SnT

3 - Ye a r P r o g r a m
For Class VIII Students

MATHEMATICS
Linear Equations and Polynomials
F SnT X B0BA - BB Tutorial - 1

1. Solve the following system of equations.

3x 5y x y 13
(a) − = −2 and + =
2 3 3 2 6
(b) 3x + 4y = 24 and 20x – 11y = 47
Ans
3 5 3 −5
(a) x − y + 2 = 0 ⇒ a1 = , b1 = , c1 = 2
2 3 2 3
x y 13 1 1 −13
+ − = 0 ⇒ a 2 = , b 2 = , c2 =
3 2 6 3 2 6
x y 1
= =
b1c2 − b2c1 c1a 2 − c 2a1 a1b 2 − a 2 b1
x y 1
= =
 5   −13   1   1   −13  3   3  1   1   −5 
−    −   (2) (2)   −       −    
 3  6   2   3   6  2   2  2   3   3 
x y 1
= =
65 2 39 3 5
−1 + +
18 3 12 4 9
x y 1
= =
65 − 18 8 + 39 27 + 20
18 12 36
x y 1 1
= = =
47 47 27 + 20 47
18 12 36 36
x y 1
= =
     
47 47 47
     
 18   12   36 
47 47
x = 18 y = 12
47 47
36 36
47 36 47 36
= × y= ×
18 47 12 47
x=2 y=3

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FX BA-BB Mathematics Tutorial

(b) 3x + 4y = 24 and 20x – 11y = 47

3x + 4y − 24 = 0 ⇒ a1 = 3, b1 = 4, c1 = − 24
20x − 11y − 47 = 0 ⇒ a2 = 20, b2 = − 11, c2 = − 47
x y 1
= =
b1c2 − b2c1 c1a 2 − c 2a1 a1b 2 − a 2 b1
x y 1
= =
(4) ( −47) − ( −11)( −24) ( −24)(20) − ( −47)(3) (3)( −11) − (20)(4)
x y 1
= =
−188 − 264 −480 + 141 −33 − 80
x y 1
= =
−452 −339 −113
−452 −339
x= y=
−113 −113
x=4 y=3
2. Verify the condition of solvability of the following system of equation
(a) 2x – y = 3 ; 4x – y = 5
(b) 6x + 3y = 18 ; 2x + y = 6
(c) x – 2y = 8 ; 5x – 10y = 10
Ans
(a) 2x – y = 3 ; 4x – y = 5
2x − y − 3 = 0 ⇒ a1 = 2, b1 = −1, c1 = −3
4x − y − 5 = 0 ⇒ a2 = 4, b2 = −1, c2 = − 5
a1 2 1 b1 −1 1
= = = =
a2 4 2 b 2 −1 1
a1 b1
≠
a 2 b2
∴ Equations have exactly one solution.
(b) 6x + 3y = 18 ; 2x + y = 6
6x + 3y − 18 = 0 ⇒ a1 = 6, b1 = 3, c1 = − 18
2x + y − 6 = 0 ⇒ a2 = 2, b2 = 1, c2 = − 6
a1 6 3 b1 3 c1 −18 3
= = , = , = =
a 2 2 1 b2 1 c 2 −6 1
a b c
∴ 1 = 1 = 1
a 2 b 2 c2
∴ Equations have infinitely many solutions.
(c) x – 2y = 8 ; 5x – 10y = 10
x − 2y − 8 = 0 ⇒ a1 = 1, b1 = − 2, c1 = − 8
5x − 10y − 10 = 0 ⇒ a2 = 5, b2 = − 10, c2 = − 10
a 1 1 b1 −2 1 c1 −8 4
= , = = , = =
a 2 5 b2 −10 5 c 2 −10 5
a b c
∴ 1 = 1≠ 1
a 2 b 2 c2
∴ Equations have no solution.

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3. Draw the graph of the equations x – y + 2 = 0 and 4x – y – 4 = 0. Calculate the area of the triangle
formed by the lines so drawn, and the x – axis.
Ans
x−y+2=0 4x − y − 4 = 0
y=x+2 y = 4x − 4
x 0 −1 1 x 0 1 2
y 2 1 3 y −4 0 4
y
y-axis

5
A
4 (2, 4)

3 (1, 3)

2 (0, 2)
(−1, 1)
1
x′ C B (1, 0) x
−2 −1 0 3 4
−4 −3 1 2 x-axis
−1
−2

−3
−4 (0, −4)

−5

y′

In the ∆ABC
Base = 3 units, Height = 4 units
1
∴ Area of ∆ABC = × base × height
2
1
= × 3× 4
2
Area of ∆ABC = 6 square units.
4. A boat goes 12 km upstream and 40 km downstream in 8 hours. It can go 16 km upstream and 32 km
downstream in the same time. Find the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the stream.
Ans
Let, speed of boat = x km / hr
speed of stream = y km / hr
∴ speed of boat upstream = x − y
speed of boat downstream = x + y
12 40
8= + … (1)
x−y x+y
16 32
8= + … (2)
x−y x+y
Since, the time taken in both the cases is same we equate the equations (1) and (2)

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FX BA-BB Mathematics Tutorial

