Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Another Lesson-3 Contemporary
Another Lesson-3 Contemporary
Exercises/ Drill:
1. Trending You Tube Sensation
Direction: Search for an act or artist that became or is currently internationally
trending and prominent. Students must download and present the video of the act in
class prior to their oral presentation. In their report, they must answer the following
questions.
1. Where did the act/ artist originate from?
T-Series was founded on 11 July 1983, by Gulshan Kumar, at the time a
fruit juice seller in the Daryaganj neighbourhood of Delhi.
In which countries di the act/artist became well-known? in India
became the most-viewed YouTube channel in January 2017 (world wide)
2. How did the act/artist become popular/
It began as a cheap destination for pirated Bollywood songs. In 1984 T-
Series released its first ORIGINAL soundtrack. In 1990 T-Series gained
massive popularity with the release of the soundtrack of a very
successful romantic film Aashiqui. The word Aashiqui means
ROMANCE
T-Series joined YouTube on 13 March 2006, but only started uploading
videos in late 2010. Under this channel, T-Series primarily shows music
videos and film trailers. By July 2013, it had crossed 1 billion views,
becoming the second Indian YouTube channel to cross the milestone
after Rajshri Productions.
Exercises/ Drill:
Direction: Create a pie chart that will represent the distribution of religions practiced all over the
world. You may use different colors to show the different percentages allotted for each religion.
Use the space provided below to indicate the proportion of each religion included in your chart.
Religions of the World
Roman Catholics______%
Evaluation:
Direction: Choose the correct answer from the given options. Write your answer before the
number.
1. Which of the following statement of a globalist is NOT true?
A. Globalist abide human- made laws
B. Globalist sees his/her work contributing to the nation and global economic system
2. The following statement are femi9nist perspective to the issue of reproductive rights
EXCEPT:
A. Government ignores other equally important causes like unequal distribution of
wealth, lack of public safety nets, education and gender equality programs
B. Government has a very little evidence that point out to overpopulation as the culprit
behind poverty and ecological devastation
C. Women should receive family planning counselling on abortion, nature of human
sexuality and main element of responsible parenthood.
D. Any form of population control does not empower women
3. Which of the following statement of religion is NOT true?
A. Religion is concerned with sacred other than material wealth
B. Religion is concerned with spreading holy ideas globally
C. Religion assumes that there is “ the possibility” of communication between humans
and transcendent.
D. Religion is largely focus on the realms of markets.
4. It is an association of different Protestant congregations that has criticized economic
globalization because of its negative effects.
A. World Council of Churches
B. World Believers Organization
C. World Council of Movements
D. World Churches Organization
5. The following are the added criteria of Economic Intelligence Unit to measure the
economic competitiveness of a city EXCEPT one.
A. Size of the market and the middle class C. Industrial Revolution
B. Potential for growth D. None of the option given
6. It is created for high-yielding varieties of rice and other cereals along with the
development of new methods of cultivation.
A. Green Revolution C. Industrial Revolution
B. Popular Revolution D. Global Revolution
7. The following are the disadvantages of social media EXCEPT one:
A. People pace themselves in when they are online.
B. I t invites users to listen or read opinions and challenge their viewpoints that make
them
More partisan and closed-minded.
C. Social media has been used by people who are aware that social media bubbles a
herd mentality
D. Social media enabled users to be consumers and producers of information
simultaneously.
8. The following are three essential factors of religious fundamental movements EXCEPT
one.
A. It is strongly founded on religious ideology.
B. Fundamentalism serves as a stronghold against the invasive cultural dramatic
changes brought about by globalization’
C. It is a self- protective mechanism which seeks to preserve or re-establish former
social order and return to the traditional sources of religious authority.
D. It is explicit that science has influenced mostly the death of religion in modern
secular society.
