Presented by: Aazim Rasool

1134200011
Presented to: Dr. Chongru Liu

North China Electric Power University,

Beijing , China 1
AC

DC

North China Electric Power University,

Beijing 2


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Cost of HVDC is less
One cable required instead of three

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Same poles can be use. Moreover, slim and smart
poles are used for DC transmission

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ACNorth
Transmission Line Corridor
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DCNorth
Transmission Line Corridor
China Electric Power University,
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DCNorth
Transmission Line Corridor
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 DC transmission system

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  In 6-phase;each transistor
operate for 120o .

Ebc -- T3&T2 Ebc -- T3&T4 Eba - T5&T4

Eac -- T1&T2

Eca - T5&T6 Ecb - T1&T6

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 Graph representation of operation.

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 Figure representing, when firing
delay angle ‘α’ changes
 To make eac(α=0) ; switch ON
transistors 1 & 2
 at ‘-60o ‘
 for ‘60o ‘.
 To make eac(α≠0) ; switch ON
transistors 1 & 2
 at ‘-60o + α’
 For ‘60o + α‘.

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 Rectifier Operation Inverter Operation


AC System Power Flow DC System AC System Power Flow DC System

Id Id

V1 V3 V5 V1 V3 V5

Phase A Phase A

Phase B Phase B Ud
Ud

Phase C Phase C

V4 V6 V2 V4 V6 V2

+Ud
Rectifier
Operation
160
0
a
5 30 60 90 120 150 180
Inverter
Operation
-Ud

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 a Rect. Limit
Rectifier
+Ud Operation

160 a
0
5 30 60 90 120 150 180
Inverter
Operation
-Ud
a Inv Limit
a = 0o a = 30o a = 60o
Ud

Ud

wt

a = 90o a = 120o a = 150o

Ud

wt

-Ud

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 15

 Direct current from the rectifier to the inverter

Vdor cos a  Vdoi cos 

Id =
Rcr  Rl  Rci
 Power at the rectifier terminal

Pdr = Vdr I d
 Power at the inverter terminal

Pdi = Vdi I d = Pdr  RL I d

2

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α:
 Ignition delay angle for rectifier
 α min = 5 o (Required to charge thyristor)
 α op. = 15-20 o (Room for VR )
 α ≤ 900
γ:
 Extinction advance angle
 γmin = 15o (50Hz)/ 18o (60Hz) – avoid comm. failure
** 1800 ≥ α ≥ 900 (For inverter mode)

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* µ= overlap angle

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 1 α= firing Angle
3
μ= Commutation
u u u
a a a Interval
C

A Vd

B
2
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 Internal voltages, Vdorcosa and Vdoicos are used to control
the voltages at any point on the line and the current flow
(power)

 This can be accomplished by:

 Controlling firing angles of the rectifier and inverter (for fast action)
 Changing taps on the transformers on the AC side (slow response)

 Power reversal is obtained by reversal of polarity of direct

voltages at both ends

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Ideal Characteristic:
 Under normal Condition;
 Rectifier maintains CC (Constant Current)- α
 Inverter maintains CEA (Constant Extinction Angle) γ min

Vd = Vdoi cos   ( RL  Rci ) Id

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Actual Characteristic
Rectifier
Abnormal Condition
FA represents min. ignition angle (CIA mode)
AB represents Constant Current (CC mode)

*CIA shows maximum

rectifier voltage
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Actual Characteristic
Inverter
Abnormal Condition
GD represents min. extinction angle (CEA mode)
GH represents Constant Current (CC mode)

Operating Point

Operating Point
at abnormal *CEA shows maximum
inverter voltage
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 Each converter can work as a rectifier as well as
Operating Point 1
inverter.
 O.P 1
 C1=rectifier(CC)
Current is same
 C2=inverter(CEA)
 O.P 2
 C2=rectifier(CC)
 C1=inverter(CEA)
Operating Point 2

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Decrease voltage at station B or increase voltage at station A. power flows from A B Normal
direction

Decrease voltage at station B or increase voltage at station A. power flows from A B Normal
direction North China Electric Power University,
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North China Electric Power University,
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Power reversal is obtained by reversal ofElectric
North China polarity
Powerof direct voltages at both ends.
University,
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CONSTANT VOLTAGE MODE CONSTANT B MODE

 V-I characteristic is flat  Back-up type

 Higher value of γ  γ is comparatively less
γ is set at higher; maintain low constant voltage
γ is se at medium; make greater voltage then CVM

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 Small change in AC-Voltage cause large change in
DC-Current.
 There is a Mode Ambiguity.

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 Fig a, represents constant β mode.
 Fig b , represents constant Voltage mode.

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 Voltage-Dependent Current-Order Limit.
 Under low voltage(drop >30%);current also decreases to
low level

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Graph shows the function of VDCOL in control graph
of rectifier and inverter characteristic

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 “Power system stability and control”, parabha
qundar
 Course Lectures “HVDC” , A.M Gole.
 “Presentation of HVDC Transmission”,Zunaib Ali

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North China Electric Power University,
Beijing 33