Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Departamento de Fı́sica
Elasticidad y Fluidos
Ejercicios de Elasticidad 1

1. Determinar el tensor de deformaciones para el siguiente campo de desplazamientos

v = Bxz 2 , w = C x2 + y 2


u = Axy,

2. Un campo de desplazamientos bi-dimensional está dado por

u = k x2 + y 2 ,


v = k (2x − y) , w = 0,
Sadd / Elasticity Final Proof 3.7.2004 2:59pm page 44

donde k es una constante. Determinar y dibujar la forma deformada de un elemento

diferencial originalmente rectangular ubicado con su esquina inferior izquierda sobre el
origen.
y

Sadd / Elasticity Final Proof 3.7.2004 2:59pm page 64

dy

x
terms can be explained mathematically because of the curvature of the space. However, a more
dx
physical interpretation can be found by redeveloping these equations through a simple
force balance analysis on the appropriate differential element. This analysis is proposed for
the less demanding two-dimensional polar coordinate case by
2-3. A two-dimensional problem of a rectangular bar stretched in uniform
Exerciseend3-11.
loadings
In general,
3. Un problema elástico tridimensional de una barra uniforme estirada bajo su propio peso
results in the following constant strain field:
relations (3.7.6) and (3.7.8) look much more complicated when compared to the Cartesian
2
form (3.6.5). However, under particular conditions, 3
arroja el siguiente campo de deformaciones C1 0 the0curvilinear forms lead to an analytical
solution that could not be reached eijby¼ 4 using
0 "C Cartesian
2 0 5 coordinates. For easy reference,
Appendix A lists the complete set of elasticity
 0 field
0 0equations in cylindrical and spherical
coordinates. Az 0 0
where C and C are constants. Assuming the field depends only on x and y, integrate
1 2
 to 0determine
the strain-displacement relations Az 0 components and identify
the displacement
References any rigid-body motion terms. 0 of a uniform
0 Bz
2-4. A three-dimensional elasticity problem bar stretched under its own weight
Chandrasekharaiah DS,
gives the and Debnath
following strain L: Continuum Mechanics, Academic Press, Boston, 1994.
field:
Eringen AC: Theory of micropolar elasticity, Fracture, vol 2,3 ed. H Liebowitz, Academic Press, New
donde A y B son constantes. Integrar las relaciones deformación–desplazamiento para
York, pp. 662-729, 1968.
2
Az 0 0
eij ¼ 4 0 Az 0 5
determinar las componentes del desplazamiento. 0 0 Bz
Exercises where A and B are constants. Integrate the strain-displacement relations to determine
4. El estado de esfuerzo
3-1. The the
en
state
una placa
displacement
of stress incomponents
rectangular
and identify
a rectangular
bajobiaxial
all rigid-body
plate under uniform motion
carga
terms. biaxial uniforme (ver figura) es
loading, as shown in the
following
2-5. figure,
Explicitly is that
verify foundthe to be 
general rigid-body motion displacement
 field given by (2.2.10)
yields zero strains. Next, assuming that
2Xall strains
0 0
3vanish, formally integrate relations
(2.2.5) to develop the general form (2.2.10).
X 0 0
2-6. For polar coordinates defined by
¼ 4001-7,Yshow
sijFigure Y0 5that0the transformation relations can be
used to determine the normal and shear0strain 0 components
0
corresponding Cartesian components
0 0 0 e , e , and e in terms of the
r y ry

Determine the traction vector and the normal and shearing stresses on the oblique plane S.
e þe e "e
Determinar los esfuerzos normales
e ¼ y de
2
þ cizalla
2
sobre
cos 2y þ e sin 2y el plano oblicuo S.
r
x y x y
xy

ex þ ey ex " ey
ey ¼ " cos 2y " exy sin 2y
y 2 2
ey " ex
ery ¼ sin 2y þ exy cos 2y
2

2-7. A rosette strain gage is an electromechanicalSdevice that can measure relative surface
elongations in three directions. Bonding such a device to the surface of a structure allows
determination of elongational strains in particular directions. A schematic of one such

q
44 FOUNDATIONS AND ELEMENTARY APPLICATIONS x

1 3-2*. In suitable units, the stress at a particular point in a solid is found to be

fuente: “Elasticity: Theory, Applications & Numerics”, M. H. Sadd, 2005
2 3
2 1 "4
sij ¼ 4 1 4 05
"4 1 0 1

Determine the traction vector on a surface with unit normal (cos y, sin y, 0), where y is
a general angle in the range 0 # y # p. Plot the variation of the magnitude of the
 Sadd / Elasticity Final Proof 3.7.2004 2:59pm page 68

5. Un problema unidimensional de una barra estirada bajo su propio peso se puede modelar
3-13. A one-dimensional problem of a prismatic bar (see the following figure) loaded
mediante el campounder itsdeownesfuerzos
weight can beσxmodeled
= σxby (x), σy =field
the stress σzsx=¼ τsxy
x (x),=syτ¼ xzsz=¼ τyz = 0, con fuerzas
t ¼ t ¼ t ¼ 0, with body forces F ¼ rg, F ¼ F ¼ 0,
de volumen Fx = ρg, Fy = Fz = 0, donde ρ es la densidad de masa de la barra y g es la
xy yz zx x y z where r is the mass
density and g is the local acceleration of gravity. Using the equilibrium equations,
gravedad. Usarshow lasthat
ecuaciones
the non-zero de equilibrio
stress will be givenpara
by sx ¼ mostrar que el
rg(l " x), where l isesfuerzo
the length diferente de cero
está dado por of ρg (l − x), donde l es la longitud de la barra.
σxthe=bar.

3-14. A hydrostatic stress field is specified by

6. Un campo de esfuerzos hidrostático está especificado por
2 3
"p
 0 0 
sij ¼ "pdij ¼ 4 0 −p "p 05 0
σij = −pδij = 0 0 0 "p −p 0  ,
where p ¼ p(x1 , x2 , x3 ) and may be called the0pressure. −pthat the equilibrium
0 Show
equations imply that the pressure must satisfy the relation rp ¼ F.
donde p =3-15.
p (x 1 , x2the
Verify , xcurvilinear
3 ) y se cylindrical
puede coordinate
denominar presión.
relations (3.7.5) andMostrar
(3.7.6). que las ecuaciones de
equilibrio implican que la presión debe satisfacer la relación ∇p = F~
∂ux ∂uy ∂ux ∂uy
7. A partir de las ecuaciones de compatibilidad en 2D (x = ∂x
, y = ∂y
, γxy = ∂y
+ ∂x
)
obtener la condición de compatibilidad:

∂ 2 x ∂ 2 y ∂ 2 γxy
+ =
∂y 2 ∂x2 ∂x∂y

8. Mostrar que la función de esfuerzo φ, para el caso de esfuerzo plano, satisface la ecuación

∂ 4φ ∂ 4φ ∂ 4φ
 2
∂ 2V

∂ V
+ 2 2 2 + 4 = − (1 − ν) + ,
∂x4 ∂x ∂y ∂y ∂x2 ∂y 2

donde las componentes de las fuerzas de volumen son Fx = − ∂V

∂x
, Fy = − ∂V
∂y

68 FOUNDATIONS AND ELEMENTARY APPLICATIONS