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Today’s Students’ Knowledge Pack
Date: 12.09.2021
Today’s Highlights: Solar System
Thought for the Day
“The present moment is the only moment
available to us and it is the door to all moments.”
Today in History
➢ 1786 – Lord Cornwallis Became the Governor-General of Bengal, India.
➢ 1919 – Adolf Hitler became a candidate for the German Workers Party.
➢ 1959 –The Soviet Union launched a large rocket, Lunik II, at the Moon.
➢ 1990 – Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India) Act received the assent
of the President of India on this day after being unanimously passed by
Parliament.
➢ 2002 – Metsat, an Indian satellite, was successfully launched.
➢ 2005 – Disney land started in Hong Kong.
Birth Anniversaries:
➢ 1791 – Michael Faraday, an American scientist. His main discoveries include the
principles underlying electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and electrolysis.
➢ 1894 – Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay, an Indin Bengali author.
➢ 1897 – Irene Joliot-Curie, a French chemist, and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
She was the daughter of Marie Curie and Pierre Curie.
Death Anniversaries:
➢ 952 – Pandit Sawai Gandharva. He is a popular Hindustani Classical vocalist from
Karnataka.
➢ 1992 – Mallikarjun Mansur, an Indian classical singer from Karnataka.
➢ 2009 – Norman Borlaug, an American agronomist, and humanitarian, Noble Prize
laureate. Also known as the Father of the Green Revolution.
➢ 2013 – Ray Milton Dolby, an American engineer. He invented the noise reduction
system known as Dolby NR.
KNOWLEDGE Library, Students’ Knowledge Pack-12.09.2021: An Initiative By: Kausik Chakraborty.
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 Test Your Vocabulary
Q1 Choose the synonym of ‘Berserk’.
(A) Maniacal
(B) Sensible
(C) Bereft
(D) Benedict

Q2 Choose the antonym of ‘Dormant’.

(A) Asleep
(B) Wakeful
(C) Dorian
(D) Mandate

Q3 Choose the synonym of ‘Diffident’.

(A) Confidante
(B) Confident
(C) Timid
(D) Different

Q4 Choose the antonym of ‘Inordinate’.

(A) Undue
(B) Subdue
(C) Steep
(D) Moderate

Q5 Choose the synonym of ‘Egress’.

(A) Emanuel
(B) Arrival
(C) Entrance
(D) Emanation

Q6. Find the Synonyms Of the following words-Dismantling

(A) Genuine
(B) Legal
(C) deconstructed
(D) Forged

Q7. Anticipation
(A) Acquit
(B) Costly
(C) expectation
(D) Support

KNOWLEDGE Library, Students’ Knowledge Pack-12.09.2021: An Initiative By: Kausik Chakraborty.

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Q8. Goodwill
(A) benevolence
(B) Commend
(C) Extol
(D) Feign

Q9. Ceased
(A) Permit
(B) Frame
(C) conclude
(D) Grant

Q10. Imbroglio
(A) Accept
(B) complication
(C) Receive
(D) Refuse
Answers:-Q.1(A),Q.2(B),Q.3(C),Q.4(D),Q.5(D),Q.6.(C),Q.7.(C),Q.8.(A),Q.9.(C),Q.10. (B)
Current Affairs
1-Indian-origin author Mahmood Mamdani is among four authors from around the
world to be shortlisted for the 2021 British Academy Book Prize for Global Cultural
Understanding.

भारतीय मूल के ले खक महमूद ममदानी दु ननया के उन चार ले खक ों में शानमल हैं निन्हें ग्ल बल
कल्चरल अों डरस्टैं नडों ग के नलए 2021 के निनिश एके डमी बु क पु रस्कार की दौड़ में शानमल नकया गया
है ।

2-Two-time Indian Super League champions Chennaiyin FC signed young Indian

midfielder Ninthoi Meetei for a three-year deal.

द बार की इों नडयन सुपर लीग फु िबॉल चैं नपयन िीम चेन्नईनयन एफसी ने यु वा भारतीय नमडफील्डर
ननोंथ ई मीते ई से तीन साल का करार नकया।

3-Prime Minister Narendra Modi chaired the annual summit of the five -nation
grouping BRICS in the virtual format.

प्रधानमोंत्री नरे न्द्र म दी नडनििल माध्यम से पाों च दे श ों के समूह निक्स के सालाना नशखर सम्मेलन की
अध्यक्षता की।

4-Chinese President Xi Jinping has appointed General Wang Haijiang as the new
Commander of the People's Liberation Army's Western Theatre Command, which
oversees the borders with India.

KNOWLEDGE Library, Students’ Knowledge Pack-12.09.2021: An Initiative By: Kausik Chakraborty.

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चीन के राष्ट्र पनत शी नचननफों ग ने भारत के साथ लगने वाली सीमाओों पर ननगरानी रखने वाली िनमु क्ति
सेना की वेस्टनन नथयेिर कमान का नया कमाों डर िनरल वाों ग हे ईनियाों ग क ननयुि नकया है ।

5-The Andhra Pradesh government has appointed Rajnish Kumar as its econo mic
advisor. A former SBI chairman, Rajnish Kumar's tenure in the cabinet rank position
is for two years.

