REVISION TEST

1. Drugs can be made as chemical substances that are____________ in the laboratory.

A. metabolized B.recognized c. synthesized D. identifying
2. The brand name is the private____________of the individual drug manufacturer
and no competitor may use it.
A. property B.letter c. company D. knowledge
3. The effect of a drug on the body depends on a number of_______________that the
drug undergoes as it moves through the body.
A. practices B.processes c. works D. actions
4. Molecular pharmacology concerns the study of the____________of drugs and
subcellular entities.
A. interaction B. interrelated c. internship D. action
5. Libraries and hospitals have two large_________________listings of drugs.
A. training B. machinery c. reference D. dictionary
6. When possible, buy generic medicines rather than brand name
product_______________the generic ones art often much cheaper.
A. when B. although c.if D.as
7. The mathematical description of drug disposition in the body
____________________time is called pharmacokinetic.
A. over B. for c. in D.on
8. Pharmarcodynamic________________the study of drug effects la the body.
A. changes B. prescribes c. metabolize D.involves
9. Pharmacists who practice in hospital also specialize in pharmacology and they can
advise physicians on the optimal use of__________________drugs.
A. medical B. medic c.medicinal D.medicine
10. Drug, substance that affects the function of living cells, are used in medicine
to_______________,cure, prevent the occurrence of diseases and disorders.
A. diagnose B. diagnosis c. suppose D.diagnostic
11. Nowadays drugs for patients who need insulin are_______________in the
pharmaceutical market. 
A. appear B. available c. availability D.A and; IP
12. A drug can be__________________by several pharmaceutical companies.
A. manufacturer B. production
c. productive D. manufactured
13. The most common way to categorize a drug is by its _________________ on a
particular area of the body or ma particular condition.
A. affect B. effect c. effective D.infection
14. Drugs are used in the prevention or treatment of disease or
to_________________bodily function.
A. alter B. change c. stop D. A and B
15. Antibiotics has largely_________________________many diseases.
A. bought B. controlled c. given D. sold
16. Cocaine can be________________by a doctor for necessary medical uses.
A administrative B. administration c administered D. administer
17. FDA has the legal___________________for deciding whether a drug may be
distributed ạnd sold.
A. addiction B. responsibility c. valuable D. addictive
18. The treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances is
called____________ .
A. therapy B. discharge C. chemotherapy D. treatment
19. Antidotes NISI substances given to___________unwanted effects drugs.
A. neutralize B. diagnose C. create D.respond to
20. Toxicological studies ii animal; are_______________toy law before new drugs
can be tested in humans.
A. requested B. stimulate C.required D. A and C
21. Which word does not belong to the group?
A. discomfort B. disadvantage
& advantageous D. inconvenience
22. Which words concerns with a trouble with eating?
A. diarrhea B. constipation c. indigestion D.pneumonia
23. _______ is the feeling wanting to fal asleep, especially a side of some cold drugs.
A. Drowsiness B. Vertigo C. insomnia D. Restlessness
24. In case of shock and ________________stimulants are used to speed up vital
process in the body.
A. depress B. enhance C. stress D. restlessness
25._______________is the condition of difficulty breathing in patients.
A. Dyspnea B. Tremor c. Initiation D. Hives
26. Some bacteria which are________ antibiotics are hard to destroyed.
A. resistant to B. fight against C. transmit D. related on
27. Asimilar word for “enhance” is_____________.
A. increase B. decrease C.decline D.reduce
28.__________is the inflammation of the membranes in the brain.
A. menigitis B. syphilis C. gonorrhea D. All are correct
29. oral administraion is the indication of drugs by____________________.
A. stomach B. anus C. mouth D. nose
30. The side effects of some antibiotics may________nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
A. including B. consist C. include D. differ
31. Side efffects can occur with the usual therapeutic dosage of drug and are
generally__________.
A. tolerable B. intolerable C. dependent D. independent
32. This medicine must not be used if there is a history of___________reaction.
A. constituents B. useful C. favorable D.allergic
33. AEC inhibitors are used in treating hypertension and mmyocardio infarction,
especially if patients
show of a weakened heart.
A. evidence B. evident C. prove D. belief
34.  When ite patient has______________ pectoris, he should lie down to have a rest.
A. failure B, trouble C. heart D. angina
35. Cholesterol-lowering drugs reduce hypercholesterolemia, which is a 
________________factor in the development of heart disease.
A. minor B. majority C. major D. mild
36. Sedative has the function of________________the abnormal behavior of the
patient.
