9/27/21, 8:21 PM Simplex method calculator

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Home > Operation Research calculators > Simplex method calculator

 
Algorithm and examples
Method 1. Simplex method (BigM method)
Solve the Linear programming problem using
Simplex method calculator
Type your linear programming problem
MAX Z = -2x1 - x2

subject to

3x1 + x2 = 3

4x1 + 3x2 >= 6

x1 + 2x2 <= 4

and x1,x2 >= 0

OR
Total Variables :
2   Total Constraints :  3   Generate
 

Max Z = -2 x1 + -1 x2
Subject to constraints
3 x1 + 1 x2 = 3
4 x1 + 3 x2 >= 6
1 x1 + 2 x2 <= 4

and x1,x2 >= 0 and unrestricted in sign x1, x2

Mode :
Decimal
Calculate : Zj-Cj
Alternate Solution (if exists)
Artificial Column Remove
Subtraction Steps
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Solution Help

Solution will be displayed step by step (In 3 parts)

Solution

Find solution using Simplex method (BigM method)

MAX Z = -2x1 - x2
subject to
3x1 + x2 = 3
4x1 + 3x2 >= 6
x1 + 2x2 <= 4
and x1,x2 >= 0

Solution:
Problem is
Max Z = - 2 x 1 - x 2
subject to
3 x1 + x2 = 3
4 x1 + 3 x2 ≥ 6
x1 + 2 x2 ≤ 4
and x 1, x 2 ≥ 0;

https://cbom.atozmath.com/CBOM/Simplex.aspx?q=sm&q1=2%603%60MAX%60Z%60x1%2cx2%60-2%2c-1%603%2c1%3b4%2c3%3b1%2c2… 1/3
9/27/21, 8:21 PM Simplex method calculator

The problem is converted to canonical form by adding slack, surplus and artificial variables as appropiate

1. As the constraint-1 is of type ' = ' we should add artificial variable A 1

2. As the constraint-2 is of type ' ≥ ' we should subtract surplus variable S 1 and add artificial variable A 2

3. As the constraint-3 is of type ' ≤ ' we should add slack variable S 2

After introducing slack,surplus,artificial variables

Max Z = - 2 x 1 - x 2 + 0 S 1 + 0 S 2 - M A 1 - M A 2
subject to
3 x1 + x2 + A1 =3
4 x1 + 3 x2 - S1 + A2 = 6
x1 + 2 x2 + S2 =4
and x 1, x 2, S 1, S 2, A 1, A 2 ≥ 0

Iteration-1 Cj -2 -1 0 0 -M -M

MinRatio
CB XB x1 x2 S1 S2 A1 A2 XB

B
x1

3
A1 -M 3 (3) 1 0 0 1 0 =1→
3

6
A2 -M 6 4 3 -1 0 0 1 = 1.5
4

4
S2 0 4 1 2 0 1 0 0 =4
1

Z = - 9M Zj - 7M - 4M M 0 -M -M

Zj - Cj - 7M + 2 ↑ - 4M + 1 M 0 0 0

Negative minimum Z j - C j is - 7M + 2 and its column index is 1. So, the entering variable is x 1.

Minimum ratio is 1 and its row index is 1. So, the leaving basis variable is A 1.

:. The pivot element is 3.

Entering =x_1, Departing =A_1, Key Element =3

+ R_1(new)= R_1(old) -: 3

+ R_2(new)= R_2(old) - 4 R_1(new)

+ R_3(new)= R_3(old) - R_1(new)

Iteration-2 C_j -2 -1 0 0 -M

MinRatio
B C_B X_B x_1 x_2 S_1 S_2 A_2
(X_B)/(x_2)

x_1 -2 1 1 0.3333 0 0 0 (1)/(0.3333)=3

A_2 -M 2 0 (1.6667) -1 0 1 (2)/(1.6667)=1.2->

S_2 0 3 0 1.6667 0 1 0 (3)/(1.6667)=1.8

Z=-2M-2 Z_j -2 -1.6667M-0.6667 M 0 -M

Z_j-C_j 0 -1.6667M+0.3333uarr M 0 0

Negative minimum Z_j-C_j is -1.6667M+0.3333 and its column index is 2. So, the entering variable is x_2.

Minimum ratio is 1.2 and its row index is 2. So, the leaving basis variable is A_2.

 :. The pivot element is 1.6667.

Entering =x_2, Departing =A_2, Key Element =1.6667

+ R_2(new)= R_2(old) -: 1.6667

+ R_1(new)= R_1(old) - 0.3333 R_2(new)

https://cbom.atozmath.com/CBOM/Simplex.aspx?q=sm&q1=2%603%60MAX%60Z%60x1%2cx2%60-2%2c-1%603%2c1%3b4%2c3%3b1%2c2… 2/3
9/27/21, 8:21 PM Simplex method calculator

+ R_3(new)= R_3(old) - 1.6667 R_2(new)

Iteration-3 C_j -2 -1 0 0

B C_B X_B x_1 x_2 S_1 S_2 MinRatio

x_1 -2 0.6 1 0 0.2 0

x_2 -1 1.2 0 1 -0.6 0

S_2 0 1 0 0 1 1

Z=-2.4 Z_j -2 -1 0.2 0

Z_j-C_j 0 0 0.2 0

Since all Z_j-C_j >= 0

Hence, optimal solution is arrived with value of variables as :

x_1=0.6,x_2=1.2

Max Z=-2.4

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