and size variation of the hole and shaft is shown in 6.4.

8 Example ( Clearanoefit)
fits, when the system Fig. .17b for the aame dlameter and
changes to shaft basis. Determine the limit dimenelons for a olearance fit between mating

Clearance Tran sition Intarterence providing a minimum clearance of 0.10 mm with the tolerance
0.025 mm and on the shaft 0.05 mm.

Following are the steps Involved to compute the limits, dependir

1. Hole basls system

In the hole basis system, the lower limit of the hole is equal to ts bas
Lower limit of the hole = 40.00 mm

Obtain the maximum limit of the shaft, by subtracting the mni

the lower limit of the hole.
0 Ac17h6 h6 Upperlimitof the shaft = 40.00-0.10 =39.90 mm
R1 NT To obtain the lower limit of the shaft, subtract the tolerance
upper limit of the shaft.

Clea rante Lowerlimit of the shaft 39.90 0.05 39.85 mm

Transition
e T eInterterence
rence

A Thus, the limits of the shaft are 39.90 and 39.85 mm

Hole basis Shaft basis To obtain the upper limit of the hole, add the tolerance on the he
Fig.5.17 Selected fits for 25 mm diameter
Upper limit of the hole = 30.00+0.c25 = 30.025 mm

Table 5.7 Equivalent fits the hole basis and Check

on
shaft basis systems
The tolerance on the hole and the shaft together should be equal to t
Clearance Transition Interference the maximum and minimum clearances.
Hole basis Shaft besis Hole basis Shaft besis Hole basis t basis Aggregate tolerance = 0.025 +0.050= 0.075 mm
H7-c8 C&-17 H6-15 J8-h5 H6-n5 N6-h5
H8-C9 CB-h8 H7-Y6 J7-h6
Max. clearanca = upperlimit of hole- Iower limit of the shaft 40.02
H11-c11 C11-11 H&-17 J8-h7 H&-p5 P6-h5 Minimum clearance = min. size of the hole-max. size of the shat 4
H7-p6 P7-h6
H7-d8 D8h7 H6-k5 K6-h5 Max. clearance min. clearance =0.175 0.100 0.075 mm (
H&-d9 De-h8 H7-k6 K7-h6 H6-15 R6h5 tolerance)
H11-411 D11-111 H&-K7 K8-h7 H7-r6 R7-h6
H6-e7 E7-h6 H6-mb M6-h5 H6-85 S6-h5 2. Shaft basis system
H7-08 E&-h7 H7-m6 M7-h6 H7-8 87-h6
H8-e8 EB-h8 H&-m7 MB-h7 HB-87 In the shaft basis system, the upper Imit of the shaft is equal to the b
S8-h7
H6-18 F6-h6 H7-n6 N7-h6 H6-15 T6h5
H7-47 F7-h7 He-n7 Upper limit of the shaft = 40.00 mm
N8-h7 H7-16 T7-h6
H8-18 F&-h8 H8-17 TB-N7 The lower limit of the hole may be obtained by adding the mint
HB-p7 P&-h7
basic size of the shaft.
H6-g5 G6-h5 h6-u5 UG-h5
H7-g8 G7-h6 HB-7 RB-h7 H7-u6 U7-h6 Lower limit ofthe hole = 40.00+0.10 40.10 mm
H&-g7 G8-h7 H8-u7 U8-h7
 Table 5.9 (1 of 3) Deutlations for common grades
of.fits Table 5.9 (2 of 3) Deulations for cammon grades
Values In mkorons
of
Toleranoes of holes **
Tolerancas of shafts Tolerances of holes
Nominal A7 H8 H9 H10 H11 d9 8
SIz8S h8 Nominal D10 E9 F8 0757K
slzes
From 1 +10 +14 +25 40 +60 20 14
upto 3 0 0 From 1 +60 +39 20 +12 +5
45 28 18
upto 3 +20 +14 +8 42 5 10
Over 3 +18 +75 20 10 0
upto 6 Over 3 +78 +50 +28 +18
0 38 22 12 upto 8 +30 +20 +10
Over 6 +15 22 +36 +58 +90 40
25 13 5
upto 10 0 75 47 28 ]4
Over 6 +98 +81 +35 +20 +7.5 +5 4.8
upto10 +40 25 +13 .5 10 4
Ovar 10 +27 +70 +110 18
upto 18 Over 10 +120 +75 +43 +24 +8.3
0 83 59 34 11 upto 8 +50 +32 +16 12 5.5
Over 18 +21 +33 +52 +84 +130 65 40 20 7
upto 30 117 -73 41
Over 18 +149 +92 +53 +28 +10.5
20 13 upto30 +65 +40 +20 47 10.5 15 .6
Over 30 25 +100 +160 80 50 9 Over30 +180
upto 50 0 +112 +64 +34 +12.5
142 89 -25 16 upto& +80 +50 25 12.5 18 8

