CHAPTER III

METHOD AND PROCEDURE

3.1 Research Design

In experimental research, there are four experimental designs, they are pre-

experimental, true-experimental, quasi-experimental and factorial design. This

research will use experimental design with the form of quasi-experimental design.

The purpose of quasi-experimental is to get information which the informant has

predicted with experiment that it is impossible to control and manipulate all relevant

factors (Fattah, 2015). The reason of choosing this type method is because the setting

does not allow the control and manipulation of the relevant variables.

The quasi-experimental design is characterized by several things, it has both

pre-test and post-test, it has experimental and control group (Kazemi, 2012). In order

to know the difference of those two groups, this research will use the non-equivalent

control group design of the experimental research. This design is similar with pretest-

posttest control group design, however in this design the experimental class and

control class is not chosen randomly.

The model of pre-test and post-test design is as follows:

E: O1 X O2

C: O1 O2

Note:

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E: Experimental class

C: Control class

O1: Pre-test

O2: Post-test

X: Treatment

The research will deal with two variables. They are Jigsaw Technique by

WhatsApp Video Call and Teaching Grammar. The Jigsaw Technique by WhatsApp

Video Call represented the independent variable and Teaching Grammar as the

dependent variable. In this research, the researcher wants to know whether there is a

significant difference in teaching grammar between the students who taught using

Jigsaw Technique by WhatsApp Video Call and those who taught using regular

online learning at Intensive English Course UIN Antasari Banjarmasin. So, there are

two groups, namely experimental group and control group. Experimental group is the

class who taught by jigsaw technique of whatsapp video calling and control group is

the class who taught by regular online learning.

Table 1. The Time Allocation for The Research

No Meeting
1 First Meeting
2 Second Meeting
3 Third Meeting
Activity Description
Pre-test The pre-test is given to the
student
First Treatment The experimental class is
taught by Jigsaw Technique
by WhatsApp Video Call and
The control class is taught by
regular online learning.
Second The experimental class is
Treatment taught by Jigsaw Technique
by WhatsApp Video Call and
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The control class is taught by

4 Fourth Meeting
5 Fifth Meeting
6 Sixth Meeting
regular online learning.
Third Treatment The experimental class is
taught by Jigsaw Technique
by WhatsApp Video Call and
The control class is taught by
regular online learning.
Fourth The experimental class is
Treatment taught by Jigsaw Technique
by WhatsApp Video Call and
The control class is taught by
regular online learning.
Post-Test The post-test is given to the
students.

3.2 Popolation and Sample

In this section, the researcher will discuss about the population and sample of

this research.

3.2.1 Population

The population of this research is the first year students of Intensive English

Course at UIN Antasari academic year 2020/2021. There are 115 groups with the

average of 18 students for group 1 until group 115. The total numbers of students are

2079 students. The researcher will choose two groups as the sample. They are

experimental class and control class.

3.2.2 Sample

The sample of the research consists of two classes of the first year students of

Intensive English Course at UIN Antasari Banjarmasin in academic year 2020/2021.

The group 93 as experimental class will teach by using Jigsaw Technique by

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WhatsApp Video Call while the group 92 as control class who taught by using

regular online learning.

The researcher will use purposive sampling technique in taking the sample,

because the balance in English skills for both two classes. The researcher will use

both classes come from the group 93 and group 92 with the total number is 32

students because the researcher viewed that both classes can represent the population

there.

3.3 Data

In this section, the researcher will discuss about kinds of data, data collection

and analysis, and admissibility of the data.

3.3.1 Kinds of Data

Kinds of data of this research is classified to primary data and secondary data.

- Primary Data

The primary data of this research is score of test. The score is gained from

pre-test and post-test through both experiment class and control class.

- Secondary Data

The seconday data of this research are documentation and observation.

The documentation is gained from the screenshots through Jigsaw

Technique by WhatsApp Video Call from experiment class. The

observation is gained from the researcher’s observation from students’

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experiment class while they are using Jigsaw Technique through

WhatsApp Video Call.

3.3.2 Data Collection and Analysis

In this section, the researcher will discuss about data collection procedure and

data analysis.

3.3.2.1 Data Collection Procedure

This research will use a test to collect the data of students’ grammar

achievement of simple present tense before and after receiving the treatment. The test

is used to measure students’ abilities. The test is given twice, before and after the

treatment. The test is conducted before giving the treatment called pre-test, while the

test is given after receiving the treatment called post-test.

The pre-test is administered to know students’ grammar achievement scores

and abilities from both groups before they are treated by Jigsaw Technique through

WhatsApp Video Call for the experimental group and regular online learning for the

control group. Meanwhile, the post-tests are assigned at the end of the research. It is

aimed to find out the significant difference in students’ grammar skills after

receiving the treatments. In other words, the tests are used to measure students’

grammar skills before and after giving the treatments. Both pre-tests and post-tests

are in the form of multiple-choice that consist of thirty items for each test.

