PROJECT MANAGEMENT

(THE TOOLS OF QUALITY)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

BIL CONTENTS PAGE

1. Objective 3

2. Introduction 4

3. Quality Improvement In Business Or Organization 5

4. Plan – Do – Check – Act 6-7

5. Pareto And Flow Chart 8

6. Tool Of Quality Diagram 9 - 10

7. Conclusions 11

8. Reference 12

Objective

1. To learn more specific about tool of quality.

 2. To know the function of each tools.

3. To understand more about PDCA.

Introduction

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in 1950, the Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) invited
legendary quality guru W. Edwards Deming to go to Japan and train hundreds
of Japanese engineers, managers and scholars in statistical process control.
Deming also delivered a series of lectures to Japanese business managers
on the subject, and during his lectures, he would emphasise the importance of
what he called the “basic tool” that were available to use in quality control.

One of the members of the JUSE was Kaoru Ishikawa, at the time an
associate professor at the University of Tokyo. Ishikawa had a desire to
‘democratise quality’: that is to say, he wanted to make quality control
comprehensible to all workers, and inspired by Deming’s lectures, he
formalised the Seven Basic Tools of Quality Control.

The seven basic tools of quality is a designation given to a fixed set of

graphical techniques identified as being most helpful in troubleshooting issues
related to quality. They are called basic because they are suitable for people
with little formal training in statistics and because they can be used to solve
the vast majority of quality-related issues.

Quality Improvement In Term Business Or Organization

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Quality improvement refers to the combined and unceasing efforts of
everybody in a company to make everything about it, especially its production
process, better. It is a systematic approach to the elimination or reduction of
rework, waste, and losses in the production process.

Put simply, quality improvement (QI) refers to methods to improve the

production process. It requires getting rid of or changing parts of the process
that do not function optimally.

In manufacturing, for example, the term nearly always refers to the production
process. However, management can target any part of a company or
organization for QI.

Many organizations use quality tools to help monitor and manage their quality
initiatives. There are several types of tools that can be used. However, there
are seven management tools for quality control that are the most common.
Different tools are used for different problem-solving opportunities, and many
of the tools can be used in different ways. The trick is to become familiar and
comfortable with all of these quality tools so you can pull the appropriate one
out of your toolbox when there is a problem that needs to be solved.

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Plan – Do – Check – Act (PDCA)

The Plan-do-check-act cycle is a four-step model for carrying out change. Just
as a circle has no end, the PDCA cycle should be repeated again and again
for continuous improvement. The PDCA cycle is considered a project planning
tool.

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The Plan-do-check-act Procedure

Plan: Recognize an opportunity and plan a change.

Do: Test the change. Carry out a small-scale study.

Check: Review the test, analyze the results, and identify what have learned.

Act: Take action based on what you learned in the study step. If the change
did not work, go through the cycle again with a different plan. If the work were
successful, incorporate what you learned from the test into wider changes.
Use what have learned to plan new improvements, beginning the cycle again.

Example of PDCA

The PDCA cycle can be used in many different situations. For example, when
planning to change the supplier of a product or service, or when trying to
implement a new safety program within a facility. A common example often
used to illustrate the PDCA cycle is when a design team is planning for a new
product development.

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Pareto Chart

A Pareto chart is a bar graph. The lengths of the bars represent frequency or
cost (time or money), and are arranged with longest bars on the left and the
shortest to the right. In this way the chart visually depicts which situations are
more significant. This cause analysis tool is considered one of the seven
basic quality tools.

Flow Chart

A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process. A

flowchart can also be defined as a diagrammatic representation of
an algorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a task.

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Tool Of Quality Diagram

Cause-and-effect diagram
(also known as a fishbone or Ishikawa diagram)

Introduced by Kaoru Ishikawa, the fishbone diagram helps users identify the

various factors (or causes) leading to an effect, usually depicted as a problem
to be solved. Named for its resemblance to a fishbone, this quality
management tool works by defining a quality-related problem on the right-
hand side of the diagram, with individual root causes and sub causes
branching off to its left.  

Histogram

The histogram can help you represent frequency distribution of data clearly
and concisely amongst different groups of a sample, allowing you to quickly
and easily identify areas of improvement within your processes. With a
structure similar to a bar graph, each bar within a histogram represents a
group, while the height of the bar represents the frequency of data within that
group.

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Check sheet (or tally sheet)

Check sheets can be used to collect quantitative or qualitative data. When

used to collect quantitative data, they can be called a tally sheet. A check
sheet collects data in the form of check or tally marks that indicate how many
times a particular value has occurred, allowing you to quickly zero in on
defects or errors within your process or product, defect patterns, and even
causes of specific defects.

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Conclusion

At the end of this assignment, we know more detail about tools of quality.
Furthermore, we get know the function and how to use each tools and
understand more about Plan – Do – Check – Act.

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Reference

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20121019014101/http://www.improvement
andinnovation.com/features/article/seven-basic-tools-quality/

2. https://thethrivingsmallbusiness.com/seven-management-tools-for-
quality-control/

3. Ishikawa, Kaoru. Guide to Quality Control. Kraus International Publications, White

Plains, New York, 1982.

4. Tague, Nancy R. The Quality Toolbox, Second Edition, ASQ Quality Press, 2004.

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