REVIEW

I. GRAMMAR & GENERAL VOCABULARY Choose the best answer among A, B, C and D.
1. _______ relieve nausea and vomiting and also overcome vertigo and motion sickness.
A. Antiemetics B. Antidepressants C. Laxatives D. Antivirals
2. _______ anesthetics are used for minor surgical procedures.
A. General B. Local C. Effective D. Expensive
3. _______ are the drugs that relieve constipation and promote defecation.
A. Cathartics B. Antacids C. Antiulcers D. None is correct
4. _______ effects are effects that medicines have on your body that don't help your symptoms.
A. Side B. Desirable C. Wanted D. Secondary
5. _______ is a potent analgesic used mainly to relieve severe pain.
A. Antibiotic B. Antiviral C. Morphine D. Anesthetic
6. A drug allergy is an allergic reaction to a medication. When a drug enters the body, it triggers an
immune system response
A. set off B. take off C. take back D. hold up
7. A drug's half-life is used to determine the _______ of dosage and the amount of drug administration.
A. size B. value C. benefit D. frequency
8. Analgesics are drugs used for the _______ of headache and toothache.
A. insensibility B. relief C. side-effects D. feeling
9. Antibiotic medicines can cause diarrhea, _______ may be a sign of a new infection. If you have diarrhea
that is watery or has blood in it, call your doctor.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
10. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria also can spread _______ family members, children, and fellow workers.
A. with B. for C. to D. on
11. Antibiotics are also referred to as antibacterials.
A. are also called B. are also known as C. are also termed D. All are correct
12. Antibiotics generally are safe. But it is important to watch _______ side effects.
A. for B. in C. out D. of
13. Anticancer drugs _______ with specific cancer-cell components.
A. infected B. interfere C. interact D. None is correct
14. Antifungal drugs selectively destroy fungal cells by altering cell walls.
A. changing B. thickening C. multiplying D. All are correct
15. Any compound that can modify the biological function of living organisms can be considered a drug.
A. change B. improve C. block D. All are correct
16. As a rule, grapefruit juice should not be taken with medication _______ recommended by a doctor.
A. unless B. if not C. when not D. All are correct
17. Before _______ an antibiotic, know its risk and the precautions that you must take.
A. use B. used C. using D. uses
18. Bronchodilators are used to open the air passages (bronchial tubes) and can be _______ by injection or
aerosol inhalers.
A. administered B. produced C. given D. A&C

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19. Calcium channel blockers, such as, diltiazem, nifedipine, verapamil are used _______ angina.
A. for the prevention of B. for preventing C. to prevent D. All are correct
20. Cardiac glycosides comprise drugs that are obtained from digitalis (digoxin is an instance).
A. consist of B. include C. contain D. All are correct
21. Cardiac glycosides perform as both heart depressants and stimulants.
A. work B. function C. act D. All are correct
22. Cardiovascular drugs act _______ the heart or blood vessels to control the cardiovascular system.
A. on B. at C. as D. to
23. Cardiovascular drugs are used to treat a _______ of conditions from hypertension to heart failure.
A. vary B. varied C. various D. variety
24. Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings but the clinical pharmacy movement
initially began inside hospitals and clinics.
A. look for B. look after C. look at D. look up
25. Clinical pharmacists often collaborate _______ physicians and other healthcare professionals.
A. to B. of C. with D. for
26. Clinical pharmacists routinely provide medication therapy evaluations and recommendations to patients
and other health care professionals.
A. send B. sell C. supply D. apply
27. Clinical pharmacology is another aspect of pharmacology _______ on the study of drugs in humans.
A. that focuses B. which focuses C. focusing D. All are correct
28. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and stomach pain. In women, antibiotics can _______ to
vaginal yeast infections.
A. lead B. cause C. result D. All of these
29. Decisions to treat hypertension are _______ on overall cardiovascular risk.
A. related B. based C. used D. carried
30. Efficacy is generally independent of potency/affinity, and is related to the maximum effect that a particular
drug is _______ of producing.
A. incapable B. capable C. unable D. able
31. Endocrine drugs _______the overproduction or underproduction of the body's natural hormones.
A. relieve B. correct C. increase D. decrease
32. Enzymes in the liver are responsible _______ chemically changing drug.
A. for B. to C. with D. about
33. Erythromycin is often used as a _______ for penicillin against streptococcal and pneumococcal
infections.
A. analogue B. substitute C. treatment D. strain
34. Even _______ the blood has a natural ability to clot, occasionally, this natural clotting mechanism can be
difficult.
A. however B. though C. although D. All are correct
35. Excess drug will _______ in the body and cause side effects.
A. produce B. manufacture C. get D. accumulate
36. For example, blood clots that develop on the interior wall of an artery can end up totally blocking blood
flow.