9. The kind of philosophy advocating the use of reason rather than relying on the
supernatural and religious order began, together with similar developments in other
fields, gave birth to the Age of_______
A. Age of Enlightenment C. Age of Discovery and
exploration
Exercises/ Drill:
Activity: Tara Na Biyahe Tayo!
Direction: Every student will be assigned a global city to discuss and research on. They shall
present an imagined group educational tour in the global city showing pictures of the places they
“visited” in the fictional tour. Their reports should include answers to the following guide
questions:
1. How would you describe your city?
Cebu is a place where you can feel people’s warmth. Since it is located in the center
of the Philippines, you can find people from every part of the Philippines. I know
people from Manila and they’re living here in Cebu now. I asked them why they
moved and they answered Cebu is much cleaner and more peaceful than Manila
which is true because I’ve been there myself.
Regarding the cost of living, it is cheaper compared to Manila. You can have a
complete meal for only 30 pesos and the jeepney’s minimum fare is 7 pesos (more if
you go to far places tho).
If you want to have fun, there are also a lot of tourist attractions from historical sites,
beaches and a lot more!
The food is also delicious and you can find an eatery or restaurant in every corner
which is good because you’ll never go hungry (as long as you have money).
It is the second most popular city in the Philippines so you can find jobs in every
industry you like especially in BPO (Business Process Outsourcing), IT and others.
Overall, Cebu is a great place to live. You can do A LOT of things, so you’ll never get
bored.
Cebu is progressing. Among some part of the Visayas region, Cebu is really known and
regarded as rich among others.
Cebu is now drowning from traffic congestion and garbage that even if
collected are not sent to what can be acceptably called a sanitary landfill.
Many related problems exist too, like the noise and air and water pollution as
Cebu becomes overcrowded with people and cars and other things that come
with the rapid urbanization of Metro Cebu.
Evaluation:
Essay:
1. Enumerate and explain the criteria for what constitute a global city according to a
Sociologist Saskia Sassen.
According to the Britannica Encyclopedia, a global city is an urban center that
enjoys competitive advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic
system. The term was first used by a sociologist named Saskia Sassen in 1884, she
primarily used economics as the main criteria for determining which of the cities all
over the world is to be labeled as such. In her research in the said period, she was
able to identify three cities considered as centers of capitalism and global financial
transactions: London, Tokyo, and New York. In support to this selection, Manuel
Castells stated that:
“ London because it is the world’s leading financial market as far as transactions
are concerned and also constitutes a crucial airport node and is one of the ends of
the economic backbone that crosses Europe; New York for being the main receiver of
capital flows and service exporter; and Tokyo for being the greatest capital lender
and the headquarters of the most important banks in the world, as well as an
international center in the economy of services, education, advertising and design.”
Innovation and imagination: The keys to a sustainable urban future (UN Environment, 2018)
This article is brought to you thanks to the strategic cooperation of The European
Sting with the World Economic Forum.
Author: Chan Heng Chee, Chairman, Lee Kuan Yew Centre for Innovative Cities, Singapore
University of Technology and Design (SUTD) & Harvey Neo, Consultant, Lee Kuan Yew
Centre for Innovative Cities, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD)
The UN estimates that 55% of the global population lives in urban areas – a figure that is
projected to rise to 68% by 2050. With few exceptions, cities are expected to become bigger and
more numerous.
As urbanization speeds up, particularly in Asian and African countries, here are five of the biggest
challenges confronting the future of cities:
1. Environmental threats
Rapid urbanization, which strains basic infrastructure, coupled with more frequent and extreme
weather events linked to global climate change is exacerbating the impact of environmental
threats. Common environmental threats include flooding, tropical cyclones (to which coastal cities
are particularly vulnerable), heat waves and epidemics.
Owing to the physical and population density of cities, such threats often result in both
devastating financial loss and deaths. Making cities more resilient against these environmental
threats is one of the biggest challenges faced by city authorities and requires urgent attention.
