economic
Mr. Swapan Kumar
9 Bandopadhyay FAE-Risk & Hazard

10 Mr. B.S. Lole FAE- Soil Conservation
11 Mr. Vinay Kr. Kurakula FAE-Noise and Vibration & Land Use
12 Mr. Suketu Y. Shah FAE-Air Quality &Modeling
Mr. Ashok Sharma
Mr. Sanjay Sharma
13 Team involved in preparation Mr. Prafful Kose
of EIA/EMP report under the Mr. Kaunain Sidqui
guidance of approved Experts Mr. Kumar Saurav
Ms Neeraj Kumari
Ms. Shivani Dutt
Page | 246
Certificate
Page | 247
Page | 248
M/s Ksepya Environment Management Private Limited 249

Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility (Incinerator Capacity 50 KG/HR)

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DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR

Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility

Ksepya Environment Management Private Limited

SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LIMITED

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

3.12 Biological Environment……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…122

Summary and Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 229

Table 6.3. Environmental Monitoring during Operational Phase ……………………………………………………………………….173

Approved Terms of Reference (TOR)

Compliance of Terms of Reference (TOR)

based on the ToR letter issued by the SEIAA, Assam and

Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facilities (CBWTFs) offer huge advantage to

Ksepya Environment Management Private Limited proposes to establish a CBWTF in an

all other supporting infrastructure. It is proposed to establish the proposed facility in

2. Description of the Environment

Ambient Air Quality

Water Quality Monitoring

Survey of Ecology and Biodiversity of the proposed Common Bio-Medical Waste

The socio-economic study covers villages in the 10 km radius of proposed Common

Barpeta district is a socio- economically backward district consisting of two subdivisions-

3. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Impacts during Construction Phase

Impacts during Operation Phase

Table ES.1. Air Environment (Construction/Operation Phase)

Sl. Expected Impact Impact Zones Management Plan

Sl. Expected Impact Impact Zones Management Plan

Table ES.2. Water Environment (Construction/Operation Phase)

Sl. Expected Impact Impact Zones Management Plan

Table ES.3. Land Environment (Construction/Operation Phase)

Sl. Expected Impact Impact Zones Management Plan

Sl. Expected Impact Impact Zones Management Plan

With these measures it is

Table ES.4. Noise Environment (Construction/Operation Phase)

Sl. Expected Impact Impact Zones Management Plan

4. Environmental Monitoring Programme

Environmental Monitoring Program includes: (i) continuous online monitoring of the

 All reasonably practicable measures to minimize the risk of such accident in

 Treatment equipment to be designed by qualified and experienced professionals and

7. Environment Management Plan

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable

Summary Environment Management actions during construction phase will comprise

electrical safety, ergonomics, availability of PPE, medical evacuation preparedness,

According to Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules 2016, Bio-Medical Waste (BMW)

The rules to be followed are as given below :

 Untreated biomedical waste shall be transported only in such vehicles as may be

1.2 Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF)

Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) is providing services to Health

Category Type of Waste Type of Bag or Treatment and Disposal

Category Type of Waste Type of Bag or Treatment and Disposal

Category Type of Waste Type of Bag or Treatment and Disposal

Category Type of Waste Type of Bag or Treatment and Disposal

Option Waste Category Treatment & Disposal

Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste Incineration / deep burial

Option Waste Category Treatment & Disposal

(Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks or microwaving/ incineration

1.3. Purpose of Report

1.4. The Project and Project Proponent

Ksepya Environment Management Private Limited has proposed a Common Biomedical

Proponent: Ksepya Environment Management Private Limited.

Contact Details: Mr. Golam Mustafa Kamal

1.5. Environment Consultant

M/s SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LIMITED established by