A. increasing B. enhancing C. promoting D. stabilizing
37. Side effects may include ____________of the gastrointestinal tract and
hypersensitivity
38. Many gram-negative bacteria have________________ resistance to sulfonamides.
A. discovered B. added C. developed D. invented
39. Antiviral drugs interfere with the life cycle of a virus by preventing its
______________________.into a host cell.
 A. penetration B.flying c.driving D. move
40 Antibacterial drugs act by causing problems to some________________
characteristics of bacteria.
A. specific B. particular c. peculiar D. All are correc
41. These antibodies protect the body future infections by viruses of the same type.
A. in B. with c. from D. for
42. From the blood stream, the drug is distributed ____________________the body to
various tissues and organs, n
A. through B. throughout c. part D. onto
43. The effect of a drug on the body depends__________a number of processes
happening in the bodg
A. on B. upon c. into D. A and B
44. Distribution is the transport of a drug from the bloodstream to tissue
sites________________it will be effective.
A. which B. where c. when D. that
45. Most drugs circulate through the kidneys where they are____________into the
urine.
A. discharged B. elimination c. excreting D. excrete
46. Side effects of the penicillins can include anaphylactic shock____________ .can
be fata
A. that B. which c. whom D. whose
47. Bacteria can spontaneously________________, producing strains that are
resistant to existing antibiotics,
A. replace B. grow c. take place D. take
48. Antifungal drugs can destroy fungal cells by_______________cell walls. A.
having B. destroying c. multiplying D. A and B
49.__________is an infectious illness like a very bad cold that also causes a fever.
A. Influenza B. Diarrhea c. Pneumonia D. Anemia
50. Vaccines are made from either live___________ viruses or killed viruses.
A. weak B. weakened c. weakening D. All are correct
51. Aerosols (particles of drug suspended in air) are administered by____________,
as are many anesthetics Al
A. inhalation B.surgery c. moving D. taking
52. Sedative and hypnotics are medications that are prescribed___________insomnia
and sleep disorders,I
A. for B. with c. to D. about
53. Many medicines that come __________________pills or capsules also come in
syrups or solutions.
A. to B.with c.about D.in
54. Amoxicillin must be prescribed by a doctor. It is_____________in tablets,
capsules and liquid form.
A. available B. appear C. capable D. occur
55. Amoxicillin may also____________some reactions such as mild diarrhea.
A. move B. lead to C. due to D. result from
56. The doses prescribed by the physicians are those by each drug's manufacturer.
A. show B. indicate C. recommended D. taken
57. drugs are designed to act in the nose or lungs.
A. Antibiotic B. Inhaling C. Existing D. Inhaled
58. Drugs are given by mouth and are slowly into the bloodstream through the
stomach and intestinal wall.
 A. pushed B. absorbed C. absorption D.put
59 . Drugs are given by rectum when oral administration presents difficulties, such as
when the patient is nauseated and ____________________.A. swallow B. breath c.
vomiting D. death
60. This injection is given directly into a vein. It is used when an immediate effect
from a drug is_____________
A. wanted B. desired c. expected D. All of these
II. READING COMPREHENSION.
A. Cloze Test.
1. Find the appropriate given words to complete the passage.
A. syndrome B. antiviral c. influenza D. cure E. viruses F. either
G. attack H. altering I. which J. infections
Antiviral drugs interfere with the life cycle of a virus by preventing its penetration
into a host cell or by blocking the synthesis of new viruses. Antiviral drugs may (1)
__cure _______but often only suppress, viral infections. With some
(2)_____viruses_____, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),  which causes
acquired immunodeficiency_____syndrome_______ (3) (AIDS), antiviral drugs can
only prolong life, not cure the disease. Vaccines are used as
(4)____antiviral______drugs against diseases such like mumps, measles, smallpox,
poliomyelitis, and (5)____influenza____, Vaccines are made from
(6)______either_______live, weakened viruses or killed viruses, both of (7)___which
_______are designed to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies, proteins
that (8)______attack____ foreign substances. These antibodies protect the body from
future (9)_____infections__________by viruses of the same type (see
Immunization).  Antifungal drugs selectively destroy fungal cells by
(10)____altering__________, cell walls. The cells' contents leak out and the cells die.
Antifungal drugs can cure, or may only suppress, a fungal infection.
