Chapter III R1=420 lbup

EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS

3.5 Equilibrium of Parallel Forces
The conditions for equilibrium of parallel force
systems are determined from the conditions necessary to
create a zero resultant. In Art. 2-6 we found that the
resultant of parallel force systems is determined by the
equations
R=ΣF
R ∙ d=ΣM
Since equilibrium means a zero resultant, we
conclude that the independent equations of equilibrium are
ΣF=0 Equation (3-4)
Similarly, R2 is found by a moment sum about a point on
the action line of R1. The result in
ΣM A =0 10 R2−600( 7)−300(2)=0
R1=480 lbup
3.7 Equilibrium of Non-Concurrent Force Systems
In Art. 2-9 it was demonstrated that the resultant
of a non-concurrent force system could be determined
from the components ΣX, ΣY, and ΣM. The resultant will
therefore equal zero, and hence equilibrium will exist only
when

ΣM =0 ΣX =0 Equation (3-5)
ΣY =0
from which only two unknowns may be determined to ΣM =0
hold a parallel force system in equilibrium.
ΣX =0
Σ M A =0 Equation (3-4a) Σ M
B=0
Σ M B=0 Σ M A =0
where the moment centres A and B connect a line that is Σ M A =0
not parallel to the forces. The use of Eq. (3-4) is usually
preferred; the condition Σ F = 0 is reserved for a check.
Σ M B=0
This technique is illustrated in the following problems. Σ M C =0

ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS The second and third sets of the equilibrium

330 A beam simply supported at the ends, carries a
concentrated load of 300 lb and a uniformly distributed
load weighing 100 lb per linear foot, as shown in Fig 3-15.
Determine the beam reactions.
equations are obtained by replacing a force summation by
an equivalent moment summation. The moment centers
may be chosen anywhere provided that a line joining A
and B is not perpendicular to the X axis, and that A, B, and
C do not lie on the same straight line. (Explain these
exceptions hy reviewing Art. 3-4.)
In applying the moment summations it is best (whenever
possible) to select the moment center at the intersection of
two of the unknown, thereby eliminating these unknowns
from the moment summation. This technique is illustrated
in the following sample problems.

ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS
344 The roof truss shown in Fig. 3-17 supported on rollers
at A and hinged B. The wind loads are perpendicular to the
inclined members. Determine the components of the
Solution reactions at A and B.
To begin with, the uniformly distributed load is
equivalent to a resultant of 6 x 100 = 600 lb acting at the
centre of gravity of the uniform load diagram This
resultant is represented by the dotted-line vector of 600 lb.
The original loading produces the same reactions as the
equivalent two concentrated loads.
R1 is found by taking moments about a point on
the line of action of R2, thereby eliminating R2 from the
moment equation.
ΣM B=0 10 R1−300( 8)−600(3)=0
Solution Solution
The roller at constrains the reaction to be vertical. Applying the conditions of equilibrium ΣX =0,
The reaction at B is resolved into its components BV and ΣY =0, Σ M A =0 provides a solution which is quite
BH as shown in Fig. 3-17b. These three unknown
cumbersome since it leads to a set of three simultaneous
quantities are determined by applying the equations of
equations.relating the three unknowns. A much simpler
equilibrium. To
solution is obtained by choosing a moment center which
simplify computations, the symmetrical downward loads
eliminates two of the unknowns. This center O, lying at
have been replaced by their resultant of 600 lb. The 400-lb
the intersection of Ra and Rb, is easily located
resultant of the wind loads bas been resolved into its
geometrically Fig. 3-19a by applying the sine law to
components acting at C. Its vertical component is 400 cosθ
triangle AOB:
= 320 lb, and its horizontal component is 400 sinθ = 240
lb, since from the soul 3-4-5 triangle the functions of θ are
sin θ = 3/5 and cosθ = 4/5. Referring to Fig. 3-17b, we
now obtain BH from horizontal summation which thereby
eliminates AV and BV.

20 AO OB
= =
sin 105° sin 45 ° sin30 °
whence AO = 14.62 ft and OB = 10.34 ft. Then AD = AO
cos30° = 12.68 ft and DB = OB cos45° = 7.32 ft whence
ΣX =0 240−B H =0 the moment arms of P and the 400 lb load with respect to 0
BH =240lb ¿ the¿ are 8.68 ft and 5.32 ft as shown in Fig. 3-19.
A moment summation about A eliminate AV and
BV and solves directly for BV as follows
ΣM o =0 8.68 P−400(5.32)=0
P=245 lb
ΣM A =0
−80 Bv +600 ( 40 ) +320 ( 20 ) +240(15)=0
Bv =425 lbup
Finally AV is determined from a moment
summation about B which, by eliminating BV and BH,
gives a result which is independent of the reaction at B.
ΣM B=0
80 A v +240 ( 15 ) −320 ( 60 )−600( 40)=0
A v =495 lbup

346 Determine the load P required to hold bar AB in a

horizontal position on the smooth incline shown in Fig. 3-
18. Also determine the reactions at A and B.
 This value of P is used to obtain the force
polygon shown in Fig. 3-19b to which the sine law is
applied to give

645 RA RB
= =
sin 75° sin 45 ° sin 60°
whence
R A =472 lb∧R B=578 lb