Over 50 46 +74 +120 +190 100 60

upto&80 Over 50 +220 +134 +76 +40 +15 +9 +9.6
0 0 0 174 105 60 19 upto80 +100 +60 +30 +10 15 -21 9.5
Over80 +35 54 +87 +140 +220 120 72 36 12
upto 120 Over 80 +260 159 +90 +47 +17.5
0 0 0 207 126 71 34 22
upto120 +120 +72 +36 +12 175 1

Over i20 +40 +63 +100 +160 +250 145 85 43 14

upto180
Over 120 +305 +185 +106 +54 +20 +12 12.5
0 0 245 148 83 39 25 upto180 +145 +85 +43 +14 -20 -28 12.4

Over180 +45 +115 +185 +290 170 100 -50 15 Over 180 +355 +215 +122 +61 +23 +13 14.5
upto250 285 172 96 44 29 upto250 +170 +100 +50 +15 33 4.5

Over 250 +52 +81 +130 +210 +320 190 110 58 17 0

upto315 0 320
Over 250 +400 +240 +135 +69 +1ö +16
191 108 49 32 upto 315 +190 +110 +55 +17 16
ass
Over315 +57 +89 +140 +230 +360 -210 125 62 18 0 Over 315 +440 +265 +151 +75 +28.5 +17 +18
upto 400 350 214 119 54 35 upto400 +210 +125 +69 +18 28.5 40 18
en

Over 400 +97 +155 +250 +400 230 135 68 20 Over 400 +480 +290 +165 +83 +31.5 +18 +20
upto500 0 0 0 385 232 131 60 40 upto500 +230 +135 +68 20 31.5 45 20

NOTE Upto means indluding NOTE Upto meane inctuding

Over means exdcudng Over means exdcuding
 Deutotions for common grades of.fits Table 5.9 (2 of 3) Devlatlons for common grades offts
Values n mlorons Values in microns
ols Tolemnces of shafts Tolerances of holes Tolerances of shafts

Nominal D10 E9 F8 JS7 K7 K

slzes

20 14 From1 +60 +38 +20 +12 +12

S 28 16 8 upto 3 +20 +14 +6 +2 10

+75 10 Over 3 +78 +50 +28 +16 420

-22 12 upto 8 +30 +20 +10 +4 +12

25 13 -5 Over +98 +61 +35 +20 +7.5 +5 +4.5 +10 +19 24

47 -28 14 upto 10 +40 +25 +13 +5 7.5 10 4.5 +10 +15

+110 -16 -6 Over 10 +120 +75 +43 +24 +6 +5.5 +12 +29
-34 17 11 upto 18 +50 +32 +18 12 5.5 +1 +18

+130 65 40 -20 Over 18 +149 +92 +53 +28 +10.5 +6 +6.5 +15 +28
0 117 73 41 13 upto 30 +65 +40 420 +7 10.5 15 6.5 +2 +15 22

