MID-TERM TEST DCQ2021B-NNCN2-key

ENGLISH MID-TERM TEST

Wednesday September 28th, 2022
I. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURES (30 P)
SECTION A (20P): Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. Then mark
a cross (X) over the letter of the answer you have chosen on your answer sheet.
1. Propranolol (INN) is a non-selective beta blocker mainly used in the treatment of ……….
A. hyperglycemia B. hypoglycemia C. hypertension D. hypotension
2. Phenylephrine or Neo-Synepherine is an α-adrenergic receptor agonist used primarily as a
decongestant, as an agent to ………. the pupil and to increase blood pressure.
A. reduce B. shrink C. dilate D. decrease
3. Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are responsible for most of the problems with ………. of
sedatives due to their widespread “recreational” or non-medical use.
A. abuse B. using C. abused D. used
4. Corticosteroids are used to treat flare-ups of atopic eczema. They are applied ………. to the
affected areas of skin to reduce inflammation and itching.
A. directly B. direct C. directed D. directing
5. The first vaccines for rabies were produced by growing the virus in rabbits, and then weakening
it by drying the ………. nerve tissue.
A. effect B. affecting C. effective D. affected
6. Spleen is an organ ………. in the abdomen of the human body, where it functions in the
destruction of old red blood cells and holds a reservoir of blood.
A. locates B. located C. locate D. locating
7. Kidneys’ primary role is to maintain the homeostatic balance of bodily fluids by filtering and
………. metabolites and minerals from the blood and excreting them, along with water, as
urine.
A. secrete B. secreting C. secreted D. secretes
8. Liver is the ………. internal organ in the human body, and is an organ present in vertebrates
and some other animals.
A. larger B. smaller C. smallest D. largest
9. Depending on the specific medication, powders, ultra-fine drug particles in a dry form, are
usually dissolved or mixed in liquids or food and ………. after being prepared.
A. take immediately B. take immediate C. taken immediately D. taken immediate
10. ………. are solid medications that can be put into the body through the rectum, urethra, or
vagina.
A. Powders B. Capsules C. Suppositories D. Pastes
11. ………. are solutions or suspensions used on the skin and are not as sticky and greasy as
creams and ointments.
A. Lotions B. Creams C. Ointments D. Pastes
12. ………. is the term for a hollow gelatin container that holds a powdered medication.
A. Capsule B. Tablet C. Powder D. Paste
13. ………. are usually the cheapest form of medication, but they may be difficult for some people
to swallow.
A. Syrups B. Elixirs C. Powders D. Tablets
14. Detailed information on a particular prescription drug is contained in the ………..
A. insert prescription B. prescription insert C. insert patient D. insert package
15. In the section you will find the recommended ………., as well as information about the intervals
between doses.
A. range dosage B. dosage range C. range dose D. range doses
16. A symptom is any sensation or change in bodily function ………. by a patient and associated
with a particular disease.
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A. experiencing B. experience C. experiencing D. experienced

17. Companies may use different ………. to convey drug information but inserts usually include
related sections in a similar order.
A. insert styled B. inserted styles C. style inserts D. insert styles
18. In clinical pharmacology they state how the drug actually works (e.g., how the medicine acts in
the body, how it is absorbed and eliminated, its effects with different ……….).
A. concentrate B. concentrations C. concentrates D. concentrated
19. In the section “……….” commonly called ''side effects'', any unwanted effect that may be
connected with the use of the drug is listed here.
A. Adverse reacted B. Adverse reactions C. adverse acts D. adverse reacts
20. In the section “Drug abuse and dependence”, dependence and withdrawal symptoms
associated with drug abuse are ………..
A. clear state B. clear states C. stating clearly D. clearly stated

SECTION B (5 P): Choose the underlined word or phrase that is incorrect. Then mark the letter
of the answer you have chosen on your answer sheet.

21. The only recommending daily dosage and frequency of dosage will be listed here
A B C D
22. Magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch and
A B C
chlorpheniramine maleate are inactive ingredients.
D
23. Special groups of people, such as children, pregnant women, and nursed mothers, may also
A B C
have information specifically adapted for them.
D
24. Prescription means written instructions from a pharmacist concerning the form and dosage of
a drug A B C
D
25. An inactive ingredient is the chemical compound in the medicine that works with your body
A B C D
to bring relief to your symptoms.

