CHAPTER 3:

RESULTANTS OF
FORCE SYSTEMS
 Reduction of Force Systems

CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems

 𝑹 = 𝜮𝑭 = 𝑭𝟏 + 𝑭𝟐 + 𝑭𝟑

𝑅𝑥 = Σ 𝐹𝑥 𝑅𝑦 = Σ 𝐹𝑦 𝑅𝑧 = Σ 𝐹𝑧

𝑪𝑹 = 𝜮𝑴𝒐 = 𝒓𝟏 × 𝑭𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 × 𝑭𝟐 + ⋯
𝑅
𝐶𝑥 = Σ 𝑀𝑥 𝐶𝑦𝑅 = Σ 𝑀𝑦 𝐶𝑧𝑅 = Σ 𝑀𝑧

CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems

 For a system that lies on a
plane (say xy-plane)
𝑅𝑥 = Σ 𝐹𝑥 𝑅𝑦 = Σ 𝐹𝑦

𝐶𝑅 = Σ 𝑀𝑜

CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems

 EXAMPLE

The coplanar force

system consists of three
forces and one couple.
Determine the equivalent
force-couple system with
the force acting at point
O.

CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems

 EXAMPLE

Replace the three forces

with an equivalent force-
couple system, with the
force acting at O.

CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems

 Resultant
The resultant of a force system is defined to
be the simplest system that can replace the
original system without changing its external
effect on a rigid body.

CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems

 A. General Coplanar Force
System

CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems

 B. Concurrent, Coplanar
force system

CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems

 C. Parallel, Coplanar force
system

CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems

 EXAMPLE
The values of Rx , Ry , and ΣMo for five force systems lying in
the xy-plane are listed in the following table. Point O is the
origin of the coordinate system, and positive moments are
counterclockwise. Determine the resultant for each force
system, and show it on a sketch of the coordinate system.
Part Rx Ry Mo
1 0 200 N 400 N-m
2 0 200 N -400 N-m
3 300 N 400 N 600 N-m
4 400 N -600 N -900 N-m
5 0 0 -200 N-m
CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems
 EXAMPLE

The force system shown

consists of the couple C
and four forces. If the
resultant of this system is
a 75,000-Nmm counter
clockwise couple,
determine P, Q and C.

CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems

 Introduction to Normal Loads

CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems

 Introduction to Normal Loads

CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems

 Introduction to Normal Loads
The magnitude of the resultant force is equal
to the area under the load diagram

The line of action of the resultant force

passes through the centroid of the area under
the load diagram

CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems

 Computation of Resultant

CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems

 EXAMPLE
Determine the resultant of the line load acting on the beam.

CHAPTER 3 Resultants of Force Systems