+100 +160 -80 50 25 Over 30 +180 +112 +64 +12.5 +7 +18 +33 A2
142 89 -50 25 16 upto 60 +80 +50 +25 12.5 18 8 +2 +17 +26

74 +120 +190 100 -60 10 0 Over 50 +220 +134 +76 +40 +15 +9.5 +21 +39 +51
174 105 29 19 upto 80 +100 +60 +30 +10, 15 21 9.5 2 20 +32

+140 +220 120 -72 12 Over&30 +260 +158 +90 47 +17.5 +10 +11 +59
0 207 126 7 -34 22 upto120 +120 +72 +36 +12 17.5 25 11 +3 +37

100 160 +250 -145 85 43 14 Over120+305 +185 +106 +54 +12.5 +52 +68
0 0 245 148 83 39 25 upto180 +145 +85 +43 +14 20 28 12.5 +27 +43

118 +185 +290 170 100 -50 15 Over 180 +355 +216 +122 +61 +23 +13 +14.5 +33 60 +79
0 0 -285 172 96 44 -20 upto 250 +170 +100 +50 +15 -23 33 14.5 +31 +50

#130 +210 +320 190 110 56 17 Over 250 +400 +240 +135 +69 +26 +16 +16 +36 +66
320 191 108 49 32 upto 316 +190 +110 +55 +17 -26 36 16 +4 34

4140 +230 +360 -210 125 -62 18 Over316 +440 +266 +151 +75 +28.5 +17 +18
350 214 119 54 35 upto 400 +210 +125 +69 +18 28.5 40 18

Over 400+480 +290 +165 +83 +31.5 18 JAOUS

inoremanetn *
135
168 +260 +400 230
-385 232
68
131
20
60 40 upto500 +230 +135 +68 I +20 31.5

NOTE Upto means Including

Over meang exicuding
 Aviotons for common gades of.fta Table 5.9 (2 of 3) Deulatlons for common grades offits
Vauwe in mbone Values in microns
hoes Toleranoes of shats Tolerances of holes Tolerancas of shafts
N11 8 h8 Nominal D10 E9 F8 0787 K7 k6 n6
slze8

14 From 1 +60 +39 +10 12

28 16 upto 3 +20 +14
20
+8 10 4

0
10 Over3 +78 +50 +28 +16 +16
0 38 22 12 upto 6 +30 +20 +10 4 41 +8 +12

58 +90 25 Over 6 +98 +81 +35 +7.5 +45 +10 +19 +24
47 14 upto 0 +40 +25 +13 -7.5 10 4,5 +1 +10 +15

+10 Over 10 +120 +43 +24 +5.5 +12 +23 29

59
16
-34 17 11 upto 8 +50
+75
+32 +18 +8 5.5 +1 +12 +18

+130 -65 40 20 Over18 +149 +92 +53 +28 +10.6 +6 +8.5 +15 +28
117 -73 41 20 13 upto 30 +65 +40 20 +7 10.5 15 -6.5 +2 +15

+100 160 Over 30 +180 +112 +64 +34 +12.5 +7 +18 +33 42
25 16 upto 50 +80 +50 +25 +8 12.5 18 +2 +17 +26

+120 +190 100 60 30 10 Over50 +220 +134 +76 +40 +9.5 +21 +39 +51
174 105 -60 29 19 upto 8 +100 +60 +30 +10 9.5 +2 +20 +32

140 +220 120 72 Over80 +260 +159 +90 +47 +17.5 +10 +11 45 59
0 -207 126 -71 4 upto 120 +120 +72 +36 +12 17.5 -25 11 +23

10 160 +250 145 43 14 Over 120 +185

245
E5
148 83
+305 +108 +54
420 +12 +12.5
38 25 upto 180 +145 +85 +43 +14 -20 28 12.5 43

116 +185 +290 170 100 50 15 Over 180 +355 +215 +122 +61 +14.5 +60 +79
285 172 96 44 29 upto250 +170 +100 +50 +15 23 33 14.5 +4 +31 +50