2. Resources
Cities need resources such as water, food and energy to be viable. Urban sprawl reduces
available water catchment areas, agricultural lands and increases demand for energy. While
better application of technology can boost agricultural productivity and ensure more efficient
transmission of electricity, many cities will continue to struggle to provide these resources to an
ever-growing urban population.
Beyond these basic requirements, haphazard growth will see the reduction of green spaces
within cities, negatively affecting liveability. As fresh water becomes scarce and fertile lands
diminish, food prices may escalate, hitting the poorest hardest.
3. Inequality
When it comes to both the provision of basic resources and resilience against environmental
threats, the forecast is uneven for different groups of urban inhabitants. As the number of urban
super-rich grows, many cities will also see increased numbers of urban poor.
4. Technology
Technology will be increasingly used in the development and running of cities of the future. Smart
planning used in Singapore can harness solar energy for use in housing estates and create man-
made wetlands for ecological balance. Smart mobility technology can alleviate traffic gridlocks
which plague many cities.
The use of environmental technologies which can cool buildings more efficiently or run vehicles
that are less polluting will also lead to better future cities. Installing sensors in the homes of
ageing seniors living alone can connect them to the community and summon help when they are
unwell or hurt.
However, technology can exclude urban inhabitants who cannot afford it or lack the capability
required for its adoption. As future cities become more digitized, care must be exercised to
prevent the emergence of a new form of social divide rooted in the technological.
5. Governance
Future cities offer immense possibilities to enrich the lives of their inhabitants even as the
challenges are stark. To make the best out of inevitable urbanization, good governance is
imperative. Cities will increase in size and their populations become more diverse. Governing
these cities will, therefore, be progressively complex and require the most dedicated of minds.
Increasingly, cities around the world are learning about the best governance and planning
practices from one another, even as they remain accountable to their respective national
governments. The broad goals of urban governance should address issues of equity, liveability
and sustainability in cities of the future.
The UNICEF estimates the all around the world, an estimate of 353,000 babies are born each
year. That’s an approximate of 4.3 babies being born in every second. Ten years from now, you
might be contributing to the world’s increasing population yourself. You may have started your
own family of procreation and even built a private townhouse. Future plans that may further fuel
your desire to do well in school and earn a degree or two. Married couples in several highly
developed countries opt to have one or two children as they focus most of their energy saving
money to provide for their kids need. Having less number of children would ensure that most, if
not, all of their needs are satisfactorily met. An ideal number to progenies may have also come
into your mind as prices of basic commodities seem to increase steadily for the past years.
Demography, basically looks into different elements of population like size, mortality rates,
income, incidence of diseases, and fertility rates for these have a direct relationship with the
quality of the society’s complex make up. Are there consequences if global demography is not
checked and controlled? Is having a majority of old population beneficial for the society? Is an
increased influx of migrants a sign of a booming economy? These are but a few of the questions
that we intend to shed light on with this chapter.
History of man is speckled with stories of people migrating from one place to the next either
in search for food, escape raiders, conquest or for pleasure. Possibly in this point in your life,
some of you may have plans of pursuing a career abroad attracted by the sight and sounds of the
city life. Perhaps, you may have lured by friends and families who have successfully rooted
themselves in a foreign land. Such is the nature of man- to be mobile. Demography is the study
of population based on elements like age, race and sex. With the migration and unrestrained
increase in the population, the natural order of things gets upset, and changes have to be made in
order to offset these imbalances. For example, if people flock to the cities, more food, basic
commodities and employment are required to accommodate these migrants. If the growing
population is kept underfed, undernourished afflicted with sickness, the future manpower of the
society may not be as effective. Lawmakers and policy makers alike consider the demography of
their nation when drafting bills, acts and ordinances to be executed for the maximum benefit of
the people.
Countries all over the world experience the entry of foreigners at an unprecedented rate.