SECTION C (5P): Choose the word that means the same as the underlined words.

26. When applied in ointment form, capsaicin helps alleviate the discomfort of arthritis and
psoriasis.
A. exacerbate B. relieve C. exaggerate D. intensify
27. These medications can either be taken by mouth or injected under the skin.
A. rectally B. nasally C. orally D. parentally
28. Beta-blockers are not indicated as primary treatment for high blood pressure unless there is a
specific indication of heart failure and myocardial infarction.
A. hypertension B. hypotension C. hyperglycemia D. hypoglycemia
29. The sugar of milk, about 10 per cent., or 1⁄2 grain per pill, no doubt is simply an excipient.
A. ingredient B. chemical C. active ingredient D. inactive ingredient
30. Eye surgery is used to treat a variety of conditions, including cataracts, glaucoma, detached
retinas, retinal tears, diabetic retinopathy, and nearsightedness or farsightedness.
A. Sense B. Ophthalmic C. Visual D. Audial

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II. READING COMPREHENSION (50 P)

SECTION A (10 P): Read the following passage and choose TRUE or FALSE or NOT GIVEN to
each statement. Then mark a cross (X) over the letter of the answer you have chosen on your
answer sheet
OFF-LABEL
"Off-label" means the medication is being used in a manner not specified in the FDA's approved
packaging label or insert. Every prescription drug marketed in the U.S. carries an individual, FDA-
approved label. This label is a written report that provides detailed instructions regarding the approved
uses and doses, which are based on the results of clinical studies that the drug maker submitted to the
FDA.
Unaware of Off-Label Usage
Despite the prominence of off-label drug use, experts say few patients are aware that they are receiving a
drug off-label. And doctors are not required to tell a patient that a drug is being used off-label.
Michelle Murphy was stunned to learn nadolol, the beta-blocker medicine she had been taking every day
for several years to prevent migraines, was not actually approved for that use.
"It’s almost like we are test subjects, being reassured that everything will be fine because it worked to
help people in studies that were taking it, but not exactly for what we are taking it for," Murphy says.
Benefits of Off-Label Drug Use
Off-label prescribing isn't necessarily bad. It can be beneficial, especially when patients have exhausted
all other approved options, as may be the case with rare diseases or cancer.
According to the American Cancer Society, cancer treatment often involves using
certain chemotherapy drugs off-label, because a chemotherapy drug approved for one type
of cancer may actually target many different types of tumors. Off-label use of a drug or combination of
drugs often represents the standard of care.
Beta-blockers are another example of beneficial off-label prescribing. Such medications are FDA-
approved for the treatment of high blood pressure, but are widely recognized by cardiologists as a
standard of care for patients with heart failure. And in fact, some beta blockers are now formally approved
to treat heart failure. It's not uncommon for off-label uses to eventually get approved by the FDA.
Other drugs commonly prescribed off-label include tricyclic antidepressants for chronic pain, and
antipsychotics for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) "Name the drug, and one can come up
with off-label uses," Alexander says.
31. Every prescription drug marketed in the U.S. has an individual, FDA-approved label.
A. True B. False C. Not given
32. Michelle Murphy was shocked to learn nadolol, the beta-blocker medicine she had been taking
every day for several years to prevent migraines, was not actually approved for that use
A. True B. False C. Not given
33.  Drugs are more likely to be used "off-label" – typically, this involves the use of a human
medication in an animal, where there is no corresponding medication licensed for that species
A. True B. False C. Not given
34. Off-label is a written report that provides detailed instructions regarding the approved uses and
doses, which are based on the results of clinical studies that the drug maker submitted to the FDA.
A. True B. False C. Not given
35. It can be disadvantageous, although patients have exhausted all other approved options, as may
be the case with rare diseases or cancer
A. True B. False C. Not given
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36. This off-label prescribing is most commonly done with older, generic medications that have
found new uses but have not had the formal (and often costly) applications and studies
required by the FDA to formally approve the drug for these new indications.
A. True B. False C. Not given
37. Beta-blockers are FDA-approved for the treatment of high blood pressure, but are widely
recognized by cardiologists as a standard of care for patients with heart failure.
A. True B. False C. Not given
38. In reality, they formally approve some beta blockers to treat heart failure now.
A. True B. False C. Not given
39. It's not common for off-label uses to eventually get approved by the FDA
A. True B. False C. Not given
40. Other drugs commonly prescribed off-label exclude tricyclic antidepressants for chronic pain, and
antipsychotics for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
A. True B. False C. Not given