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 A. instance B. instant C. exam D. All are correct
37. If anemia is caused by a stomach ulcer, then medications such as aspirin or ibuprofen should be
avoided.
A. so that B. for example C. as well as D. like
38. For people with type 1 diabetes, _______ insulin injections are essential to maintain health.
A. every day B. daily C. everyday D. B&C
39. General anesthetics are used for _______ procedures.
A. surgical B. surgically C. surgeon D. surgery
40. Historically, the fundamental role of pharmacists as a healthcare practitioner was to distribute drugs to
doctors for medication that had been prescribed to patients. I
A. principal B. secondary C. additional D. supportive
41. Hypertension is a condition in _______ the pressure of the blood against the walls of the arteries is
higher than normal.
A. which B. where C. that D. All are correct
42. Hypertension is associated _______ causing strokes, ischaemic heart disease, chronic heart failure and
renal damage.
A. to B. by C. with D. at
43. Idiosyncratic reactions are produced in very _______ patients
A. few B. many C. little D. much
44. If improvement does not begin within 2 or 3 days, consider________ antibiotic.
A. to use B. using C. used D. usage
45. If the antibiotic causes side effects that really bother you, _______ your doctor to ask if there is another
antibiotic that will work as well but not cause these effects.
A. calling B. to call C. call D. called
46. If the reason _______ anemia is known, then measures to keep it under control are very important.
A. about B. with C. of D. for
47. If you become dizzy or nauseated, or have pain, numbness, or tingling in your chest, arms, neck, or jaw,
call your doctor right away.
A. immediately B. at once C. without delay D. All are correct
48. In a condition _______ arrhythmia, the heart may not beat rhythmically or easily.
A. which is called B. that is called C. called D. All are correct
49. In fact, according to the World Health Organisation, approximately 25% of modern drugs used in the
United States have been derived from plants.
A. more than B. over C. more or less than D. properly
50. Antibiotics can help treat infections _______ by bacteria but not by viruses.
A. caused B. causing C. to cause D. to be caused
51. Lethal dosage often varies depending on the method of administration; for instance, many substances
are less toxic when administered orally than when intravenously administered.
A. topically B. by mouth C. by skin D. verbally
52. Many antibiotics operate by inhibiting the synthesis of various intracellular bacterial molecules.
A. act B. perform C. function D. All are correct
53. Many of the pharmaceuticals currently available to physicians have a long history of use as herbal

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 remedies, including opium, aspirin, digitalis, and quinine.
A. drugs B. drug stores C. drug companies D. druggists
54. No medicine is ineffective just because it is taken with certain food, _______ it is pork, chili, peeper,
oranges or any other food.
A. if B. that C. with D. whether
55. Normally, synthetic drugs are better controlled than _______ occurring naturally.
A. that B. which C. those D. these
56. Pharmacists, also known as _______, are healthcare professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of
health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use.
A. druggists B. chemists C. physicians D. A&B are correct
57. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and
the concentration in which the drug is administered.
A. level B. degree C. scale D. scope
58. Pharmacology is the branch of science _______ with the study of drugs and how they affect living
organisms.
A. that is concerned B. which is concerned C. concerned D. All are correct
59. Pharmacology not only encompasses the discovery of drugs, _______ the investigation of their chemical
properties.
A. or B. nor C. so D. but
60. Prior to the 1950s, every pharmacy student learned about crude drugs in pharmacognosy class.
A. From B. In advance C. Before D. Following
61. Side effects of the penicillins, _______ relatively rare, can include immediate and delayed allergic
reactions
A. while B. if C. because D. so
62. Sildenafil under the name Viagra is used to treat erectile dysfunction in men.
A. importance B. impotence C. potency D. All are correct
63. Some antibiotics _______ in the past to treat common infections no longer work.
A. that doctors prescribed B. doctors prescribed
C. prescribed by doctors D. All of these
64. Some anti-hyperlipidemics such as cholestyramine combine with bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract,
thus reducing the body's cholesterol production.
A. like B. for example C. for instance D. All are correct
65. Synthetic drugs are better controlled than those _______ naturally.
A. occurring B. occurs C. occurred D. occur
66. Systems pharmacology focuses on agents affecting specific physiological systems, _______ the nervous
system (neuropharmacology) or the cardiovascular system (cardiovascular pharmacology).
A. such B. as C. such as D. so as
67. Take it for as long as prescribed. You might feel better after you take it for a few days. But it is important
to keep _______ the antibiotic as directed.
A. taking B. on taking C. to take D. A&B
68. Tetracycline use is now limited because of the _______ of resistant bacterial strain.
A. increase B. decrease C. decline D. reduce
69. The chest pain known as angina can happen if there is an inadequate supply of blood, and as a result of