+210 +320 190 110 56 17 0 Over250 +400 +240 +135 +69 +26 +16 +16 +66 +88
0 -320 191 108 49 32 upto 315 +190 +110 +55 +17 26 36 16 +34

40 +230 +360 210 125 62 18 0 Over315 +440 +265 +151 +28.5 +17 +18 +40 +73
350 214 119 54 35 upto 400 +210 +125 +69 | 28.5 40 18 +37

166 +250 +400 230 135 68 20 Over400 +480 +290 +165 +83 +31.5 +18 +20 +45 +80 +108
385 232 131 -60 40 upto 500 +230 +135 +68 +20 31.5 45 -20 68

NOTE Upto means Including

Over means exdcuding
 Table 5.9 (3 of 3) Devlatlons for common grades df fita 6.4.7 Fits for sorewed fasteners
Valuos in mlcrons on both #
The nature of the fit for ecrewed fasteners ie dependent
Tolerances of holes Tolerancas of shafte tolerances and the positions of the tolerance zones for the two memb
Nominal C11 P7 R7 S7 s8 tolerance zone is defined by the distance between the basic sze an
N fundamental deviat
sizes is known the
the tolerance zone. This distance as

From 1 +120 10 +16 +20 +24 +28 In the 1SO metric screw thread system, fundamenta
dion
upto 3 14 16 20 24 +10 +14 +10 418 and smal letters for external threa
letters, capitals for intemal threads
Over 3 +145 11 15 +23 +27 +31 +35 are designated by tolerance grades. A combination
tolerance zones
uplo 6 +70 16 20 -23 -27 +15 +19 +23 +23 tolerance class designation, eq: "
and fundamental deviation forms a
Over 6 +170 13 +37 +43
upto 1 +80 19 24 28
28
+19 +28 +28 For external threads Bg, 6g and 4h, and

used.
Over 10 +205 11 +34 +39 +44 +51 For internal threade 7H, 6H and 5H are
upto 18 +95 29 +23 +28 +33 +33
For close clase of fit 5H4h
Over118 +240 14 20 -27 +41 +48 +54 +61 +62
uplo 30 +110 35 41 48 +28 +35 +41 +41 +41 Medium class of fit 6H6g
+50 +59 +76 +85 Free class of fit 7HIBg
Over 30 +280 17 34 +64
+120 +48 +60 +60
upto 40
general engineering pur
Over 40 +290 S3 42 50 -59 +34 +43 +70 +88 Medium class of fit is mostly used for
+54 +70 +/0 clearance assists in free assembly.
+130
upto 50
+60 +72 +85 +106 +117
Over 50 +330 9 21 30 42
60 72 +41 +53 +68 +87 +87 5.4.8 Examples
upto 65 140
+121 +132 clearance/interlerence, hole
toleranc
494
Over 6 +340 2 48
1. Calculete the values of
with a basice size of 45
+75 +102 +102 mm:
+150 2 78
upto 80 for the following assemblies,
58 +93 +113 +146 +159
Over830 +390 10 24 and (e) HBu7
upto 100 +170 93 71 +91 +124 +124
(a) H7/g6, (b) H7/m6,
66 +76 +101 +126 +166 +175
400 45 -59 41
Over 100 101 +54 +79 +104 +144 +14 (a) H7/g6
upto120 +180 -76

12 28 48 77 +B8 +117 +147 +195 +230

From Table 5.9, the
tolerance values of H7 and g6 for the size range
Over 120 +450 +122 +170 *170
8 117 +63 +92
upto 140 +200 + 0.025
+250
Over 140 +480 52 68 50 85 +983 +133 +171 +235
+190 +190 Hole 50 H7-50+0.000
133 +65 +100 +134
upto 180 +210
+330 +330 0.009
-105 +113 +16 +226
+570 14 33 80
Over 180 +166 +23 0.025
+240 60 79 113 169 Shaft 50 g6-50
upto 250
+130 +202 +272 +382 +402
50.000
Over250 +650 14 36 74
130
138
202 +94 8 +218 +350 +315 Minimum hole size
upto 315 FS00
56 88 49.991
Maximum shaft size
=
+471 +492
87 169 +150 +244 +330

