Complex problem

Contents of Complex problem

1. Intro to the project

2. Benefits of Naya Pakistan Project

3. Planning Table
4. Assignment Problem
5. Procedure contents
 Location:
 Facilities
 Construction materials
 Cost estimation
 Methodology:
 Solutions
 Map of house
 Electrical installation
 Plumbing
 Sewerage
6. Construction materials and cost estimation
7. Cost for finishing works
8. Methodology
 Designing of the house
 Idea for planning the design
 Our design

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Complex problem

COMPLEX PROBLEM

Introduction to this project:

Pakistan is facing rapid urbanization from the last few decades. To provide low cost housing for
middle and low-class families is the biggest challenge for Government of Pakistan. To combat
these challenges, the Government has announced to build 50 Lakhs houses.

Pakistan is among the most urbanized countries of South Asia. As challenges mount, urban
planning is gradually finding space in the policy discourse. It causes the pace of urbanization and
the major problems associated with it. From which one of the problem caused by the
urbanization is housing.

The State Bank of Pakistan has estimated that across all major cities, urban housing was
approximately 4.4 million units short of demand in 2015. If current trends continue, Pakistan’s
five largest cities will account for 78 percent of the total housing shortage by 2035. Even if
urban population remains stagnant, the growing trend of nuclear families who seek housing
separate from larger families will increase pressure on housing supply.

When provided, housing is often low quality. Pakistan ranks eighth among the ten countries
that collectively hold 60 percent of substandard housing across the world. Karachi, one of
the world’s fastest growing megacities with an estimated 17 million people, ranks second
lowest in South Asia and sixth lowest in the world on the Economist Intelligence Unit’s 2015
livability index.

Benefits of this Naya Pakistan project:

 One of the key features for Naya Pakistan is to improve the housing situation for
Pakistanis. A poor man can also buy his home.
 There is a shortfall of over 10 million houses, and every year we are adding to this
backlog.
 This government intends to promote access to housing to the people of Pakistan and
jumpstart the housing sector. This initiative will also help us on delivering the promise
for 10 million jobs as these house alone which is an additional 3 million houses over the
next five years with each house creating 20 jobs per year means an additional 60 million
job-years which means 12 million jobs a year, in unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled
category plus another 1 to 1.5 million jobs in related industry and service industry.

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 This initiative would mean doubling the capacity at least of all construction related
industry.
 This initiative would also mean another one to three hundred thousand jobs in the service
industry that is banking, security, maintenance, insurance etc.

Planning table for this project:

As this is a five year project the given table shows a proper planning that how much houses
should built in first year then second and then third year. And how much houses should be newly
developed, how much should add to existing how much will high raise, mid raise and self-
constructed etc.

Description Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

One unit 200000 200000 200000 250000 250000

Ground+ 3 100000 150000 200000 200000 200000

Additions to existing 100000 225000 200000 200000 200000

High rise 50000 75000 100000 100000 100000

Midrise 100000 150000 150000 150000 200000

Self-construction 100000 150000 150000 150000 200000

Total 650000 900000 1000000 1,050,000 1,250,000

Subtotal of those
which will be built
150000 400000 500000 500000 500000
under APNA
Housing Authority

This was the planning that is given by the government of Pakistan. As an emerging civil
engineer, it’s our duty to provide a solution which would be sustainable and socioeconomically
viable and culturally acceptable in the designated locality and this was basically our project.

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Assignment problem:
We have to design a house which will comply all applicable statutory regulations related with
house construction. The area of house may range from three to five Marla; one floor to three
floors. State the materials, machinery, labor and methodology to be used in construction of above
said house. We take the inputs from others disciplines involved in the construction mechanical,
sewerage and plumbing; electrical: wirings and conduits. And we have made proper project
initiation, management and planning for this project.

Adjust the relative locations of various parts of house according to specified region of Pakistan
(e.g. Lahore & Peshawar may be different) By laws of LDA, DHA, Fazia Housing and Bahria
Town may be assumed for your house, if not available You are encouraged to prepare drawings
in AutoCAD format You should write final report in proper technical and academic English and
final Power Point presentation is also preferable.

Procedure contents

 Location:
 Facilities
 Construction materials
 Cost estimation
 Methodology:
 Solutions
 Map of house
 Electrical installation
 Plumbing
 Sewerage

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Location
We have chosen Lahore city for our project the reason for this:

Lack of housing as compared to its population:

The population of Lahore has increased up to 11 million. The available records regarding the
increase in the population shows that from 1901 to 1921 the annual average growth rates were
slow. Since then onwards, the rate of population growth remained steady and after the
independence it picked up at a faster rate i.e. 2.38 and 4.32 percent during the periods 1951-1961
and 1961-1972, respectively. This has registered a corresponding increase in the population of
52.65 and 67.36 percent. If current trends continue, Pakistan’s five largest cities will account
for 78 percent of the total housing shortage by 2035.