2. Find the appropriate given words to complete the passage.
A. down B. absorbed c. processes D. on
E. body F. disorders G. tissues H. chemical
I. pharmacokinetics J. from
Drug, substance that affects the function of living cells, used in medicine to diagnose,
cure, prevent the diseases and (1)__disorders___________, and prolong the life of
patients with incurable conditions.
The effect of a drug on the body depends (2)______on_____a number of processes
that the drug undergoes as it moves through the (3) _____body______. All these
processes together are known as (4) ___pharmacokinetics________. (literally,
"motion of the drug"). First in these (5) ____processes_______is the administration
of the drug after which it must be (6) _____absorbed______into the bloodstream.
From the bloodstream, the drug is distributed throughout the body to various
(7)tissues and organs. As the drug is metabolized, or broken (8) ___down________
and used by the body, it goes through (9) ____chemical_______changes that produce
metabolites, or altered forms of the drug, most of which have no effect on the body.
Finally, the drug and its metabolites are eliminated (10) ___from________the body.
3. Find the appropriate given words to complete the passage.
A. monitored B. addiction c. drugs D. on E. preventing F. going 
G. symptoms H. mood I. pharmacological 3. school
Many different signs can point to drug (1)___addiction_______The most obvious
is feeling the need to have a particular drug or substance. Changes in
(2)_symptoms________, weight, or interests are other signs of drug addiction. If you
think you — or a friend — may be addicted to prescription drugs, talk to your doctor,
(3)____pharmacological_____counselor, or nurse. They can help you get the help you
need. It's especially important for someone who is (4)____going______through
withdrawal from a CNS depressant to speak with a doctor or seek medical treatment.
Withdrawal can be dangerous when it's not (5)____preventing______.
If someone has become addicted to prescription (6)__drugs____________, there
are several kinds of treatment, depending (7)____on_____individual needs and the
type of drug used. The two main categories of drug addiction treatment are behavioral
and (8) ____mood______. Behavioral treatments teach people how to function
without drugs — handling cravings, avoiding drugs and situations that could lead to
drug use, and (9)_____monitored_____and handling relapses. Pharmacological
treatments involve giving patients a special type of medication to help them overcome
withdrawal (10)_____school______and drug cravings.
4. Find the appropriate given words to complete the passage.
A. medical B. out c. past D. smoke E. anesthetic F. tests G. anesthesiologist H.
heart I. previous J. which

Although you may be able to talk to the (1) G a day or two prior to the operation, you
might not meet until that day. Either way, the anesthesiologist will go over your (2) A
history and information thoroughly, so that he or she can make the right choice
regarding (3)E medications tailored to your individual needs. The anesthesiologist
might order additional (4) F (such as x-rays or blood or laboratory tests) to help figure
(5)B the best possible personalized anesthetic plan for you. In addition to doing a
physical examination of your airways, (6)H , and lungs, the anesthesiologist will also
want to get your medical history, (7)J will include asking about: your current and (8)
C health, your family's health, any medications, supplements, or herbal remedies you
are taking (consider bringing a list of exactly what you take, detailing how much and
how often), any (9)I reactions you or any blood relative has had to anesthesia, any
allergies (especially to foods, medications, or latex) you may have, whether you
(10)D , drink alcohol, or take recreational drugs.

B. Reading.
1. Read this passage and say whether these sentences are TRUE or FALSE.
Amoxicillin is an antibiotic drug used to treat infection. It has many uses,
including the treatment of respiratory, ear and skin infections, as well as urinary or
genital infections and gonorrhea. Amoxicillin works by preventing invading bacteria
from multiplying in the body.
Amoxicillin must be prescribed by a doctor. It is available in tablets, capsules
and liquid form, all of which are taken orally. The typical adult dose is 259mg taken
every eight hours with or without food. Larger doses are prescribed for certain
infections, such as gonorrhea. Dosages for children are determined by body weight,
although children over 22kg can take adult dosages. The drug starts to work within
one to two hours of treatment. Because some infections can reappear in more harmful
forms if not completely eliminated, this drug should be taken for the full length of
time prescribed by a doctor, even after symptoms disappear.
Amoxicillin should not be used by patient who are allergic to penicillin
antibiotics. It may also interfere with routine tests used to monitor diabetes.
TRUE or FALSE ?