+760 16 41 +268 +390 +390

Over 315 +360 73 98 150 224 +108 +190 Difference = 0.009 mm
upto 400 +603
+172 +292 +400 +580 clearance of 0.009
Hence, the fit is a clearance with a minimum
45 103 208
Over 400 +880 17 +330 +490 +490
108 172 292 +126 +232
upto 500 +440 0.050 mm.
clearance of 50.025-49.975

NOTE Upto means Including

Over means exicuding
 e hole, add the tolerance on the hole to the wlth symbols and applications
Table 5.8 Types of fits

100+0.025 40.125 mm
Symbol of fit Examples of application
Type of fit
nole are 40.125 and 40.100 mm. To obtain the lower limit of Interference fit
c e on the shat from the basic size.
H8/u8 Wheel sets, tyres, bronze crowns on
t40.00 0.05 39.95 mm Shrink fit wormmwheel hubs, couplings under
H7/86 certaln conditons, etc.
Heavy drive fit
shaft are 40.00 and 39.95 mm
Coupling on shaft ends, bearing bushes
in
Press fit H7/r6 wheels.
hubs, valve seats, gear

rimt of hole lower limit of the shaft = 40.125 39.950 =

Medium press fit H7/p6

Transiton fit_
ver kimit of the hole upper limit the sheaft = 40.10-40.00 0.10 mm
Gears and womwheels, bearing bushes,
Light press fit H7/n6 feather key.
dlearance0.175 0.100 = 0.075 (the aggregate tolerance) shaft and wheel assembly with
Parts on machine tools that must be
Force fit H7/m6
hole basis system changed without damage, e.g., gears, belt
Inner ring of
pulleys, couplings, fit boits,
eterred in most of the cases, since standard tools like drils, ball bearings.
MBed for making hole. The method of obtaining and the
a use
H7/k6 Belt pulleys, brake pulleys, gears, and
Pushf it inner rings of ball
couplings as well as
steral hole H from H5 to H11 are given below: bearings on shafts for average loading
conditions.
orng, fine intemal grinding or honing dismanted
Easy push fit H7/j8 Parts which are to be frequently
bkt are secured by kays, e.9 pulleys,
oring, fine intemal grinding or honing or by hand reaming hand-wheels, bushes, bearing shells,
pistons on plston rods, change gear trains.
roaching or careful reaming
Clearance ît
nachine reaming
H7/h6 Sealing rings, bearing covers, milling
mostly for non-circularfits
Precislon sliding fit cutters on milling mandrels, other easily
reaming and is used
removable parts.
fits. t is only used for milled widths and
not used for cylinarical Close running fit H7/g6 Spline shafts, clutches, movable gears
in

soles of drlled parts. change gear trains, etc.

used for coarse drilled or punched holes.
Sleeve bearings with high revolution,
Normal running fit H7/7
not used in fits. It is bearings on machine tool spindles,
etc.
The
is given in Table 5.8. Sleeve bearings with medium revolution,
of fits in the hole basis system 5.9, for Easy running ftit H8/e8 boxes,
ypes of fits are given in
Table grease lubicated bearings of wheel
of c o m m o n grades blocks.
aviation gears sliding on shafts, sliding
n 1 mm to 500
mm. Sleeve bearings with low revolution, plastic
semi-finished shafting
as Loose running fit H8/de
using material bearings.
is preferred, (i) by industries cold finished
size are used as
H8/c11 Oil seals (Simmerrings) with metal housing
spindles of s a m e Slack running fit
ustries, where different fits but one nominal size are required and contact surface on
(fit in housing
shaft), spline shafts.
alparts having