SECTION B (10 P): Read the following passage and complete each of the gaps in the passage
ONE suitable word. Then mark a cross (X) over the letter of the answer you have chosen
on your answer sheet
BETA BLOCKERS AND DIURETICS
Beta blockers cause (41) ________ of sodium and water. Diuretics can cause mild volume reduction
that leads to an increase in renin secretion by the (42) ________. The rationale for combining beta
blockers with diuretics is twofold: beta blockers blunt the increase in the plasma renin level that is
induced by diuretics, and diuretics decrease the sodium and water retention that is caused by (43)
________.
The combination of a beta blocker and a diuretic (44) ________ additive effects compared with
monotherapy using either agent alone. A (45) ________ study assessed the safety and efficacy of
antihypertensive therapy using the cardioselective beta blocker bisoprolol alone and in combination
with low dosages of hydrochlorothiazide. The dosages of bisoprolol were 2.5, 5 and 10 mg per day.
The hydrochlorothiazide dosages were 6.25 and 25 mg per day. The study showed that monotherapy
with either agent was more effective than placebo, but that when combination therapy (46) ________,
the beneficial effects were greater than when either agent was used alone.
In the same study, combination therapy was associated (47) ________ a low incidence of adverse
effects. Side effects for (48) ________ hydrochlorothiazide in a dosage of 6.5 mg per day and
bisoprolol in all dosages included fatigue (9 percent of recipients), dizziness (6 percent), somnolence
(3 percent), impotence (2 percent) and diarrhea (4 percent). When used in (49) ________ with
bisoprolol, hydrochlorothiazide (6.25 mg) did not cause hypokalemia or any adverse effects on the
lipid profile. Side effects increased with the use of higher dosages of bisoprolol or
hydrochlorothiazide. The incidence of hypokalemia and hyperuricemia was greater for 25 mg per day
of hydrochlorothiazide than for 6.25 mg per day. With higher bisoprolol dosages, the frequency and
severity of asthenia, diarrhea, dyspepsia and somnolence increased (50) ________.
41. A. retentive B. retentively C. retention D. retained
42. A. rectum B. liver C. kidney D. spleen
43. A. beta blockers B. diuretics C. thiazide D. hydrochlorothiazide
44. A. produces B. produce C. product D. production
45. A. newly B. lately C. recently D. recent
46. A. have used B. has used C. were used D. was used
47. A. for B. with C. on D. in
48. A. combination B. combines C. combine D. combined
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49. A. combination B. combines C. combine D. combined

50. A. significant B. significantly C. important D. insignificantly

SECTION C (10 P): Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question.
Then mark a cross (X) over the letter of the answer you have chosen on your answer sheet
Medicines are chemicals or compounds used to cure, halt, or prevent disease; ease symptoms; or
help in the diagnosis of illnesses. Advances in medicines have enabled doctors to cure many
diseases and save lives.
These days, medicines come from a variety of sources. Many were developed from substances found
in nature, and even today many are extracted from plants. Some medicines are made in labs by
mixing together a number of chemicals. Others, like penicillin, are byproducts of organisms such as
fungus. And a few are even biologically engineered by inserting genes into bacteria that make them
produce the desired substance.
No medicine can be sold unless it has first been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(FDA). The makers of the medicine do tests on all new medicines and send the results to the FDA.
The FDA allows new medicines to be used only if they work and if they are safe enough. When a
medicine's benefits outweigh its known risks, the FDA usually approves the sale of the drug. The FDA
can withdraw a medicine from the market at any time if it later is found to cause harmful side effects.
Medicines act in a variety of ways. Some can cure an illness by killing or halting the spread of
invading germs, such as bacteria and viruses. Others are used to treat cancer by killing cells as they
divide or preventing them from multiplying. Some drugs replace missing substances or correct low
levels of natural body chemicals such as some hormones or vitamins. Medicines can even affect
parts of the nervous system that control a body process.
Sometimes a part of the body can't make enough of a chemical. That can also make you sick.
Someone with insulin-dependent diabetes, for instance, has a pancreas that can't produce
enough insulin (a hormone that regulates glucose in the body). Some people have a low production of
thyroid hormone, which helps control how the body uses energy. In each case, doctors can prescribe
medicines to replace the missing hormone.
Some medicines treat symptoms but can't cure the illness that causes the symptoms. (A symptom is
anything you feel while you're sick, such as a cough or nausea.) So taking a lozenge may soothe a
sore throat, but it won't kill that nasty strep bacteria.
QUESTIONS
51. How many purposes are drugs used for?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
52. How many ways do drug act, according to the text?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
53. When are drugs approved for being sold?
A. when they are safe C. when they are ineffective
B. when they are effective D. when their risks outweigh their benefits
54. How can drugs be made?
A. They are naturally made from chemicals
B. They are artificially synthesized from substances in labs.
C. A & B are correct. D. A & B are not correct.
55. What is the hormone mentioned in the text?
A. glucose B. thyroid C. pancreas D. A, B, and C are correct.
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56. How can an antibiotic cure a disease?