आों ध्र प्रदे श सरकार ने रिनीश कु मार क अपना आनथन क सलाहकार ननयुि नकया है । एसबीआई के
पूवन चेयरमैन रिनीश कुमार का कै नबने ि रैं क के पद पर कायन काल द साल का है ।

6-TRIFED will be establishing an Atmanirbhar corners in 75 embassies of foreign

countries in India.

िर ाईफे ड भारत में क्तथथत 75 नवदे श ी दू तावास ों में भी एक आत्मननभनर कॉनन र की थथापना करे गा।

7-Union Minister of State for Ports, Shipping and Waterways Shantanu Thakur
inaugurated/dedicated three projects to the nation at Netaji Subhas Dock of Syama
Prasad Mookerjee Port(SMP), Kolkata.

केंद्रीय पत्तन, प त पररवहन और िलमागन राज्य मोंत्री शाों तनु ठाकुर ने क लकाता के श्यामा प्रसाद
मुखिी बोंदरगाह (एसएमपी) के नेतािी सुभाष डॉक में तीन पररय िनाओों का उद् घािन कर दे श क
समनपनत नकया।

8-The bilateral exercise – AUSINDEX between Indian Navy and Royal Australian Navy
commenced in Australia.

ऑस्टर े नलया में भारतीय नौसेना और रॉयल ऑस्टर े नलयाई नौसेना के बीच निपक्षीय अभ्यास -
‘ऑसइों डेक्स’ शुरू हुआ।

9-Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman announced the launch of a
project to revive historic city of Jeddah.

सऊदी अरब के क्राउन नप्रोंस म हम्मद नबन सलमान ने ऐनतहानसक शहर िेद्दाह क पुनिीनवत करने
के नलए एक पररय िना शु रू करने की घ षणा की है ।

10-Michael K. Williams, an actor best known for his role as Omar Little on HBO's "The
Wire," has died. He was 54.

एचबीओ के "द वायर" में उमर नलनिल के रूप में अपनी भूनमका के नलए िाने िाने वाले अनभनेता
माइकल के . नवनलयम्स का ननधन ह गया है । वह 54 वषन के थे।

KNOWLEDGE Library, Students’ Knowledge Pack-12.09.2021: An Initiative By: Kausik Chakraborty.

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 Knowledge Update
Interesting Facts about Solar System
Solar system consists of the Sun, eight planets (Pluto is not considered a planet now) and
their satellites (moons). Solar system also consists of thousands of other smaller celestial
bodies such as steroids, comets and meteors.
Sun is at the centre of the Solar system and all these bodies are revolving arround the
sun. The gravitational pull of the sun keeps them revolving arround it. All the planets and
celestial bodies revolve in elliptical orbit.

Amazing Facts about Solar System

• The planet nearest to Sun is Mercury and the farthest planet is Neptune
(Not Pluto as it is not considered a planet)
• The size of Solar system has been estimated to be about 105
Astronomical Unit.( Astronomical Unit is the mean distance between
Earth and Sun).
• Sun is the ultimate source of energy in the Solar System.
• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars are called Terrestrial Planets. They are also
called as inner planets. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called
gaseous planets. They are also called as outer planets.
• Solar system also consists of asteroid belt which comes between the
orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
• There are five recognized Dwarf Planets in Solar System they are – Ceres,
Pluto, Haumea, Makemake and Iris.
• Our Solar system is located 26,000 light years from the center of Milky
way.
• Nearest Star to Solar System are – Proxima Centauri (4.37 Light Year)
and Alpha Centauri (4.37 LY).
KNOWLEDGE Library, Students’ Knowledge Pack-12.09.2021: An Initiative By: Kausik Chakraborty.
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Pluto has lost the status of Planet and is now considered Dwarf Planet. Pluto was
discovered in year 1930 and from since then nine planets were considered in our solar
system. The International Astronomical Union took a decision in 2006 to remove the
status of Pluto from a planet to dwarf planet. Thus, the count of actual planets in Solar
system reduces to be Eight only.
The Sun
•Sun is at the centre of Solar system
• Sun’s diameter is 14 lakhs Km. Size of Sun is Thirteen Lakh
times bigger than Earth.
• Sun Rays takes 8.2 minutes from Sun’s surface to reach
Earth.
• Sun is the nearest star from Earth.
• On the Sun’s surface Hydrogen is converted to Helium by
Nuclear Fusion Chain reaction releasing tremendous amount
of Heat and Light.
• Surface temperature of Sun is 60000 C and the
temperature of Core is 15,000,0000 C.
• Outer layer of Sun’s atmosphere is made up of thin layer of hot gases called
corona
The Planets
• Planets are the celestial bodies which continuously revolve around the sun.
• Planets don’t have their own light but they ate illuminated by the light of Sun.
• There are eight planets in solar system.
• Sequence of planets is order of their distance from sun is – Mercury, Venus, Earth,
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
• Sequence of planets in descending order of their size – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury.
• Jupiter is the biggest and Mercury is the smallest planet in our Solar System

Inner Planets Outer Planets

They include Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars They include Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, Neptune
They are nearer to sun They are far from sun
They are made up of dense metallic They are made of hot gases, mainly
minerals Hydrogen and Helium
They have mantle rich in Iron and No mantle, Gaseous core
Magenesium
They move faster and have shorter period They move slower and have long
of revolution period of revolution
They have few moons They have large number of moons

KNOWLEDGE Library, Students’ Knowledge Pack-12.09.2021: An Initiative By: Kausik Chakraborty.