Amoxicillin can be administered in a variety of diseases concerning with respiratory
system. T
2. Amoxicillin can be taken before or after meals when the patient is full or empty. T
3. Large doses can be given for any kind of infections. F
4. Doctors can prescribe this drug for any adults as well as children. T
5. This drug should be used with the prescription of the doctor because it misuse can
lead to the harmful recurrence of the disease. T
2. Read this passage and say whether these sentences are TRUE or FALSE.
The duration and intensity of pharmacological action of most drugs are
determined by the rate they are metabolized. In general, anything that increases the
rate of metabolism of a pharmacologically active metabolite will decrease the
duration and intensity of the drug action. The opposite is also true (e.g., enzyme
inhibition).
Various physiological and pathological factors can also affect drug metabolism.
In general, drugs are metabolized more slowly in fetal, neonatal and elderly humans
and animals than in adults.
Genetic variation accounts for some of the variability in the effect of drugs.
With N-acetyltransferases, individual variation creates a group of people who
acetylate (acety hóa) slowly (slow acetylators) and those who acetylate quickly. This
variation may have dramatic consequences, as the slow acetylators are more
susceptible to dose-dependent toxicity. Monooxygenase system enzymes can also
vary across individuals, with deficiencies occurring in 1-30% of people, depending on
their ethnic background. Pathological factors can also influence drug metabolism,
including liver, kidney, or heart diseases.
TRUE or FALSE?
1. The rate at which most drugs are metabolized determines the duration of their
pharmacological action. T
2. Drug metabolism happens more quickly in new-born babies than in adults. F
3. Drug metabolism is never affected by any pathological factors. F
4. Genetic variations also cause some different effects of drugs. T
5. Individual variations don't cause any serious results in dose- dependent toxicity. F
3. Read this passage and say whether these sentences are TRUE or FALSE.
Often nicknamed "water pills." diuretics are substances that work by stimulating
activity in the kidneys, increasing the passage of body fluids and salts by urination.
Diuretics are used to treat excess fluid in the body, a side effect of a number of
medical conditions including high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, glaucoma
and kidney disease. Over-the-counter diuretics include mild diuretics, herbal products,
and foods with diuretic agents. One of the most well-known over-the-counter diuretics
is a drug called pamabrom. Pamabrom is a mild diuretic used in products designed to
treat excess water weight, bloating, and puffiness that occurs during menstruation. It
is often combined with pain relievers and marketed under multiple nonprescription
brand names. The majority of over-the-counter diuretics are herbal based. For
example, the culinary herb parsley can be used to flush out the kidneys. Parsley is also
a natural source of potassium and may be more effective at preventing potassium
deficiencies than some other diuretics. Cranberries, asparagus, beets, and a host of
other foods are natural diuretics that can be added to the diet without the need for a
prescription. Those interested in taking over-the-counter diuretics should not assume
that these products are safe. Diuretics are not capable of burning fat, however, only
water weight. Long term use of diuretics can lead to dehydration and potassium
deficiency. These substances may also cause harm in individuals with preexisting
medical conditions or those already using a prescription diuretic. For health and
safety, anyone considering an over-the- counter diuretic should seek the advice of
doctor or pharmacist.
TRUE or FALSE?
1. Over-the-counter diuretics include mild diuretics, herbal products, and foods with
diuretic agents. T
2. Long term use of diuretics leads to dehydration and potassium deficiency. T
3. Parsley is not really a natural source of potassium and may be less effective at
preventing potassium deficiencies than some other diuretics. F
4. Diuretics are used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.F
5. For health and safety, anyone considering an over-the-counter diuretic should seek
the advice of doctor or pharmacist. T
4. Read this passage and say whether these sentences are TRUE or FALSE.
Taking antibiotics for colds and other viral illnesses not only won't work, but it can
also have dangerous side effects — over time, this practice actually helps create
bacteria that are harder to kill. Frequent and inappropriate use of antibiotics can cause
bacteria or other microbes to change so antibiotics don't work against them. This is
called bacterial resistance or antibiotic resistance. Treating these resistant bacteria
requires higher doses of medicine or stronger antibiotics. Because of antibiotic
overuse, certain bacteria have become resistant to even the most powerful antibiotics
available today.
Antibiotic resistance is a widespread problem, and one that the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) calls "one of the world's most pressing public health
problems." Bacteria that were once highly responsive to antibiotics have become
more and more resistant. Among those that are becoming harder to treat are
pneumococcal infections (which cause pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections,
and meningitis), skin infections, and tuberculosis.
In addition to antibiotic resistance, overusing antibiotics can lead to other problems.