Surveys show that more than 160 million individuals live out of their country of origin. Factors
accounting for this transition can range from simple employment opportunities to fight from
human rights abuses and political repression. Motivations for migration have been categorized
into either the Push Factor or Pull factors.
Push Factor
Survival for themselves, or for their family, is one of most obvious motives which explain
migration. Escape either from man-made disasters, civil war and decline of economic
opportunities threatening them of starvation can be prime motivators. They leave their land in
order to secure safety for themselves because their communities can no longer sustain life for its
people. To put it simply, push factor refers to causes that drive droves of people to abandon their
residences.
Pull Factor
Many of developing countries in Asia rely on agriculture, as the major driving force of the
economy thus having more number of children is necessary to maintain farm operation. On
the contrary, residents of high income and developed countries tend to limit their progenies
to one or two. Aside from the abundant supply and selection of birth control methods,
parents in this part of the world tend to focus their attention to saving enough money for
future needs such as medical expenses, insurances, matriculation and retirement funds to
mention a few. Meaning having more than two children can become too expensive.
To put it simply, there is a converse relationship between the economic level of a country
and its population. In poor countries, birth rates lean towards being high while in rich
countries, birth rates tend to decline. Though some policy makers put forward solutions
like one child policy, legalization of abortion and other sterilization process to restrain
population, differences in belief and cultural practices make it impossible to come up with
a single answer.
d. Spread of Disease
Generation and spread of diseases and other terminal illnesses, like HIV/AIDS, also hasten
keeping pace with globalization. However, international aids and programs have been
organized in order to extend help and contain the further circulate and create an epidemic.
Additional Readings:
1. Global Demography- The Contemporary World by Claudio & Abinales, pp. 96-107 and by
P. Aldama, pp. 18-19.
Process Questions:
1. Do you believe in the Neo-Malthusian argument? Why or why not?
2. How can technology and interventions in development offset the pressures of
population growth?
3. Under what circumstances is rapid population growth beneficial to societies?
4. What do you think is the effect of a high dependency ratio in developed countries? In
developing countries?
5. Is the heightened flow of people a unique feature of the current global era?
6. Has globalization facilitated or obstructed greater labor migration?
Exercises/Drill:
Learning Activity: Family Trees
Create two family trees based on interviews with each of your parents. Try to trace your
family connections as far back as you can. Expand lateral connections as well. The “ higher” you
go vertically the better. Unless you are the child of a single parent, please remember that you
have to trace the lines of two families – your mother’s and father’s.
If you are a family of migrants, determine if your family moved from the provinces to the
big cities( Metro Mla. Or Metro Cebu). If they migrated to the cities, ask them when the family
moved, and why the left the provinces for the cities. Report on the reasons why your family
moved, the job opportunities opened to them and to which they applied, the problems they
encountered, and the ways in which they tried to resolve these problems.
Evaluation:
1. What is demography?
Demography is the study of population based on elements like age, race and sex. With
the migration and unrestrained increase in the population, the natural order of things
gets upset, and changes have to be made in order to offset these imbalances.
2. Compare and contrast the two factors of migration using the Venn diagram.
Migration depends on two factors - push and pull. By its very nature there
are no pull factors in forced migration.
This lesson will discuss about the impact of global migration in each country as well as its
causes and effects. The lesson will emphasize that global migration has always been and will be
forever part of globalization. That there is nothing wrong nor evil of it, but it will however give
us a cheaper picture of the phenomena and will give us a better understanding of its occurrence
and effects.
Migration
Migration means crossing the boundary of s political or administrative unit for a certain
minimum period (Boyle et.al. 1982, chapter 2). It is classified as either internal migration which
refers to a movement from one area (province, district or municipality) to another within one
country or international migration which means crossing the frontiers which separate one of the
world’s approximately 200 states from another. Many scholars argue that internal and
international migration are part of the same process, and should be analyzed together (SKeldon
1997, 9-10).
