URBAN PLANNING

DA 2

Vinay Reddy
19BCL0171

1. Explain the Smart city developments in India and across

the world.

ANSWER:

Development in India:

• The focus of Smart City development in India is not on developing green-field cities.
• Tier 1 and Tier 2 cities are part of this mission. The aim is to bring them at par with smart
cities of the world.
• The major aim is to drive economic growth.
• Bring a marked improvement in the quality of life of people.
• Development of Urban Ecosystem well-represented as physical, institutional, economic
and social infrastructure development- the four pillars of extensive development.

Smart City Development Solutions

The solutions as part of Smart Cities Mission are aimed at achieving comprehensive
development. Some of these solutions are-
• Availability of easy to access transportation options
• Promotion of mixed land use
• Development of open, recreational spaces
• Expanding excellent housing opportunities
• Inclusive and sustainable development
• Seamless Integration of compact areas with the neighbouring areas.

The core elements of Smart City Infrastructure include-

1) Assured Supply of Electricity; 2) Adequate Supply of Water;
3) Solid Waste Management; 4) Sanitation; 5) Efficient Urban Mobility;

6)Affordable Housing; 7) Public Transport; 7) Digitalisation;

8) IT Connectivity; 9) Sustainable Environment; 10) Good Governance;

11) Health and Education; 12) Security of the Citizens

The aim is to create a self-sufficient city that takes care of its every necessity and citizen
needs effectively and efficiently. It results in the citizens becoming better contributors for a
successful society. It also results in contributing towards an effective growth and
development of the city.

NEW YORK
• The New York City Department of Transportation's Midtown in Motion is
a congestion management system that has improved travel times on Midtown's
avenues by 10%.
• The NYCx Challenges initiative from the NYC Mayor's Office of the Chief Technology
officer invites entrepreneurs, technologists, and tech professionals to participate in
open competitions and propose bold ideas that solve real urban needs such as
pollution, income inequality, and transport (site closed).
• LinkNYC provides free super-fast free Wi-Fi, phone calls, device charging, and a
tablet to access city services, maps, and directions. It's a unique communications
network replacing payphones across the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and
Staten Island.
• Cyber NYC is the city’s strategic investment to dominate cybersecurity. It aims to
grow New York City’s cybersecurity workforce, help companies drive
innovation and build networks and community spaces.
• MyNYCHA mobile app and web portal allow public housing residents to manage
services online. It addresses over 300 public developments across New York City.
Launched in 2015, MyNYCHA is a free service that puts the repair process in
residents' hands. Residents can submit, schedule, and manage work tickets online.
They can also subscribe to alerts for outages in their developments, view inspection
appointments, and pay their rent.

AMSTERDAM

Amsterdam is a shining example of a well-connected smart city reaping the rewards of

opening the data vault. The Smart City initiative began in 2009 and included over 170
projects.
It also shares traffic and transportation data with interested parties such as developers, who
then create mapping apps connected to the city’s transport systems.
Now, navigating the city is a snap for all. The city built autonomous delivery boats called
‘roboats’ to keep things moving in a timely fashion. It also supported a floating village of
houses, solving the city’s overcrowding problem with a sustainable, energy-efficient
alternative. Power is generated within communities, and homes receive water straight from
the river and filter it within their tanks.

COPENHAGEN

Copenhagen is known as one of the smartest cities in the world and mobilizes expertise
worldwide.The city is leveraging open data to collaborate with the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology (MIT) to develop an innovative intelligent bike system.

Embedded with sensors that provide real-time information to both the riders and
administrators, data is shared to monitor and manage air quality and traffic congestion.

Q2. Write notes on: Green corridors, green space and green buildings.
ANSWER:
GREEN CORRIDORS : The green corridor is also known as a wildlife corridor or habitat
corridor is an area of habitat connecting wildlife populations separated by human activities
or structures.
These corridors may help facilitate the re-establishment of populations that have been
reduced or eliminated due to random events or disasters.
This allows an exchange of individuals between populations which helps in preventing
negative effects of inbreeding and genetic diversity within isolated populations.
The main goal of implementing a green corridor is to increase biodiversity.
1. Corridors can contribute to three factors that stabilize a population:
2. Colonization: animals can move and occupy new areas when resources lack in their
habitat.
3. Migration: species can easily relocate seasonally.
Interbreeding: animals can find new mates in neighboring regions to increase genetic
diversity.

GREEN SPACES : In land-use planning, urban green space is open-space areas reserved
for parks and other "green spaces", including plant life, water features -also referred to
as blue spaces- and other kinds of natural environment. Most urban open spaces are green
spaces, but occasionally include other kinds of open areas. The landscape of urban open
spaces can range from playing fields to highly maintained environments to relatively natural
landscapes.
Generally considered open to the public, urban green spaces are sometimes privately
owned, such as higher education campuses, neighbourhood/community parks/gardens, and
institutional or corporate grounds. Areas outside city boundaries, such as state and national
parks as well as open space in the countryside, are not considered urban open space.
Streets, piazzas, plazas and urban squares are not always defined as urban open space in
land use planning. Urban green spaces have wide reaching positive impacts on the health of
individuals and communities near the green space.