Antibiotics kill many different bacteria, even the good ones that help keep the body
healthy. Sometimes taking antibiotics can cause a person to develop diarrhea due to a
lack of good bacteria that help digest food properly.
TRUE or FALSE?
1. Frequent and inappropriate use of antibiotics can cause bacteria or other microbes
to change so antibiotics don't work against them. T
2. Because of antibiotic overuse, certain bacteria have become resistant to even the
most powerful antibiotics available today. T
3. Bacteria that were once highly responsive to antibiotics have become more and
more resistant. T
4. Overusing antibiotics cannot lead to other problems. F
5. Sometimes taking antibiotics can cause a person to develop diarrhea due to a lack
of good bacteria that help digest food properly. T

C. TRANSLATION.

Translate these sentences into Vietnamese.

1. Vaccines are used as antiviral drugs against diseases such as mumps, measles,
smallpox, poliomyelitis, and influenza. Vaccines are made from either live, weakened
viruses or killed viruses, both of which are designed to stimulate the immune system
to produce antibodies, proteins that attack foreign substances.
2. Minor tranquillizers are used to treat neurosis and to relieve anxiety and
tension due to various causes. Some drowsiness and dizziness are side effects of most
tranquillizers, and abnormal muscle action sometimes occur with major tranquillizers
at high dose. Minor tranquillizers often cause dependence with prolonged use.
3. Absorption involves several phases. First, the drug needs to be administered
via some route of administration and in a specific dosage form such as a tablet,
capsule, solution and so on.
4. Antiviral drugs interfere with the life cycle of a virus by preventing its
penetration into a host cell or by blocking the synthesis of new viruses.
5. Rare adverse effects associated with prolonged use of aminoglycosides
include damage to the vestibular region of the ear, hearing loss and kidney damage.
6. Distribution of a drug may be delayed by the binding of the drug to proteins
in the blood. Because the proteins are too large to pass through blood vessel walls, the
drug remains in the blood for a longer period until it is eventually released from the
proteins.
7. Drugs are usually injected into the muscle of the upper arm, thigh, or buttock.
How quickly the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream depends, in part, on the blood
supply to the muscle: The sparser the blood supply, the longer it takes for the drug to
be absorbed.
8. For some people, antidepressant treatment causes an increase, rather than a
decrease, in depression and with it, an increased risk of suicide. While this is
particularly true of children and young adults on antidepressant medication, anyone
taking antidepressants should be closely watched for suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
The suicide risk is greatest during the first one to two months of antidepressant
treatment.
9. The antipseudomonal penicillins are used against infections caused by gram-
negative Pseudomonas bacteria, a particular problem in hospitals. They may be
administered as a prophylactic in patients with compromised immune systems, who
are at risk from gram-negative infections.
10. Caution about the use of antibiotics is warranted because they are powerful .
With indiscriminateuse, pathogenic organisms can develop resistance to the antibiotic
and thus destroy the antibiotic's disease-fighting capability.
11. Experiments have shown that lowering people's serotonin levels doesn't
always lower mood, nor does it worsen symptoms in people who are already
depressed. And while antidepressants raise serotonin levels within hours, it takes
weeks before medication is able to relieve depression. If low serotonin caused
depression, there wouldn't be this antidepressant medication lag.
12. When your body comes into contact with whatever your allergic trigger is
— pollen, ragweed, pet dander, dust mites, for example “ it makes chemicals called
histamine. They cause the tissue in your nose to swell (making it stuffy), your nose
and eyes to run, and your eyes to itch. Sometimes you may also get an itchy rash on
your skin, called hives.
13. Do not share this medication with others. It Is recommended you attend a
diabetes education program to understand diabetes and all important aspects of its
treatment including meals/diet, exercise, personal hygiene, medications and getting
regular eye, foot and medical exams. Consult your doctor or pharmacist.
14. Since the heart is a muscle that must work continuously, it requires a
constant supply of nutrients and oxygen. Those nutrients and oxygen are carried to
the heart muscle in the blood. The chest pain known as angina can occur when there
is an insufficient supply of blood, and consequently of oxygen, to the heart muscle.
15. However, a major drawback of thiazide diuretics is that they often deplete
the body of potassium. This can be compensated for with a potassium supplement.
Potassium-rich foods and liquids, such as apricots, bananas, and orange juice, can
also be used to help correct a potassium deficiency. Salt substitutes are another source
of potassium. If necessary, your doctor will direct you to a source of potassium
appropriate for you.