Migration is thus both a result a cause of development. Development leads to migration,
because economic and educational improvements make people capable of seeking better
opportunities elsewhere. It simply means that people from different walks of life, either for
purposes of business opportunities, family affairs or even unwanted reasons, are experiencing
migration as agents of cultural or political change. As history will tell us, migration has already
been a practice ever since the world began.
One of the reason of migration is disparity in levels of income, employment and social well-
being between differing areas. With a family to feed or a responsibility to earn, the individual is
keen to exert the effort to look for better jobs with better pay. Thus in his search for a greener
pasture, he becomes motivated to relocate himself whatever it might cause him. In his search, he
will find himself in a certain neighborhood that has been the center of immigrant settlement, with
significant business openings, services and convenience which are not usually of worship, ethic
groupings and socio cultural linkages, thus no new immigrant is left out because he can easily
blend in. A new perspective set in where women are likewise given the same opportunities as that
of men thus female migration is accommodated as they moved in independently or as heads of
households.
For better understanding, the migrants come now with different criterion.( Stephen Castles, 2000)
1. Temporary labor migrants- they are popularly known as overseas contract workers who
migrate for a limited period in order to work and send remittances to their families left at
home.
2. Highly skilled and business migrants- they are the people with special skills and
qualification who seek employment through international labor markets for scarce skills.
3. Irregular migrants (also known as undocumented or illegal migrants)- people who enter a
country, usually in search of employment, without the necessary documents and permits.
4. Refugees- is a person residing outside his or her country of nationality, who is unable or
unwilling to return because of a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race,
Exercises/ Drill:
Activity: OFW Interview
Direction: Watch a documentary about a life of an OFW:
The Unsung Heroes: The struggle and Sacrifices of OFWs
( https:// Steemit .com) or
A Salutr to all the OFWs: Our Modern day Heroes-Kwentong OFWs
( https: www.kwentongofw.com)
Each student will be asked to interview a former or current OFW (face- to-face or on line).
In class they will share what they learned from these interviews about transnationalism and the
factors that affect global migrations. Their interview should answer the following questions:
1. State the reasons why the OFW decided to leave the country.
She need to leave because her salaries is not enough to sustain their needsand the salaries
are so much higher in many other countries. And there are more opportunities of
available jobs.
2. What are the problems encountered in the country they went to?
The greatest challenge to them is their own selfishness. These OFWs earn great amounts
and push their careers forward to wonderful individual achievements but their failure to
see how they only work for foreign countries leaves our dear Philippines behind. Their
selfishness is the greatest challenge because they will return home to a country left to rot
because of their own self-importance.
Some of the challenges faced by Filipino migrant/expatriate workers are common to
anyone who works overseas: lack of security if lacking permanent residence, sometimes
disadvantageous foreign exchange rates when sending money back home, vulnerability to
abuse by employers.
However I believe the greatest challenge faced by Filipino migrant and expatriate
workers is financial innumeracy, coupled with a dependent culture among the worker's
family members back in the Philippines. This is why we all hear of the stories of the
OFW who put all their siblings (and nephews.. and nieces..) through school, then end up
with no savings at all when they are no longer employable.
3. What are the benefits they obtained in the country they went to?
4. What are the significant differences as well as the similarities with the country they went
to and our country?
The places
5. If they are given the choice, would they still leave the country? Why and why not?
As I ask tita gen, yes, they still want to leave for a vacation purposes only but if for a work? It’s a
no, because it is good to be here in your own country where you lived for so long since when you
were born and most especially much better to be here together with your fam, you can bond any
time, you will see each other unlimited and you can celebrates and have fuc with them.
Evaluation:
Essay:
1. What is migration?
When it comes to Human migration, it is the movement by people from one place to
another with the intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily in a new location.
Migration means crossing the boundary of s political or administrative unit for a certain
minimum period (Boyle et.al. 1982, chapter 2). It is classified as either internal
migration which refers to a movement from one area (province, district or municipality)
to another within one country or international migration which means crossing the
frontiers which separate one of the world’s approximately 200 states from another. Many
scholars argue that internal and international migration are part of the same process, and
should be analyzed together (SKeldon 1997, 9-10).