Population Population
Rank City Change Province
2017 Census 1989 Census

1 Karachi 14,916,456 9,339,023 +59.72% Sindh

2 Lahore 11,126,285 5,209,088 +113.59% Punjab

3 Faisalabad 3,204,726 2,008,861 +59.53% Punjab

4 Rawalpindi 2,098,231 1,409,768 +48.84% Punjab

5 Gujranwala 2,027,001 1,132,509 +78.98%

Punjab

As we can see that the Lahore is the city in which population increases up to 113.59%
which is the most in all of them. So this one reason that this city needs housing.

Lahore has seen various mega-infrastructure projects in the past few years. The other side of
these developments is the increase in the number of slum settlements. Because of a lack of
availability of affordable housing, a large part of the city’s population is left with no option but
to settle in slums where they lack basic utilities needed for a dignified life

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Facilities:
Further in Lahore I select area Johar town as a role model for society and build
house in this type of society because a poor person Urban poor left with no option other than
informal means of living. It is only way out to most poor to live in inadequate housing
settlements near the city centers to fulfill their need for accommodation and employment.
This is a kind of area from where every kind of basic facility is near then whether it is hospitals,
educational centers, banks, markets, shopping centers, patrol pumps, general stores basically we
need to facilitate the poor with every basic need.

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Construction materials and cost

estimation:
The materials that are used in construction is known as construction materials and the details
for them is given below: Project cost estimation is the process of predicting the quantity, cost,
and price of the resources required by the scope of a project. Since cost estimation is about the
prediction of costs rather than counting the actual cost, a certain degree of uncertainty is
involved. This uncertainty arises from the fact that the project scope definition is never entirely
complete until the project has been finished, at which point all expenses have been made and an
accountant can determine the exact amount of money spent on resources.

Grey structure:
The major items required for the construction of a grey structure include cement, bricks, gravel,
sand, rebar, and piping for electrical and plumbing work. Being the most important part of any
construction project, labor cost is one of the major expenses. Here is the expense breakdown for
all items and labor:

Sample project:
5 Marla house construction cost (250 sq. yd). Covered area 2125 sq. ft. Item wise per square
foot cost calculations

1. Bricks 220 Rs/sq.ft:

Calculation:

220 Rs x 2125 sq. ft =467500 Rs

Brick price = 8.5 Rs. per piece

Quantity = 467500/8.5 = 55000 brick

2. Crush 60 Rs/sq.ft
Calculation:

60 Rs x 2125 sq.ft=127500Rs

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Crush price =70 Rs per c.ft

Quantity =204000/70 = 1821 c.ft

3. Cement 175 Rs/sq.ft:

Calculation:

175 Rs x 2125 sq.ft=371875 Rs

Cement price =550 Rs/50kg bag

Quantity =595000/550 = 677 bags

4. Steel 175 Rs/sq.ft:

Calculation:

175 Rs x 2125 sq.ft=371875 Rs

Steel price =80 Rs/kg or 80000R s/ton

Quantity =371875/80 = 4648 kg or 4.6 tons

5. Sand 35 Rs/sq.ft:
Calculation:

35 Rs x 2125 sq.ft=119000 Rs

Sand price =25 Rs/c.ft

Quantity =119000/25 = 2975 c.ft

6. Labor contractor 260 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

260 Rs x 2125 sq.ft = 552500 Rs

7. Steel fixer 10 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

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10 Rs x 2125 sq.ft = 21250 Rs

8. Plumbing contractor 15 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

15 Rs x 2125 sq.ft = 31875 Rs

9. Electric contractor 15 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

15 Rs x 2125 sq.ft = 31875 Rs

Other items
10.Electricity items 20 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

20 Rs x 2125 sq.ft = 42500 Rs

11.Plumbing items 45 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

45 Rs x 2125 sq.ft= 95625 Rs

12.Earth fill/Bharti 26 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

26 Rs x 2125 sq.ft = 55250 Rs

13.Brick Tile 10 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

10 Rs x 2125 sq.ft = 21250 Rs

14.Brick Ballast/Rorhi/Gravel 13 Rs/sq.ft

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Calculation:

13 Rs x 2125 sq.ft = 27625 Rs

15.Bitumen 4 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

4 Rs x 2125 sq.ft= 8500 Rs

16.Polythene sheet 3 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

3 Rs x 3400 sq.ft = 10200 Rs

17.Mud 3 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

3 Rs x 2125 sq.ft= 6375 Rs

18.Chips Aggregate 4 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

4 Rs x 2125 sq.ft= 8500 Rs

19.Taxes 5 Rs/sq.ft
Calculation:

