TECHO-GENERATOR

SPECIAL PURPOSE GENERATOR

 Introduction
• Tachometer/Techo-generator is an instrument that
measures the speed of rotation of shaft or disc in machine.
• Tachometer is small AC or DC generator that gives the
output as voltage in proportional to the rotational speed of
the shaft.
• It is cable of measuring speed and direction of the rotation
of the shaft, but not its position.
• They converter a rotational speed into an isolated analog
voltage signal that is suitable for remote indication and
control applications’
 Application
• It is used as analog speed indicator.
• It is also used as velocity feedback devices in
control system
CONTROL APPLICATION
 Types of Techo-Generator
• DC Techo-Generator
• AC Techo-Generator
 DC Tacho-Generator
• DC Tacho-generator are basically small
permanent magnet DC generators.
• It works with principle of electromagnetic
induction between a permanent magnet and
conducting coil
 EMF Induced
• EMF induced in DC generator E = kɸN
Where ɸ = flux
N = rotational speed (rpm)
For permanent magnet machine, ɸ = constant
E = k gN
Kg is tacho-generator constant
Thus E α N
CHARACTERISTIC GRAPH BETWEEN
VOLTAGE AND SPEED
 Limitation
• The error in Techo-Generator can have may
be due to loss of strength of permanent magnet
due to aging.
• By result of this, relation between speed and
voltage may be lost.
 REMEDIES
• To minimize the aging effect, the pole of DC
Techo-Generator are made of good industrial
grade magnetic substance such as Alnico.
 AC TECHO-GENERATOR
• The principle of AC Techo-Generator is very
similar to that of induction generator
 CONSTRUCTION
• The rotor can be thin light Aluminium disc or
a squirrel cage rotor.
• The stator coil has two winding named
reference coil (direct axis coil) and quadrature
coil, displaced by 90.
AC-TECHO GENERATOR
 WORKING
• The reference coil is excited by a sinusoidal
voltage of constant magnitude and constant
frequency that produces a AC flux which is
pulsating in nature but not rotating.
• The pulsating flux is composed of two
oppositely rotating flux, forward and backward.
• Rotating flux are of equal magnitude and rotate
at equal speed.
 WORKING
• When the rotor is stationary, these two
opposite flux produces two voltage of equal
and opposite amplitude in the quadrature coil.
• Thus resultant voltage output across the
quadrature coil is zero.
 WORKING
• When the rotor starts rotating in either direction,
the relative motion between the rotor and either
of the forward or backward RMF, increases or
decreases.
• Thus forward or backward RMF get modified in
magnitude.
• A resultant non-zero voltage appears across the
output terminals of the quadrature coil which is
proportional to the speed of rotation of the rotor.
Thank!