Immigration and emigration usually refer to the same process, but from
opposing perspectives. Emigration is moving away from a certain place and
immigration is moving into a certain place. Just For example, if a person
moves from the Philippines to Canada, she is emigrating from the US and
immigrating into Canada. The difference between the terms is the perspective
(or location) of the observer or the person describing the process
Poverty is more than the lack of income and resources to ensure a sustainable livelihood. Its
manifestations include hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic
services, social discrimination and exclusion as well as the lack of participation in decision-
making. Economic growth must be inclusive to provide sustainable jobs and promote equality.
It is time to rethink how we grow, share and consume our food. If done right, agriculture,
forestry and fisheries can provide nutritious food for all and generate decent incomes, while
supporting people- centered rural development and protecting the environment.
Right now, our soils, freshwater, oceans, forests and biodiversity are being rapidly degraded.
Climate change is putting even more pressure on the resources we depend on, increasing risks
associated with disasters such as droughts and floods. Many rural women and men can no longer
make ends meet on their land, forcing t hem to migrate to cities in search of opportunities.
A profound change of the global food and agriculture system is needed if we are to nourish
today’s 79 million hungry and the additional 2 billion expected by 2050.
Additional Readings:
1. Environmental Crisis and Sustainable Development - The Contemporary World by
Claudio & Abinales pp.- 117-123 and by P. ALdama, pp.26-29.
Process Questions:
1. How do poor countries balance their need for development with the necessity to protect the
environment?
2. How do you define sustainable development?
3. What are the major environmental problems you are exposed to? Are these problems
global?
Exercises/ Drill:
1. What is industrial revolution?
The Industrial Revolution transformed economies that had been based on
agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry,
mechanized manufacturing, and the factory system. New machines, new power
sources, and new ways of organizing work made existing industries more
productive and efficient.
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes
in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This
transition included going from hand production methods to machines,
new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved
efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power, the development
of machine tools and the rise of the factory system. Textiles were the dominant
industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output
and capital invested; the textile industry was also the first to use modern
production methods.
The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every
aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. In particular, average income
and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth.
2. What do you mean by cycle of efficiency?
Evaluation:
1. What is the difference between stability and sustainability?
For me the main difference is that sustainability is more about “can go on like
that for unlimited time” (in contrast to eventually running out of resources, for
example), where as stability is more about “robust against disturbances” - like a
stable government.
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
According to the website of World Population Projections, the planet’s occupants would
have reached 7,714, 576, 923 by the year 2019. With an estimated 1.07% growth in population
from 2018, another grave issue is threatening the human populace- hunger. In the Philippines,
news about price increases in basic food commodity is plaguing the nation affecting each and
every one of its inhabitants. Images of how common Filipinos folks make ends meet are frequent
topics covered by the media and flashed in our daily television screens. The pagpag phenomenon,
wherein a number of extremely poor groups “recycle” food scraps and use it for personal
consumption or for enterprise is part of these marginalized groups’ lives. For many, this kind of
lifestyle seem to unbearable, but for some it is a reality.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, “food security exists when all people,
at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet
their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.” Basing on FAO’s
definition, food security is not only about filling the stomach with food, but an important element
of it involves having nutritionally adequate and safe foods. Consequently, researches conducted
by the State of Food Security in the world reveals that Asia has the largest number of people
going hungry each day. In keeping with Malthusian principle, the steady growth of global
population challenges world leaders and scientists alike on how to produce solutions to meeting
human food and nutritional needs while sustaining the finite resources of the world.
Food that human beings consume comprises grain, fruits, roots, animal products
and marine food. Out of these essential items grain has to be harvested. The
harvesting process takes time. Each harvest produces a quantity of grain. This
grain has to meet the needs of the consumers until the next harvest is delivered.