GREEN BUILDINGS: Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable

building) expands and complements the building design concerns of economy, utility,
durability, and comfort. A Green Building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy
efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier space
for occupants as compared to conventional buildings.
Green building is the practice of creating structures and processes that are environment
friendly and resource-efficient throughout the life span of a building right from site selection
to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction.

Q3. Describe how the Safety and security of urban population is ensured in
smart cities.
ANSWERS:
In several studies, the field of safety appears to be undervalued. However, even if we go
back to Maslow's hierarchy of requirements, we can see that safety is an important part of
life quality in every city. As a result, we may state that every Smart City must also be a Safe
City.
The purpose of UN-Safer Habitat's City programme, which was created in 1996 at the
request of African mayors, is to help cities develop intelligently in this field. This initiative is
divided into several phases, each of which shaped the idea of a safer city. The first phase
focused on a three-pronged approach to urban crime prevention:
Institutional crime and violence prevention, social crime prevention, and physical crime
prevention are all important.
The second phase added two new fields to the vision of city safety. The first was tenure
security and forced evictions, because estate ownership is a source of tension and
bloodshed in some nations. Another aspect was dealing with natural calamities and
attempting to avoid lawlessness during their occurrence. The third phase emphasises the
importance of planning, management, and governance, while emphasising that these three
components should not be separated. They are linked, improving and strengthening one
another in order to achieve a complete strategy to city safety. The latter two phases
concern the integration of local governments and their proactive attitude to safety and
security and reviewing the state of safety in world cities conference.
At this point, it's important to remember that the aforementioned fields alone aren't
enough to qualify those solutions as complex. Natural disasters are just one type of
emergency that can pose a threat to cities and their residents.
Accidents, catastrophes, terroristic acts, and threats to public health of II. degree, according
to Slovak Republic definitions, are among the forgotten categories of emergencies.
That is why we will introduce also our own perspective. We can see the Safe City as a part of
Smart City, one of its subsystems, that covers all safety aspects within the city. Smart
technologies have many purposes and those, used in the field of safety are building up the
Safe City system.
Safe City system should include following features:

• healthcare,
• smart traffic systems and routes,
• smart safety systems for surveillance, search, detection and identification,
• smart systems of crisis management to support decision making, early warning,
monitoring and forecasting emergencies and environmental situation,
• centrally operated units of police and Integrated Rescue System (IRS),
• safe internet connection and data protection,
• centres of data processing

Q4. Explain how the internet of things (IoT) help in enhancing urban living.
ANSWER:
Every city needs the Internet of Things. Tokyo, Delhi, Shanghai, and Sao Paolo are the
world's largest cities, with populations of 38 million, 29 million, 26 million, and 21 million
people, respectively. These megacities are now famous for their massive populations. There
will be many more of these in the future, with increasingly denser populations.
By 2030, it is expected that more than 60% of the world's population will be living in cities.
It's a big prognosis, and if the necessary steps aren't followed, it may spell tragedy. Large
populations necessitate large amounts of resources. Water, efficient and ecologically
friendly transportation, clean air, and practical sanitation and waste management are
essential necessities for residents. Cities of the future will be able to meet the demands of
their citizens in an effective and efficient manner thanks to the creative use of smart city
practises and extensive deployment of IoT technology.
Smart solutions can be created using connected technology and large data. These solutions
can help solve problems, improve the quality of life for local residents, and reduce resource
usage. The Internet of Things is a necessary component for a genuinely smart city to
function at its full potential.
The study found that the following areas were the top priorities for city
governments:

• Connected public transport (74%)

• Traffic monitoring and management (72%)

• Water level / Flood monitoring (72%)

• Video surveillance and analytics (72%)

• Connected streetlights (68%)

• Weather monitoring (68%)

• Air quality / Pollution monitoring (68%)

• Smart metering – water (66%)

• Fire / Smoke detection (66%)

• Water quality monitoring (64%)

The future of our cities is inextricably linked to the future of the Internet of Things. The
demand for IoT will expand tremendously as city governments begin to realise the full
potential of urban data platforms, AI, smart devices, and interconnectivity. This will result in
more effective problem solving, smart transportation, and sustainability, among other
things. One of the most intriguing ways that the Internet of Things can assist future cities is
by minimising the need for private automobiles. With the arrival of self-driving cars, it won't
be long before IoT technology allows for efficient public transportation to be made available
to everyone. Future automobiles and buses will be able to communicate with one other via
data carried by street furniture or lamps, resulting in a more efficient and seamless traffic
flow.
The future of garbage management is another way that IoT can improve our cities of the
future, though it is far less glamorous. Waste collection and disposal are currently two of
the most significant challenges facing cities. Route planning tools and real-time bin capacity
levels are among the features of smart waste management solutions that can help reduce
collection volumes and educate citizens about better trash disposal options.
These are just two of the many ways that IoT will improve the quality of life for citizens of
future smart cities.