12 40 16 32
∴ + = +
x−y x+y x−y x+y
16 12 40 32
− = −
x−y x−y x+y x+y
4 8
=
x−y x+y
x + y = 2x − 2y
2x − x = 2y + y
x = 3y … (3)
12 40
(1) ⇒ 8 = +
3y − y 3y + y
12 40
8= +
2y 4y
6 10
8= +
y y
8y = 16
y = 2 km/hr
(3) ⇒ x = 3y
x = 3(2)
x = 6 km/hr
∴ Speed of the boat = x = 6km/hr
Speed of the stream = y = 2km/hr
5. HCF of 360, 240 and another third number is 24 and their LCM is 25 × 33 × 5 find the third number.
Ans
Factors of 360 = 23 × 32 × 5
Factors of 240 = 24 × 3 × 5
Factors of 24 = 23 × 3
LCM is = 25 × 33 × 5
Let the third numbers be ‘x’
Therefore, from HCF and LCM, we can write the factors of ‘x’ as
x = 25 × 33 ⇒ x = 864
∴ The third number is 864.
6. Prove that the product of two consecutive even numbers is always divisible by 8.
Ans
Let the first even number be 2n
Then the second even number will be (2n + 2)
∴ Product of 2 consecutive even numbers = (2n) (2n + 2)
= 4n2 + 4n
= 4n (n + 1)
If ‘n’ is even
⇒ 4n (n + 1)
⇒ 4 (2k) (2k + 1)
⇒ 8k (2k + 1), which is divisible by 8

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If n is odd
⇒ 4n (n + 1)
⇒ 4 (2k + 1) (2k + 1 + 1)
⇒ 4 (2k + 1) (2k + 2)
⇒ 4 (2k + 1) (2) (k + 1)
⇒ 8 (2k + 1) (k + 1), which is divisible by 8
7. If ax3 + bx + c has a factor of the form x2 + px + 1, show that a2 – c2 = ab.
Ans
Given, ax3 + bx + c has a factor x2 + px + 1
ax − ap
2
x + px + 1 ax3 + bx + c
ax3 + apx2 + ax
(−) (−) (−)
2
−apx + (b − a)x + c
−apx2 − ap2x − ap
(+) (+) (+)
2
(b − a + ap ) x + ap + c
2
For x + px + 1 to be a factor, the remainder should be equal to ‘0’ (zero)
i.e., b − a = − ap2 and c = − ap ... (2)
2
a − b = ap ... (1)
⇒ c = − ap
Squaring on both sides
⇒ c 2 = a 2p 2 ... (3)
a − b ap2
(1) ÷ (3) ⇒ 2 = 2 2
c a p
c2
⇒a−b=
a
⇒ a − ab = c 2
2

⇒ a 2 − c 2 = ab
α −1 β −1
8. If α and β are the zeros of x2 – 2x – 4 find the polynomial whose zeros are and .
α +1 β +1
Ans
Given α and β are zeros of x2 − 2x − 4
⇒ sum of roots = α + β = 2
⇒ product of roots = α ⋅ β = − 4
α −1 β −1
Also, other two roots are, and
α +1 β +1
α − 1 β − 1 (α − 1) (β + 1) + (β − 1) (α + 1)
⇒ Sum of roots: + =
α +1 β +1 (α + 1) (β + 1)
2αβ − 2 2( −4) − 2
= =
αβ + ( α + β) + 1 −4 + 2 + 1
−8 − 2 −10
= = ⇒ 10
−4 + 3 −1

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FX BA-BB Mathematics Tutorial

 α −1   β −1 
⇒ Product of roots =   
 α +1  β +1
αβ − (α + β) + 1
=
αβ + ( α + β) + 1
−4 − (2) + 1
=
−4 + 2 + 1
−5
= =5
−1
∴ The quadratic polynomial will be,
x2 − (sum of roots) x + (product of roots)
x2 − 10x + 5
Hence, the required polynomial is x2 − 10x + 5.
9. If 3 and − 3 are the zeros of the polynomial x4 + x3 – 23x2 – 3x + 60 find the other two zeros.
Ans
Given 3 and − 3 are the zeros of the polynomial
∴ ( x + 3 ) ( x − 3 ) divides x 4
+ x3 − 23x2 − 3x + 60 completely

x2 + x − 20
x2 − 3 x4 + x3 − 23x2 − 3x + 60
x4 + ox3 − 3x2
(−) (+)

x3 − 20x2 − 3x
x3 + ox2 − 3x
(−) (+)

− 20 x2 + 60
− 20x2 + 60
(+) (−)

0
2 2
x + x − 20 = x + 5x − 4x − 20
= (x + 5) (x − 4)
∴ The other two roots are − 5 and 4
10. Find the zeros of x4 – 5x2 + 6
Ans
x4 – 5x2 + 6
Put x2 = m
m2 – 5m + 6 = m2 – 3m – 2m + 6
= m(m – 3) –2 (m – 3)
= (m – 3) (m – 2)
⇒ 3 and 2 are zeros of the polynomial m2 – 5m + 6
Since m = x2, the zeros of x4 – 5x2 + 6 are + 3, + 2, − 3, − 2 .