Therefore it has to be stored during the period between harvests. This is essentiaĺy
the idea of food security. Fruits and roots are seasonal products and if there is
continuous demand for either item, storage is necessary. Animal and fish products
are available in continuous supply. But these products may have to be stored for a
short period of time between slaughter or catch and consumption. One animal
product, milk, has consumer needs similar to that of grain. Milk products like
butter cheese etc however are consumer goods that take time to produce from
milk. So the products have to be stored to maintain continuous supply. Bradly
speaking storing food items to secure a conitnuous supply round the year is the
essential charaxteristic of “food security".
Exercises/ Drill:
1. What is food security according to Food and Agriculture Organization?
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, “food security exists when all
people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious
food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.”
Basing on FAO’s definition, food security is not only about filling the stomach with
food, but an important element of it involves having nutritionally adequate and safe
foods. Consequently, researches conducted by the State of Food Security in the world
reveals that Asia has the largest number of people going hungry each day. In keeping
with Malthusian principle, the steady growth of global population challenges world
leaders and scientists alike on how to produce solutions to meeting human food and
nutritional needs while sustaining the finite resources of the world.
2. Enumerate and discuss the factors that contribute largely to issues pertaining to world
hunger and food insecurity.
We all know that the general cause for hunger is insufficient food resources.
However, there could be some other noteworthy reasons worth considering:
1. War and Conflict – It’s no coincidence that many of the world’s “conflict
hot spots” are also the regions most ravaged by hunger. Imagine how
difficult it is for a community stressed by violence, crumbling infrastructure,
and fleeing refugees to support stable food systems. In many cases, a
family whose life has been interrupted by war will see a drop in income and
access to arable land. War and conflict drastically impact food supply and
security.
2. Weather and Climate Change – Natural disasters leave dramatic impact
on the production of arable land. Between droughts, floods, and tropical
storms, weather can be unpredictable and devastating. Although a natural
disaster may strike quickly, its long-term damage can be unimaginable. In
many developing countries, farmers depend on one small plot of land. If
this land is destroyed by natural disaster, their source of food and
livelihood is washed away with it.
3. Agricultural Practices – In recent years, farmers have seen an increase in
deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, and drought. Combined with
overgrazing, over-cropping, and deforestation, the impact of poor
From the beginning of this work text the most fundamental ideas of globalization has been
used as guides in order to point out what this phenomenon is all about. By this time you might
have already concocted your own definition of globalization. Understanding that peoples of the
world are chained together by infinite transactions and interconnectivities in a way suggests an
implied responsibility to look out for one another. The much debated climate change and its
fallouts are now a staggering reality. Its effects excuses no one- not even people from the so-
called highly industrialized countries. A few too many debates have already been done to identify
the culprits for this massive destruction. We need not add to the long list of endless rebuttals for
what we are in dire need of our actions and solutions that would turn things around.
A global citizen is an individual who is aware of and firmly understands the interdependent
system of societies and their relative position in that arena. According to Jerome S. Bruner,
“Education must be not only a transmission of culture but also a provider of alternative views of
the world and a strengthener of skills to implore them.” This means that young individuals, such
as yourself, are beseeched to enrich and deepen your knowledge, skills, talents, and values to
better arm yourself as you go about exploring the world beyond the borders of the place you call
home. Being citizens of the world entails rejoicing and celebration of the diversity of cultures and
this includes the arts, music, literature and language to mention a few.
A global citizen is a person who recognizes being part of an unfolding global community
and that individual conduct and behavior act as the building blocks of a community’s culture.
Nowadays, forces of globalization such as the internet, politics, and religion guide individuals to
identify themselves as global citizens living in a world system. With technology, transportation
and mass media, our ability to establish linkages and connect with people in distant places is
enforced and magnified. We feel empathy and sorrow for victims of humanitarian catastrophes,
civil conflicts and famine in other countries halfway across the world. We are educated on how
elevated the problem is with regards to the oceans of pollution we have collectively spawned.