3.3.2.2 Data Analysis

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There are two kinds of data analysis techniques use in this research, namely

descriptive and inferential statistics.

- Descriptive Statistics

The descriptive statistics are used to describe the result of the data

without intending to generalize the result. In descriptive statistics, the

researcher will describe the results of mean scores of both groups' pre-test

and post-test. The result calculation of mean score is used to describe the

improvement score of students' grammar skills before and after the given

treatment.

- Inferential Statistics

Inferential analysis is used to analyze the obtained data from the

instruments statistically. This analysis is also aimed to make inferences

about a population based on the data obtained from the sample. In

addition, this analysis also intends to test the hypothesis of research

problems. The statistic is used to calculate the data by using Independent

Sample T-Test. This is due to there is one independent variable that

affects one dependent variable in this research.

3.3.3 Admissibility of the Data

The data of the research will be admissible since they deal with these

following criteria:

- The data are entirely taken from the students’ scores.

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- The data are entirely taken from the first year students at Intensive

English Course at UIN Antasari Banjarmasin

- In this research, the data are focused on four forms of simple present

tense, they are positive statement, negative statement, yes/no question,

and WH question.

3.4 Instrument Development

In this research, test is used as the instrument to collect the data needed. The

form of the test is in the form of multiple choice questions and the material of the

research is grammar of the simple present tense.

Validity of the Test

Validity concerns on what we are going to measure is probably the single

most important aspect of measurement. In this research, the researcher will calculate

the validity of test which was taken from the students’ handbook. To analyze the data

the researcher will use SPSS statistic 22 program by using Pearson’s product

moment. Analyze - Correlate - Bivariate - Pearson - Two-tailed - Flag significant

correlations - OK. Product moment (α) = 5% = 0.05

Reliability of the Test

Reliability test is used to know the reliability of the test instrument

(consistent and dependable), it means that the test will give the similar result for

different occasions. The researcher will use SPSS statistic 22 program by using
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Cronbach Alpha. Analyze - Scale - Reliability Analysis - Alpha - OK

0,00 - 0,20 : Very low reliability

0,20 - 0,20 : Low reliability

0,40 - 0,60 : Enough reliability

0,60 - 0,80 : High reliability

0, 80 - 1,00 : Very high reliability

Pre-requirerment Test

After analyzing the validity and reliability of the test, the researcher will

analyze pre-requirement test which consist of normality, homogeneity and also

hypothesis test.

- Normality Test

Test of normality is used to analyze the distribution of data. Based on the

degree of significance 0.05 the data considered normally distributed if the

significance level (p value > 0.05), if the significance level (p value < 0.05)

then the data is not normally distributed. To calculate the data the researcher

will use SPSS statistic 22 program by using Kolmogorov Smirnov technique.

Analyze - Nonparametric Test - Legacy Dialog - Sample K.S - Test Variable

List - Normal – OK.

- Homogenity Test

Test of homogenity is used to show that two or more groups of sample data
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from the population have the same variant. Based on the degree of

significance 0.05 the variants are homogeneous if the significance level (p

value > 0.05), on the other hand if the significance level (p value < 0.05) then

the variants are not homogeneous. To calculate the data the researcher will

use SPSS statistic 22 program by using one way ANOVA technique. Analyze

- compare mean - one way ANOVA.

- Hypothesis Test

The hypothesis which conducted by the research in this research are:

Ho: μ1 = μ2: There is no significant result of students’ grammar ability who

taught by Jigsaw Technique through WhatsApp Video Call.

Ha: μ1 ≠ μ2: There is significant result of students’ grammar ability who

taught by Jigsaw Technique through WhatsApp Video Call.

In this hypothesis test, the researcher will use SPSS statistic 22 program by

using Independent Sample T-Test to test the significance of differences two mean

from two distributions, which consist of experimental and control class. Analyze -

Compare Means - Independent Sample T-Test - Define Group - Type 1 in group 1

and type 2 in group 2 – OK.

3.5 Research Validity

The sample and the data collection of the research must be valid. A valid

sample must be representative from the population. In this research, the researcher
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will use purposive sampling to obtain the sample. The purposive sampling is the

process of selecting sample by taking subject that is not based on the level area, but it

is taken based on the spesific purpose. With purposive sampling the researcher can

choose the sample for getting representative of the population. Knowing that the

population is huge number, therefore for this research, the researcher takes only one

class as the experiment class and one class as the control class. The sample is from

Intensive English Course at UIN Antasari Banjarmasin academic year 2020/2021, the

sample of the research consists of two classes, they are Group 93 and Group 92. The

both classes can represent the population because the balance in English skills for

both classes.

A valid data collection of the research means that the findings truly represent

the phenomenon that claimed to measure. The data collection of this research is a

test, and the material of the test is grammar of simple present tense, it is suitable with

the objective of this research is to know whether or not Jigsaw Technique in online

learning by using WhatsApp Video Call is effective to improve students’ ability in

grammar based on their understanding of simple present tense.