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 Mercury

• Mercury is the closes planet to the Sun

• It is extremely hot planet and there is not water on it.
• This planet has no gases like Co2, N2, H2 and O2
which act as building blocks of life.
• Mercury has no protective blanket like Ozon of earth
to protect it from radiations.

Venus
Venus is second planet from Sun and is also nearest planet
from Earth.
• Venus is also the brightest planet among all.
• Venus is also called as “Morning Star” and “Evening
Star” becauses it rises earliest in evening and remain
visible late in morning sky.
• Venus is surrounded by thick cloud cover, hence it is
also called as Veiled planet.
• Venus is similar to Earth in size and mass. Hence it is
also called as Earth’s twin.
• Venus is the hottest planet of our Solar System(Even hotter than
Mercury) due to its veil of clouds.
• There is no sufficient oxygen and no traces of water on it.
• Venus rotates from east to west unlike other planets which rotate from
west to east on its axis. Only Uranus also rotates east to west.
Earth
Earth is largest of inner planets
• Earth is tilted 23.5 degrees from its vertical axis.
• Earth is called Blue planet (it appears blue from
space) due to huge amount of water on it.
• Earth is the only known planet which sustains life on
it.
• Earth has all elements like Carbon, Oxygen and
Hydrogen which are building blocks of life.
• Earth has Goldilock zone. Gollilock zone is a habitable
zone of solar system where all conditions are suitable for
life to sustain.
• Earth has protective blanket of Ozone which absorbs harmful ultraviolet
radiations of Sun.
• Moon is the only natural satellite of Earth.

KNOWLEDGE Library, Students’ Knowledge Pack-12.09.2021: An Initiative By: Kausik Chakraborty.

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 • Moon takes the same amount of time to rotate on its axis and revolve
around the earth. This period is 27 days, 7 hours and 43 minutes. This is
the reason why only one face of moon is visible from earth.
• Size of Moon is one-fourth and gravitational pull is one sixth of Earth.
• Study of Moon is called Selenology. Moon is also called fossil planet.

Mars

Mars is also called as Red Planet.

• Mars has Iron rick red soil and pink sky.
• Phobes and Demos are two satellites of Mars.

Jupiter

Jupiter is the largest planet of Solar System

• Jupiter is also known as Winter planet as its
temperature is very low (-148 Deg C).
• Gannymeda is a satellite of Jupiter which is the
largest satellite of Solar system.

Saturn

Saturn is the second largest planet of Solar system.

• Saturn has bright concentric rings which are
made up of ice and ice covered dust particles which
revolve arround it.
• Titan is the largest satellite of Saturn.

Uranus

Uranus is about four times size of Earth. The planet

appears greenish in color because of methane gas
present in atmosphere.
•Uranus is seventh planet from Sun and it is
third biggest planet of Solar system.

KNOWLEDGE Library, Students’ Knowledge Pack-12.09.2021: An Initiative By: Kausik Chakraborty.

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 • Uranus is extremely cold having surface temperature -190 deg C.
• Uranus is surrounded by 13 rings.
• Uranus rotates from east to west on its axis like Venus which is opposite
to other planets.
• The axis of Uranus has large inclination so that it appears to be lying
down, hence it bears the name “A planet on its side”
Neptune

Planet Neptune
• Neptune is the eighth planet of solar system.
• Temperature of surface of Neptune is very low.
• Neptune is very similar to Uranus.
• Neptune is also surrounded by methane gas rings of
sub-zero temperature.

Comparative Facts about Solar System Planets

Planet Rev. Time Rot. Time
Dia Mass Moons
(Km) Ratio
Mercury 88 days 58.6 days 4878 0.055 0
Venus 224.7 days 243 days 12100 0.8 0
Earth 365.26 days 23.9 hrs 12760 1 1
Mars 678 days 24.6 hrs 6780 0.1 2
Jupiter 11.9 years 9.9 hrs 142800 318 63
Saturn 29.5 years 10 hrs 120000 95 21
Uranus 84 years 16.2 hrs 50800 15 15
Neptune 164.8 years 18.5 hrs 48600 17 8
** Mass Ratio is the mass of planet as compared to Earth. In other terms it means mass
of planet divided by mass of Earth.

Fact Check
I strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't
look right, please mail me: updatesyourknowledge@gmail.com
(Data Collection, Compilation, and Dissemination By: KAUSIK CHAKRABORTY)
(Open-Sources Information not for Commercial Use)
For Back Issues: https://t.me/updatesyourknowledge

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