Deep seated emotions like anger surface amidst terror attacks as images of defenseless children
fill our television screens.
A sense of belongingness that was first attributed to our countrymen begins to extend
allowing the entry of non-nationals into our hearts and minds.
Exercises/ Drill:
1. Activity: Local- Global Issues
Direction: As part of an interdependent and interconnected global society, one of our
duty is to become aware of the atrocities that is plaguing the world. Global issues are not
found beyond our nation’s borders- it is here. Make a draft of a proposal on how to solve
an existing global problem like pollution, poverty, and food insecurity within your
community.
I don’t think anybody has a clue how to solve world poverty. There’s so many
variables involved. To name a few: overpopulation, corruption, insufficient resources,
underdevelopment, apathy, ignorance, violent conflicts, refugees, global warming,
patriarchy and the obscenely lopsided distribution of wealth around the world.
I envision a day in the distant future when mankind’s population decreases because
of the massive death toll of the 22nd century, due to global warming, resource wars,
famines, droughts and mass migrations from uninhabitable desert areas. Due to
generations of global suffering, without respite, religions will be all but abandoned.
We’ll have nowhere to turn, but to science and technology, to usher in a revival of
humanity. It will be our, last, best, hope.
We will have learned our lesson. It will take a global government to level the playing
field and ensure the wealthy aren’t too wealthy. Everybody will play by the same
rules, all designed to eliminate the problems leading up to the catastrophic 22nd
century. Clean energy will be mandatory. Populations will be distributed based on
local sustainability. A simple income tax system will distribute wealth sensibly by
scaling tax rates to income. National borders will only be violable by majority
agreement of both sides. Thanks to technological advances, education and health
care will be free everywhere.
A minimum standard of living, at the subsistence level, will be maintained for those
unable or unwilling to be productive members of society. These will be the “poor
people”. Poverty is relative. It will always be with us. All we can hope to do is provide
a safety net that allows a dignified existence to the poorest of the poor.
Evaluation:
1. Articulate a personal definition of global citizenship.
For me, I define global citizenship more loosely than national, state, and county
citizenship, but definitely an obligation.
As a citizen of the United States, I encourage my nation to participate in global initiatives
with the goals of making the world a healthier, safer, and more equitable place. I vote for
candidates who see the necessity for such initiatives. When possible, I support businesses
I think the concept of a "global citizen" is more controversial than it should be because
some misunderstand it as a pledging of loyalty to to an authority above one's nation. No
doubt it could be used that way, and I think it is by some. Perhaps this is a reaction to the
problems caused by extreme nationalism.
However, in the sense we all reside on one planet, global citizen is an accurate term. For
those who wish to practice reciprocity, empathy, and altruism toward other humans, it
presents certain responsibilities. However, this is not incompatible with being a good
citizen of one's nation or locality, which citizenships often come with more defined
responsibilities and priviliges, which I would not want to abandon.
By way of explanation:
The United States issued my passport, protects my safety and rights, and collects taxes
from me. If I break a federal law, they will prosecute me. If my country required my
service, I would render it.
The state in which I live issues my driver's license, protects my rights and safety, and
collects taxes from me. If I break a state law they will prosecute me. If my state required
my service, I would render it.
The county in which I live assigns a place where I vote, protects my rights and safety, and
collects taxes for me. If I break a local law they will prosecute me. If my county required
my service, I would render it.
I live on earth, and the nations of the earth and the UN have little direct influence on my
immediate rights. However, if I break an International law, an International court may
prosecute me, as the courts in other nations might do so in if I break a law there. If I am
imprisoned unjustly in another country, I would expect my country to work toward
securing my rights and protecting me. If my country needed my service to support an
action by the UN or a cooperative action with other countries, I would render it.