A. by killing bacteria C. by limiting the growth of bacteria
B. A & B are correct. D. A & B are not correct.
57. How does insulin work?
A. replace glucose C. regulate glucose
B. replace the pancreas C. regulate the pancrease
58. How many conditions are mentioned in the text?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
59. How many symptoms are listed in the text?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
60. Who does the tests of a new drug and sends them to FDA for approval?
A. WHO B. consumers C. pharmacists D. the drug manufacturer

SECTION D (20 P). Read the text and answer the questions below in complete sentences.

Over-the-counter, or OTC, drugs are medications that don’t require a prescription. Manufacturers
print drug labels called Drug Facts directly on OTC drug product packages.
Any product with a substance intended for diagnosis, cure, treatment, prevention or mitigation of a
disease is a drug, according to the Food and Drug Administration — including products like fluoride
toothpaste and antidandruff shampoo. If you are unsure whether a product is an OTC drug, check the
packaging for a Drug Facts label.
Four out of five American adults commonly take OTC drugs, according to a 2018 article by Stefanie
Ferreri, PharmD, BCACP, a clinical professor at the University of North Carolina Eshelman School of
Pharmacy in Chapel Hill. In 2016, the most popular OTC drugs included pain relievers, heartburn
drugs such as Prilosec and Nexium, upper respiratory drugs and toothpaste, Ferreri said in her
article, which was published by Pharmacy Times.
In 1999, the FDA created a regulation to simplify and standardize the Drug Facts label. It required
most OTC drugs to follow the new format and content requirements by May 2002. These labels are
short and simple and typically have six main parts.
Question
61. What is a drug?
62. Where can consumers find out the Drug Facts?
63. How many products controlled by FDA are listed in the text?
64. How do you know exactly that the product you are using is an OTC one?
65. What are the commonly used OTC products, according to the text?
III: TRANSLATION (20 P) Translate the following text into Vietnamese.
Pharmaceutical suspensions are liquid dosage forms containing finely divided insoluble. This dosage
form is used for providing a liquid dosage form for insoluble or poorly soluble drugs. Suspension
dosage forms are given by the oral route, injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously, instilled
intranasally, inhaled into the lungs, applied to the skin as topical preparations, or used for ophthalmic
or otic purposes in the eye or ear, respectively. Some suspensions are available in a ready-to-use
form that is, already distributed through a liquid vehicle with or without stabilizers and other additives.
Other preparations are available as dry powders intended for reconstitution just before use with an
appropriate vehicle. 
-THE END-
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KEY

61. What is a drug?

=> Any product with a substance intended for diagnosis, cure, treatment, prevention or mitigation of a
disease
62. Where can consumers find out the Drug Facts?
=> on OTC drug product packages
63. How many products controlled by FDA are listed in the text?
=> There are 5.
64. How do you know exactly that the product you are using is an OTC one?
=> check the packaging for a Drug Facts label
65. What are the commonly used OTC products, according to the text?
=> pain relievers, heartburn drugs such as Prilosec and Nexium, upper respiratory drugs and
toothpaste