Exercise 1: Pneumatic and Hydraulic Symbols and Circuits

1. Fill in the following table:

Symbol Title Function Symbol Title Function

2. A simple circuit is shown in the following figure. During no-load extension,
the pressure measurements were

The cylinder bore is 1.5 in., and the rod diameter is 0.625 in. Find the friction
force (lbf) for this cylinder. The friction force is defined as the force required
overcoming the friction due to the piston seals sliding along the inside of the
cylinder and the rod seals sliding on the rod.

3. Choose the correct answer:

a. Pressure in a hydraulic system is generated by ___________ to
flow. acceptance
immunity
resistance
compliance

b. Force = __________ x ____________

flow x distance
work x time
pressure x flow
pressure x area

c. Most of the energy not used to move the load in a hydraulic system turns
into____________.
heat
light
potential
reserve
d. The basic idea behind any hydraulic system is very simple: Force that is
applied at one point is transmitted to another point using ______.
 a compressible fluid
an incompressible fluid
a cold compress

e. It's important for a hydraulic system to contain

what? Air bubbles
no air bubbles
compressible fluid
f. Which one of the following is an example of a hydraulically-
operated machine?
a wheelbarrow
a laptop computer
a bulldozer
g. It’s very easy to add what to a hydraulic system?
Force multiplication (or division)
force addition (or subtraction)
force square roots (or integers)
4. Analyze and explain the function of the following hydraulic circuit:

SOL1 SOL2

Figure 1
5. Correct the draughting errors in the following hydraulic circuit and explain
the function of the system.

b
a

Figure 2

6. Study the following hydraulic circuit, and then add the suitable electric connections
to unload the pump when the accumulator is charged at pressure 60 bar. Make sure
that your circuit fail safe.

60.00 Bar

Figure 3
7. Analyze and explain the function of the following hydraulic circuit :

70.0 Bar
To system

250.00 Bar

A B

Figure 4

8. Correct the draughting errors in the following hydraulic circuit and explain
the function of the system.

Figure 5