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 oxygen, to the heart muscle.
A. infrequent B. Insufficient C. constant D. impossible
70. The loss of water and salt leads to reduction in blood pressure.
A. results from B. results in C. occurs D. All are correct
71. The most common pharmacist positions are _______ of a community pharmacist.
A. which B. that C. one D. All are correct
72. The related penicillin V has a similar range of _______ but is less active.
A. action B. act C. acted D. to act
73. The side effects of macrolides may _______ nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
A. including B. consist C. include D. differ
74. These gram-negative bacteria have _______ resistance to the drugs
A. had B. added C. developed D. referred
75. These antibodies protect the body from future infections by viruses of the same type.
A. protest B. promote C. produce D. guard
76. These bacteria are called _______ bacteria.
A. antibiotic-resistant B. resistant-antibiotic C. antibiotic-resistance D. resistance-antibiotics
77. These drugs act by escalating the quantity of oxygen that reaches the heart muscle.
A. number B. amount C. quality D. pressure
78. These experiments are usually divided into three phases; each of _______ can last from several months
to several years.
A. them B. those C. it D. theirs
79. These medications are used in _______ the hospital and home-care settings.
A. either B. neither C. both D. all
80. These medicines should be taken only after diet and lifestyle changes are unsuccessful in lowering the
blood lipids to desired levels.
A. insufficient B. inadequate C. ineffective D. unpleasant
81. They may be used to regulate irregular heart rhythm or to increase the quantity of blood _______ by the
heart in case of heart failure.
A. pumped B. which is pumped C. that is pumped D. All are correct
82. To protect the consumer and prevent abuse, many governments regulate the manufacture, sale, and
administration of medication.
A. packaging B. production C. development D. testing
83. When a drug reaches its highest concentration in the tissues, the body begins to _______it and its effect
on the body begins to diminish.
A. adjust B. indicate C. eliminate D. administer
84. When possible, buy generic medicines rather than brand name products _______the generic ones are
often much cheaper.
A. when B. although C. if D. as
85. Within the system of health care, clinical pharmacists are experts _______ the therapeutic use of
medications.
A. of B. on C. about D. in
86. You should not use this medication if you are allergic _______ sulfamethoxazole or trimethoprim, if you
are pregnant or breast-feeding, or if you have anemia.

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 A. to B. with C. for D. of
87. Drug can be made as chemical substances that are _______ in the laboratory.
A. metabolized B. recognized C. synthesized D. identified
88. The brand name is the private _______ of the individual drug manufacturer and no competitor may use it.
A. property B. letter C. company D. knowledge
89. The effect of a drug on the body depends on a number of _______ that the drug undergoes as it moves
through the body.
A. practices B. processes C. works D. actions
90. Molecular pharmacology concerns the study of the _______ of drugs and cells or subcellular entities.
A. interaction B. interrelated C. internship D. action
91. Libraries and hospitals have two large _______ listing of drugs
A. training B. machinery C. reference D. dictionary
92. When possible, buy generic medicines rather than brand-name products, _______ the generic ones are
often much cheaper.
A. when B. although C. if D. as
93. The mathematical description of drug deposition in the body _______ time is called pharmacokinetics.
A. over B. for C. at D. on
94. Pharmacodynamics _______ the study of drug effect in the body.
A. changes B. prescribes C. metabolizes D. involves
95. Drugs, substances that affect the function of living cells, are used in medicine to _______, cure, prevent
the occurrence of diseases and disorders.
A. diagnose B. diagnosis C. diagnostic D. suppose
96. Nowadays, drugs for patients who need insulin are _______ in the pharmaceutical market.
A. appear B. available C. availability D. A&B
97. A drug can be _______ by several pharmaceutical companies.
A. product B. production C. productive D. produced
98. The most common way to categorize a drug is by its _______ on a particular area of the body or a
particular condition.
A. affect B. effect C. effective D. infection
99. Drugs are used in the prevention or treatment of disease or to _______ bodily function.
A. alter B. change C. stop D. A&B
100. Antibiotics has largely _______ many diseases.
A. bought B. controlled C. given D. sold
101. Cocaine can be _______ by a doctor for necessary medical uses.
A. administrative B. administration C. administered D. administer
102. FDA has the legal _______ for deciding whether a drug may be distributed and sold.
A. addiction B. responsibility C. valuable D. addition
103. The treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances is called _______
A. urotherapy B. hydrotherapy C. chemotherapy D. physiotherapy
104. Antidotes are substances given to _______ unwanted effects of drugs.
A. neutralize B. diagnose C. create D. respond to

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