5 Rs x 2125 sq.ft= 10,625 Rs

20.Electricity bills 5 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

5 Rs x 2125 sq.ft= 10625 Rs

21.Water boring 4 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

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4 Rs x 2125 sq.ft = 8500 Rs

22.Random expenditures 10 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

10 Rs x 2125 sq.ft= 21250 Rs

Let us see what will be the total cost of Grey structure:

Total
Cost per approximate
S# Item
sq.ft price(Pak
Rs)
1 Bricks 220 55000
2 Crush 60 20400
3 Cement 175 371875
4 Steel 175 80000
5 Sand 35 2975
6 Labor Cont 260 552500
7 Steel fixer 10 21250
8 Plumbing 15 31875
9 Electric 15 31875
10 Electric items 20 42500
11 Plumbing items 45 95625
12 Earth fill 26 55250
13 Brick tile 10 21250

14 Brick ballast 13 27625

15 Bitumen 4 8500
16 Polythene sheet 3 6375
17 Mud 3 6375
18 Chips 4 8500
19 Taxes 5 10625
20 Electric bills 5 10625
21 Boring 4 8500

22 Random 10 2125

__ TOTAL COST 1150 1655225

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House Construction cost for finishing works

After discussing house construction cost for grey structure of house in previous, in this video we
will discuss about house construction cost for finishing works of house. Costing and budgeting
for house construction before starting the project is very important task to carry operations
smoothly. One should have the basic idea about construction cost which can be helpful in
making a roadmap for construction specially if one has budget constraints. Our team has
calculated estimated per square foot costs for different materials required during finishing works
of a house.

Main gate:
Calculation:

15 Rs x 2125 sq.ft. =31875 Rs

-Made in MS(mild steel) sheets 16 gauge surface area rate up to Rs 500/sq.ft

Safety grills 16 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

16 Rs x 2125 sq.ft = 34000 Rs

-3 sootar steel rods any design up to Rs 125/sq.ft

Aluminum windows 42 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

42 Rs x 2125 sq.ft =89250 Rs

-Windows surface area rate in any good brand 1.3 gauge with clear 5 mm glass in silver color up to Rs 330/sq.ft

Granite 40 Rs/sq.ft
Calculation:

40 Rs x 2125 sq.ft = 85000 Rs

-Staircase slabs up to Rs 400/sq.ft

-Kitchen counter slabs up to Rs 400/sq.ft

-Other marble/granite required in washrooms, sill levels etc Rs 200/sq.ft

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Sanitary items 125 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

125 Rs x 2125 sq.ft =265525 Rs

-Ceramic Bowls up/down vanities in self made concrete slabs any good brand up to Rs 4000 with granite tops up to Rs 400/sq.ft

-Bathroom accessories (towel rod, soap dish, tissue holder etc) imported brand up to Rs 4000/set

-Other indoor and outdoor plumbing hardware (bottle traps, waste pipes, covers, taps etc.)

Paints:
Calculation:

90 Rs x 2125 sq.ft =191250 Rs

-Primer coating of any good company

-3 coats of filling(wall putty) of any good company

-Indoor Plastic emulsion paint of any good company

-Outdoor 3 coats of weather shield paint without base filling

-Distemper white on false ceilings without filling

Wood items 170 Rs/sq.ft

Calculation:

170 Rs x 2125 sq.ft =361250 Rs

-Door frame/chogath in any wood up to Rs 1600/c.ft

-Doors engineered/frame in any wood up to Rs 2600/c.ft

-Main Door solid/engineered in same wood

-Jamb frames ready made in ½’’ palai wood

-Architrave/borders ready made up to Rs 18/ft.

-Door handles imported up to Rs 1600/handle

-Other standard hardware including hinges, latches, magnet catcher etc

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Let us see what will be the total house construction cost of finishing works:
Cost Total
S# Item per approximate
sq.ft price(Pak Rs)

1 Paint 90 191250

2 Sanitary items 123 265625

3 Granite 40 85000

Aluminum
4 42 89250
windows

5 Main steel gate 15 31875

6 Wood items 170 361750

Total cost 957375

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Methodology
 Designing of the house:
We take an idea from the internet and then we sketch our plan of house on auto cad, and we also
drew this sketch on the sheet on which first we draw the ground floor then second floor and the
top floor. We also draw the elevation and sectional cutting drawing of our design of house .We
made this design keeping in mind the rules which were given by Lahore development authority.

Our plan is shown in the diagram:

 Idea for planning design:

The given figure shows our idea for designing a house:

fig.idea plan taken from internet

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 Our design:

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The above map shows our foundation denser height of wall, area of every room kitchen and
bathroom. We have already discussed the materials used in construction and cost estimation for
this has already done. We will make a plan of proper sewage electrical resistance and mechanical
installation and all o]the facilities that should have given to a society and home.

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